1,720,969 research outputs found
BENESSERE ORGANIZZATIVO E RISCHI PSICOSOCIALI: CARICO LAVORATIVO E RISORSE PERSONALI POSITIVE
Full text linkThis research - composed of two specific studies - is, as methodological contribution, in the framework of several surveys related to organizational well - being and psychosocial risks. In particular, it refers to work - related stress according to transactional psychological theories and Positive Psychology.
Purposes of the first study are the presentation of the factorial structure (CFA) of the scales related to workload, control and four personality variables: resilience, hope, optimism and self-efficacy.
Aim of the second study is to verify the presence of a higher - order factor composed of the four personal positive resources above - mentioned.
The model adjustments to the data, based on the fit indices χ2, CFI (Comparative Fit Index) and SRMR (Standardized RMR), are satisfactory. Then the factorial structure of the scales and the higher - order factor are confirmed.
Therefore these scales are appropriate to assess the influence of some individual characteristics - given the importance highlighted by the literature of personality variables - in the development of work - related stress.Il presente contributo di ricerca - che si compone di due specifici studi - si inserisce come contributo metodologico nell’ambito delle numerose indagini relative alle tematiche del benessere organizzativo e dei rischi psicosociali. Si riferisce, in particolare, allo stress lavoro - correlato nell’ambito dell’approccio psicologico di tipo transazionale e della Psicologia Positiva.
Gli obiettivi del primo studio consistono nella presentazione delle strutture fattoriali (CFA) delle scale relative al carico lavorativo, al controllo e a quattro variabili di personalità: la resilienza, la speranza, l’ottimismo e l’autoefficacia.
Gli obiettivi del secondo studio sono volti a verificare la presenza di un fattore di ordine superiore composto dalle quattro risorse personali positive sopra richiamate.
Gli adattamenti dei modelli ai dati, in base agli indici di fit χ2, CFI (Comparative Fit Index) e SRMR (Standardized RMR), risultano soddisfacenti. Vengono quindi confermate le strutture fattoriali delle scale e il fattore di ordine superiore.
Tali scale appaiono dunque idonee per valutare l’influenza di alcune caratteristiche individuali - data l’importanza messa in luce dalla letteratura delle variabili personalità - nello sviluppo dello stress lavoro-correlato
Positive personal resources and organizational well-being: resilience, hope, optimism, and self-efficacyin an Italian health care setting
No full textThe present study fits within the Positive Psychology approach, according to which a positive outlook is a valuable “natural defence” to contrast the possible negative effects of stress.
In line with the Psychological Capital (PsyCap) model, the study aims to assess the metric properties of four scales geared to measure the positive personal resources considered by such model – resilience, hope, optimism, and self-efficacy – as well as to ascertain the presence of a higher-order factor representing these four personal resources.
The fit of the models to the data (χ2, CFI, and SRMR) are satisfactory. The scales factor structures and the higher-order factor are therefore confirmed.
Such scales thus appear to be appropriate to assess the influence of some individual work characteristics in the work-related stress process
The role of negative affectivity in the evaluation of work stress: An empirical survey
No full textThe evaluation of work stress is very often conducted using self-report measures in order to detect both the risk factors and their consequences in terms of strain. However, some authors criticize the exclusive use of self-report measurements in
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the evaluation of work stress. In particular, many objections are related to the role, as yet unclear, played by affectivity in the process of work stress (Cox, Griffiths & Rial-Gonzalez, 2000; Semmer, Grebner, & Elfering, 2004).
This study was conducted in one Italian organization (n = 670) in order to examine the role of negative affectivity (NA) in the formation process of perceived work stress among its workers. An adaptation of the Strain Free Negative Affectivity Scale created for the Italian context was used in this organization in order to assess psycho-physical strain, perceived conflict and negative affectivity.
Four popular models, widely present in the literature on work stress, were tested within the observed organization: partial mediation model, common cause model, regression model, total mediation model. These models are characterized by a specific role, different in each of them, played by NA.
