1,720,966 research outputs found
Le volte sottili nella tradizione costruttiva mediterranea
No full textThe paper is aimed to trace a historical-geographical framework in which the thin shells, in the form of tiled vaults, were born and developed. Starting from Catalonia, where there is evidence of their first development and which still hosts the leading experts of this technique, the attention will then move to Portugal and to France, in which the Iberian influence was manifested in the solutions adopted. The last area investigated within the Mediterranean basin is Sicily, where there is evidence of the construction of such vaults until the second half of the last century
Memorie dalla scuola estiva. “Historic Masonry Structures” - Segovia - 2024
No full textThe experience gathered during the “Historic Masonry Structures” summer school, held in Segovia from August to September 2024, allows for a discussion of some of the topics learned and developed by the diverse participants.
The proposed activities, which ranged from lectures to a workshop for the construction of arches and vaults in thin bricks, allowed for an in-depth study of masonry structures, but also for the formation of a network for the exchange of experiences and information that extended beyond the summer school’s temporal and spatial boundaries
Recensione di Ochsendorf, J. (2014). Las bóvedas de Guastavino. El arte de la rasilla estructural. papersdoc y Ajuntament de Barcelona. Barcelona
No full textRecensione di Adriaenssens, S., Block, P., Veenendaal, D., & Williams, C. (a cura di, 2014). Shell structures for architecture: form finding and optimization. Routledge. Londra
No full textBack to the Nature. Bio-inspired design for creation and construction of shell structures
No full textThroughout history, humanity has drawn inspiration from Nature to fulfil basic survival needs, such as providing shelter to live in perfect harmony and in respect of Nature. However, in the last centuries, the rapid progress of industrial development has transformed this relationship from respect to exploitation of the environment, producing pollution and altering the ecosystem. The building and construction industry is the first example of this trend, as it is particularly harmful to the environment and the largest emitter of greenhouse gases. This paper will provide an alternative outlook by considering and analyzing potential solutions – deployed in various regions around the world – for implementing buildings that adapt to changing socio-environmental conditions. Bio-inspired design approach involved several bio-disciplines, including biomorphism, biomimicry, and bio-utilization. Each discipline explores Nature as a complex system of various organisms and elements, serving as a source for forms, functions, and materials of contemporary buildings. This analysis considers different economic, geographic, and social factors, as well as the different construction needs that may arise in specific contexts, leading to the design of bio-inspired buildings. The paper aims to explore bio-inspired design solutions for constructing shell structures, emphasizing the factors that enable their seamless integration with the surrounding landscape
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND PREFABRICATION OF THIN VAULTS AND SHELLS IN LATIN AMERICA DURING THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY
No full textAfter World War II, the socio-economic difficulties in some Latin American countries often led to political instability conditions. In this complex context, solutions were adopted by some designers to meet looming needs: housing for populations reduced to poverty and the construction of strategic infrastructures. In these countries, starting from the 1940s, the introduction of new techniques and materials – such as concrete and steel – enabled the industrialization of building processes. This also allowed the experimentation of standardized models of thin vaults and shells using the traditional thin vaults, whose technique was imported from the Iberian Peninsula as a reference. The solution of “thin” vaults is one of the most interesting, given the peculiarities that distinguish it from other systems. The small thickness of such vaults derives from the consideration that their strength is determined by their shape and cohesive behavior, following the theories of R. Guastavino Moreno.
Based on these assumptions, this paper aims to review some solutions developed for the prefabrication of thin vaults and the construction of some remarkable buildings. Based on the principles of prefabrication and reinterpretation of the traditional construction technique, the solutions adopted in some emblematic buildings can be useful for suggesting the development of new technical solutions to put in place shells and thin vaults in the second millennium
AGENDA 2030 : CONTRADDIZIONI & GOALS
Get PDFL’Agenda 2030 è un piano d’azione adottato dalle Nazioni Unite nel 2015 e rappresenta una sfida a livello globale per porre fine alla povertà, proteggere il pianeta e garantire uno sviluppo sostenibile per tutti entro il 2030. L’Agenda ha stabilito 17 Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile (SDG) per affrontare sfide globali come la povertà, la fame, la disuguaglianza, il cambiamento climatico e la perdita di biodiversità. Attraverso i 17 Goals, si punta ad un’evoluzione in modo equilibrato delle tre dimensioni dello sviluppo sostenibile - economica, sociale ed ecologica - nonché a porre fine alla povertà, a combattere l’ineguaglianza, ad affrontare i cambiamenti climatici e a costruire società consapevoli che rispettino i diritti umani. Tale impegno richiede la partecipazione di tutti i soggetti coinvolti, dal settore privato a quello pubblico, dalla popolazione civile agli operatori dell’informazione e della cultura.
