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Incidence and time course of Leishmania infantum infections examined by parasitological, serologic, and nested-PCR techniques in a cohort of naive dogs exposed to three consecutive transmission seasons.
No full textMost experience in the comparison of diagnostic tools for canine leishmaniasis comes from cross-sectional
surveys of dogs of different ages and breeds and in cases with unknown onset and duration of leishmaniasis.
A longitudinal study was performed on 43 beagle dogs exposed to three transmission seasons (2002 to 2004)
of Mediterranean leishmaniasis and examined periodically over 32 months through bone marrow microscopy
and nested PCR (n-PCR), lymph node culture, serology (immunofluorescent-antibody test), and evaluation of
clinical parameters. Starting from January 2003, the highest rate of positives was detected by n-PCR at all
assessments (from 23.3% to 97.3%). Sensitivities of serologic and parasitological techniques were lower but
increased with time, from 15.8% to 75.0 to 77.8%. Some dogs that tested positive by n-PCR but negative by other
tests (“subpatent infection”) remained so until the end of the study or converted to negative in subsequent
assessments, whereas all dogs with positive serology and/or microscopy/culture (“asymptomatic patent infection”)
exhibited progressive leishmaniasis; 68% of them developed clinical disease (“symptomatic patent
infection”) during the study, at 7 (range, 3 to 14) months after being positive to all tests. Postexposure infection
incidences were high and were significantly different between 2002 and 2003 exposures (39.5% and 91.7%,
respectively). The time course of infection was highly variable in each dog, with three patterns being identified:
(i) rapid establishment of a patent condition (0 to 2 months from detection of infection); (ii) a prolonged
subpatent condition (4 to 22 months) before progression; and (iii) a transient subpatent condition followed by
10 to 21 months of apparent Leishmania-negative status before progression
L’impiego dei tamponi congiuntivali nella diagnosi precoce e nel monitoraggio della leishmaniosi canina: studio preliminare.
No full textInhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on trypanothione reductase activity and leishmania infantum proliferation
No full textIn Leishmania the glutathione/glutathione reductase eukaryotic redox sys-tem is replaced by the unique trypanothione/trypanothione reductase (TR) system. In vitro, silver is a more effective TR inhibitor than antimony, the first line drug against leishmaniasis in most endemic countries, and its mechanism of inhibition is similar to that of Sb(III). In particular, silver binds with high affinity to the catalytic triad Cys52, Cys57, and His461′, thereby inhibiting TR. Here, Ag(0) activity was tested on the promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania infantum using a drug-delivery system consisting in Ag(0) nanoparticles encapsulated by ferritin molecules (PfFt-AgNPs). These were able to induce an antiproliferative effect on the parasites at metal concentrations lower than those used with antimony. © 2010 American Chemical Society
Incidence and time course of Leishmania infantum infections examined by parasitological, serologic, and nested-PCR techniques in a cohort of naive dogs exposed to three consecutive transmission seasons.
No full textMost experience in the comparison of diagnostic tools for canine leishmaniasis comes from cross-sectional
surveys of dogs of different ages and breeds and in cases with unknown onset and duration of leishmaniasis.
A longitudinal study was performed on 43 beagle dogs exposed to three transmission seasons (2002 to 2004)
of Mediterranean leishmaniasis and examined periodically over 32 months through bone marrow microscopy
and nested PCR (n-PCR), lymph node culture, serology (immunofluorescent-antibody test), and evaluation of
clinical parameters. Starting from January 2003, the highest rate of positives was detected by n-PCR at all
assessments (from 23.3% to 97.3%). Sensitivities of serologic and parasitological techniques were lower but
increased with time, from 15.8% to 75.0 to 77.8%. Some dogs that tested positive by n-PCR but negative by other
tests (“subpatent infection”) remained so until the end of the study or converted to negative in subsequent
assessments, whereas all dogs with positive serology and/or microscopy/culture (“asymptomatic patent infection”)
exhibited progressive leishmaniasis; 68% of them developed clinical disease (“symptomatic patent
infection”) during the study, at 7 (range, 3 to 14) months after being positive to all tests. Postexposure infection
incidences were high and were significantly different between 2002 and 2003 exposures (39.5% and 91.7%,
respectively). The time course of infection was highly variable in each dog, with three patterns being identified:
(i) rapid establishment of a patent condition (0 to 2 months from detection of infection); (ii) a prolonged
subpatent condition (4 to 22 months) before progression; and (iii) a transient subpatent condition followed by
10 to 21 months of apparent Leishmania-negative status before progression
Longitudinal study on Leishmania infections detected in a cohort of naive dogs exposed to two consecutive transmission seasons in a mediterranean focus of zoonotic visceral leishmanaisis.
No full textThe potential role of conjuntival swab analysis for the early detection of leishmania dog contacts: a preliminary study
No full text
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