The results show both a direct and an indirect – through perceived conflict – effect of NA on strain. There is also evidence of a relevant role of NA in the formation process of perceived work stress. These results highlight the seasonableness of adding hetero-evaluations or objective indicators of stress to self-evaluations in order to obtain a broader and integrated knowledge of the work stress in the observed context
Psychological and psychotherapeutic approaches in oncology: Valorization and strengthening of the person
No full textThis paper arose from the importance of psychological and psychotherapeutic approaches in improving cancer patients' quality of life and the results of treatment. A concise yet thorough review of the relevant literature, together with the theoretical models, and the effects reported in studies and meta-analyses was conducted, with particular reference to efficacy testing. On these bases, we here present the outlines for a clinical interview aimed to increase awareness and transformative learning. This interview, which can be carried out with the patient and his/her family, is intended to strengthen the person's values and ethics and to make him/her aware of the possibilities of action, even in situations of extreme suffering. This scheme, already successfully tested on a small sample of patients and family members, can be applied within compatible theoretical models. The results are presented here of a study carried out on psychological and medical staff already working or in training which can also be extended to other professional groups involved in the care process. The study was based on reflection, consolidation, and internalization of writings on severe crisis situations by eminent authors, and therefore particularly significant in terms of ethics, values, and the construction of the self and the world
Come fronteggiare lo stress lavoro-correlato con il biofeedback training: uno studio pilota
No full textNell’ambito delle tecniche dirette al fronteggiamento dello stress lavoro-correlato hanno crescente rilievo quelle basate sul biofeedback (McCraty, Atkinson, Lipsenthal, & Arguelles, 2009). Ampiamente utilizzate per apprendere il controllo volontario di diverse funzioni fisiologiche, esse hanno mostrato la loro efficacia nella riduzione del livello di attivazione e nel favorire risposte di rilassamento (Lehrer, Woolfolk, & Sime, 2007; Schwartz & Andrasik, 2003).
Il presente studio si propone di valutare l’efficacia del biofeedback training, in combinazione di metodo, nell’ambito di uno specifico intervento formativo di matrice cognitivo-costruttivista.
Un gruppo di professionisti in formazione nel campo della salute (N = 15) ha partecipato ad uno specifico training di stress management, volto ad approfondire temi quali i significati personali, gli stili di coping e le reazioni psicofisiologiche allo stress e ad apprendere alcune tecniche di respirazione e di rilassamento con il biofeedback. Tra i due incontri previsti sono stati proposti un programma di esercitazioni e un supporto a distanza.
Nella fase di pre e post training è stato registrato il profilo psicofisiologico e sono stati somministrati il Test Qu-Bo, lo STAI-Y e una griglia di repertorio sugli stili di coping. I partecipanti sono stati inoltre invitati a compilare un diario giornaliero per monitorare lo svolgimento del programma.
I risultati mettono in luce differenze statisticamente significative tra le misurazioni pre e post training in alcune variabili psicofisiologiche, una percezione di maggiore capacità di controllo del proprio stato di attivazione, l’importanza del feedback e il ruolo della motivazione intrinseca dei partecipanti.
Tali risultati preliminari invitano a proseguire nella ricerca, anche attraverso la realizzazione di studi controllati, per valutare l’efficacia del training nel lungo periodo e la sostenibilità della sua applicazione nei contesti organizzativi
Coping with the economic and labor crisis: models and tools for the evaluation of suicide risk
No full textThis review derives from the application of models and tools to address the suicidal risk of people
affected by the Italian economic and labor crisis, especially since 2010. This crisis has resulted in a
sharp increase in the number of suicides by employers who lost their companies — mostly small and
family-run — and employees who lost their job. A national psychological support service was implemented
with the purpose of listening to and counseling those who were in serious economic difficulties,
thus preventing their disease. Over 1000 people turned to this support service; the authors of the study
could therefore observe the strengths of various theoretical and practical approaches and their implications
in situations where the risk of suicide was present. On the basis of this experience as well, the authors
propose a description of the models and tools, mainly addressing psychologists and psychotherapists
faced with suicidal risk situations
Attitudes, perceptions, evaluations and policies of buying in relation to child work.