L’Agenda 2030 è un esempio di problema complesso che richiede un approccio interdisciplinare. Per raggiungere questi obiettivi, infatti, è necessario che i governi, le organizzazioni, la società civile, le aziende, le comunità scientifiche e tutti gli altri
attori coinvolti collaborino per sviluppare soluzioni integrate e sostenibili, anche per superare ostacoli o possibili contraddizioni riscontrate nel tempo.L’Agenda può, infatti, presentare dei limiti a causa della sua attuale visione prettamente antropocentrica,
contraddicendosi sugli studi che richiedono invece una visione integrata dell’intero ecosistema. In questo contesto, l’architettura svolge un ruolo cruciale nel raggiungimento di questi obiettivi, in quanto può aiutare a creare città sostenibili e vivibili, promuovere l’uso di energie rinnovabili e contribuire alla conservazione delle risorse naturali.
I paper contenuti in questo numero condividono riflessioni e avviano un dibattito su una nuova visione dei goals presenti in agenda, sui possibili limiti riscontrati, sulle possibili sfide e contraddizioni, partendo da esperienze in contesti locali, azioni progettuali e ruolo della tecnologia e dell’innovazione tecnologica, processi di partecipazione attiva nel raggiungimento degli Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile
Volte realine. Interventi di recupero e manutenzione
No full textThis paper refers to the analysis and characterisation of the so-called realine vaults, from a technical- constructive point of view. The realine vaults technique is a construction system for internal partitions used in the Western Sicily from the 18th century until the 1950s. Realine vaults are defined as a particular type of thin in folio vaults less than 10 cm thick. This type of technical element consists of thin clay bricks, measuring 12x25 cm and approximately 1 cm thick, laid with gypsum mortar to form several overlapping layers (the so-called in folio also used in other areas of the Italian peninsula), generally 2 or 3. As in the case of the bóvedas tabicadas typical of the Iberian area and from which the vaults in question are said to derive, the realine vaults resistance is due, not only to their material, but above all to their shape. Moreover, their cohesive behaviour follows the theory postulated by R. Guastavino Moreno. After an examination of the geometric characteristics and structural behaviour, made possible thanks to an extensive survey carried out in the Palermo area, the article describes the possible interventions, already put into practice o
Formworks in thin shell construction: past and present
No full textIn Architectural Engineering, thin shells represent two-dimensional structures in which the third dimension, the thickness, is significantly smaller than the others, which are thus prevailing. The thin-shell construction technique has its roots in Spanish bóvedas tabicadas (dating back to at least the 12th century), the construction of which has continued to the present day. The Spanish technique, in the different countries of the Mediterranean area to which it was exported (Portugal, France, Italy) has remained almost unchanged over time. However, the introduction of new building materials such as cement and steel at the end of the 19th century inevitably led to the experimentation of thin-shell structures characterised by greater slenderness and more complex shapes. Starting with Rafael Guastavino Moreno -who began to make improvements to the traditional technique-, and moving on to Eladio Dieste -who succeeded in fusing the qualities of bricks with those of reinforced concrete-, and Heinz Isler and Felix Candela -who, working in two different contexts, managed to improve the use of reinforced concrete-, we arrive to current constructions and experiments, in which the economy and ecological compatibility of the process are essential factors to be taken into account in the construction of modern shells.
After making a general overview on thin shells, the aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of some of the ribbing and formwork technologies used over time to build thin shells. Similarities and differences among the various types of shells will be highlighted, having been used shape, size, and materials as variables for the analyses. A brief analysis of the current experiments carried out to determine alternative formwork systems to those usually used also is described at the end of this paper
Escaleras tabicadas - Scale realine
No full textThe construction technique of the bóvedas tabicadas, or Catalan vaults, has evolved over time according to distinct variants depending on the different geographical locations and resources present there. In this sense, from the Spanish region of Catalonia, where the technique has proven its widest development, it has spread from the Languedoc-Roussillon area in France under the name of combles briquetes, or in Portugal in the form of abobadilhas alentejanas, to certain central European areas in Belgium and Germany, as well as in Italy, particularly Sicily, where the construction of so-called realine vaults has been attested at least since the 19th century. The procedure was mainly applied for the construction of vaults, of various shapes and sizes, useful for covering spaces. Nevertheless, its use, albeit on a more modest scale, also took place for the construction of other elements useful to the building, such as internal partitions or vertical connection structures, namely staircases, which in some cases exceptional levels of cleverness were reached. It is precisely to the deep study of the latter that this dissertation is oriented which starts from the description of the peculiar characteristics of the Catalan escaleras tabicadas, to the in-depth study of certain types of realine staircases found in Partinico, in Sicilian territory
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