1,721,014 research outputs found
Il dolore negli animali: perchè è importante trattarlo. Patogenesi e conseguenze cliniche del dolore patologico - parte 2
No full textAcute pain and associated reflex responses elicited by noxious stimulation are protective for short term survival of the organism. However, persistent pain may be deleterious to the organism because abnormal reactions may occur if pain is not relieved adequately. (12) Left uncorrected the consequences of pain and distress may extend well beyond unnecessary suffering. Excessive activation of the neuroendocrine stress response can promote catabolism and negative nitrogen balance, weight loss, and extra demands on cardiopulmonary function. Pain in the thorax or anterior abdomen may interfere with ventilation. Distressing pain will prevent many patients from eating and replenishing their energy stores. Pain may also interfere with the ability to lie comfortably, robbing the patient of much-needed sleep and causing behavioral responses that include restlessness, forced position changes, or self-mutilation, employing energy that could be better used for recovery. On the contrary, immobility of a single limb or the whole body due to a severe pain, sets the stage for tissue edema and venous thrombosis, urine retention and constipation. Several recent reviews have compiled evidence that pain and the attending stress response contributes to immune dysfunction, thrombosis or excess hemorrhage, pneumonia and other infections, impaired respiration, and other complications. (4)
Therefore, pain has not to be considered only as an "unpleasant sensory and emotional experience" to treat for ethical reasons, but its treatment/prevention becomes imperative in the aim to aid healing, so becoming a key-objective in the veterinary profession
Riconoscere il dolore nel gatto: fantascienza o realtà?
No full textThe diagnosis of pain in veterinary medicine is a real challenge: in fact, in contrast to adult human patients who can describe their pain, animal patients communicate their pain perception predominantly by non univocal behavioural patterns and physiologic changes common to various conditions (such stress) occurring in the sympathetic nervous/endocrine systems.
In an attempt to improve pain diagnosis, work has been done to evaluate pain scales for use in domestic animals. Pain scales allow a semi-quantitative evaluation of the degree of pain an individual may be experiencing, and usually take into account both physiologic signs (such as increased heart rate and respiratory rate) as well as the animal's response to stimulus and manipulation. Unfortunately, no pain scales have been validated for cat right by now, and the diagnosis of pain is based on knowledge of the degree of pain associated with particular surgical procedures and illnesses, and on recognition of the signs of discomfort and pain
Il Fisco di un'Italia senza Europa
No full textTra i numerosi effetti del risultato negativo del referendum tenuto nel Regno Unito sulla permanenza nella UE vi è anche quello di rendere “meno impossibile” uno scenario internazionale senza Unione Europea o con un’Unione priva di alcuni degli Stati membri più importanti. Uno dei tanti interrogativi che la Brexit solleva è, dunque: cosa accadrebbe all’ordinamento tributario italiano nel caso imploda l’Unione Europea o l’Italia l’abbandoni? Da un lato, l’Italia si riapproprierebbe di quegli spazi di sovranità fiscale che, sotto il profilo del mero confezionamento del contenuto materiale dei precetti normativi, i vincoli comunitari prima ed unionali poi le hanno sottratto e si tornerebbe al rispetto del fondamentale principio nato oltremanica no taxation without representation. Dall’altro lato, si avrebbero ricadute negative in termini di possibili fenomeni distorsivi della concorrenza e di lievitazione della compliance per le nostre imprese
Pain recognition in farm animals
No full textHow animals feel and react to pain has been object of widespread interest by the scientific community over the past few decades, leading to a radical re-interpretation of the whole concept of pain in veterinary medicine: after being considered for long time a mere "unpleasant experience", and, as such, deprived of any interests within the medical field, it is now widely accepted that pain, rather than being just a simple consequence of a disease, is, itself, a pathology. As a consequence, particularly for small domestic animals, recognizing, treating and preventing pain has become a fundamental part of veterinary practice.
Different is the situation for food producing animals, which generally receive a much lower attention in detecting and treating painful conditions.
After a previous review synthesizing the commonest sources of pain afflicting main farm animal species, in this issue various methods to diagnose the presence of pain in these animals will be described according to 4 evaluation criteria (physiological, behavioural, zootechnic, lesion-related). Each of them will be analyzed in reference to single species, with the final purpose of defining a useful and species-specific algorithm to evaluate whether the observed animal is experiencing pain
Sources of pain in farm animals
No full textWith the advent of intensive farming, farm animals are raised in production contexts where rearing conditions and enforcement of some practices, motivated by livestock, health and cultural considerations, may represent certain or potential sources of pain for the animals. These sources of pain may include 1) animal husbandry practices including routine interventions, such as the application of ear tags for identification, castration, tail docking, dehorning, teeth trimming, beak cutting or other mutilation; 2) production systems and farm management, which can induce or encourage the emergence of painful diseases with varied etiology (infectious, metabolic, locomotor, etc.); 3) protocols of genetic selection based on productivity criteria, which in some cases may promote animal susceptibility to certain diseases and hence to potential pain. These sources can add up to those related to the practice of animals slaughtering, both during the pre-cut (stay in the lairage, journey into the trap of restraint) and in the process of killing itself (restraint, stunning and slaughter)
Phamacokinetics of enrofloxacin in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after single administration. 8th International Congress of European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology (EAVPT)
No full textFarmacocinetica e cinetica residuale del tiamfenicolo nel pesce gatto (Ictalurus punctatus). Conferenza Internazionale di Acquacoltura: Dove va l’acquacoltura del sud Europa?
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Indagine conoscitiva sulla presenza di antibiotici in pesce selvatico, molluschi e crostacei nelle zone lagunari e vallive adiacenti a fiumi ad alta densità di allevamenti ittici
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