No full textLittle research has been conducted on the opinions of young people living in industrialized countries about child work,
which is a still widespread phenomenon in many countries. Child work is a component of many productive activities
that have their final step in the distribution of products in western countries, therefore the awareness of this
phenomenon, of its diffusion and of its outcomes can represent a relevant factor in the formation of attitudes and
buying behaviors among the marketing target of these products. This research relates to attitudes, perceptions,
evaluations of young Italians, aged 14-27, in relation to child work, as well as to the consequent adoption of
preventative buying policies.
The research was conducted through the use of a questionnaire, administrated to a sample of about 1,600 students.
The questionnaire measured the variables of general knowledge about child work, causal attributions regarding this
phenomenon, perceived efficacy of preventing measures meant to reduce it, attitudes toward child work and
attitudes toward the adoption of polices of buying related to child work. These dimensions were assessed through a
series of different type of scales.
The findings of this research give a series of instruments for understanding the levels of awareness and the critical
factors of diffusion of the information about this phenomenon. Specifically, mass media play a crucial role on the
representation of child work, negative attitudes towards child work are closely associated to mental representation of
poverty and exploitation, but more positive attitude if work is perceived as pleasant and freely chosen by the child.
Much can be done with the findings of this research in order to raise the awareness about the diffusion and the
relevance of child work, as well as in order to stimulate actions related to it. In this perspective, this study can be also
a starting point for further research about more dimensions related to child work and about modifications of the
awareness and the representations about it
“The best or nothing": the mediating role of workaholism in the relationship between perfectionism and burnout.
No full textThe study involved 225 workers operating in an Italian public organization. The first aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the short version of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in the Italian context. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the 3-factor model of perfectionism and evidenced satisfactory psychometric properties of the scale. The study also aimed to test a theoretical model in which the three dimensions of perfectionism — self-oriented, other-oriented, socially prescribed perfectionism — have both a direct and an indirect effect, through workaholism, on emotional exhaustion and professional inefficacy. Results showed that self-oriented and other-oriented perfectionism were positively associated with workaholism, which, in turn, was positively associated with emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, workaholism mediated the relationship between self-oriented and other-oriented perfectionism and emotional exhaustion. Additionally, self-oriented perfectionism had a negative direct effect on emotional exhaustion, whereas socially prescribed perfectionism showed a positive direct effect on both emotional exhaustion and professional inefficacy. Possible implications are discussed for managers and human resources professionals
Effects of temporary job contracts on the well-being of individuals and organizations.
No full textUncertainty, mobility, and opportunity are some of the concepts used to describe work in today’s society. Greater economic energy and flexibility have certainly created conditions that enable organizations to be more competitive, but these changes have also given rise to greater uncertainty, instability, and risk for workers, with a subsequent increase in their levels of stress and anxiety. This study aims to investigate the effects of temporary job contracts on the well-being of individuals and organizations, on the basis of an empirical survey on a sample of 106 Italian workers in the tertiary sector. Results show that the type of contract, as well as the possibility of choosing, have effects on personal and organizational variables, such as climate, conflict, perceived organizational support (POS), commitment, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), strain, burnout, and turnover intention. Results are also reported for gender and some organizational well-being/malaise dimensions. Such findings may be useful in developing some management guidelines to foster the sustainability of different forms of employment
Fear of workload, job autonomy, and work-related stress: The mediating role of work-home interference
No full textThe study examines the mediating role of work-home interference (WHI) in the relation between job demands/resources and psycho-physic strain which, in its turn, predicts sickness absences. To do so we carried out a multi-method study in a public administration office (N = 409). Workload, job autonomy, and WHI were revealed through a self-report instrument at the beginning of 2010. Workers then underwent the annual medical check-up, in which the occupational physician revealed psycho-physic strain.
Lastly, the medically certified sickness absences (MCSA) relative to 2010 were collected from the company database. A positive association emerged between workload and WHI, while there was no association between job autonomy and WHI. Moreover, a positive association emerged between WHI and psycho-physic strain. Finally, psycho-physic strain predicts MCSA. Overall, WHI mediates the relation between
workload and psycho-physic strain which, in turn, mediates the relation between WHI and MCSA
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