1,721,018 research outputs found
Congestioni di Rete nei Mercati Elettrici Competitivi con particolarizzazione al Mercato italiano
No full textUna migliore integrazione in rete delle turbine eoliche = A better grid integration of Aeolian turbines
No full textThe doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for speed-variable operation allows improvements in output, power quality and axial stres
GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PV SYSTEMS TO ACHIEVE THE ENERGY PREDICTIONS
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Limits of Advisability for Master--Slave Configuration of DC--AC Converters in Photovoltaic Systems
No full textSeveral feed-in tariffs are now available for photovoltaic (PV) systems, and thus, the maximization of the productivity is very important; this goal can be achieved by solar cell technologies with high efficiency and low temperature losses, one axis or dual axis sun-tracking systems, proper cooling techniques for PV modules in building integrated applications, master--slave (M--S) control for the inverters in large grid-connected PV plants, etc. About the last item, this paper deals with the advisability of the master--slave concept versus the centralized inverter layout. Here, attention is focused on the influence of the installation site with its irradiation peculiarities, the tilt angle of the PV modules, the efficiency curve of the inverters, and the number of slaves. The simulated productions put into evidence energy gains up to 4% per year, considering the only cloudy-day contribution. On the basis of these comparisons, the M--S concept can be profitable if the number of cloudy days is sufficiently high, the tilt angle is adequate, and the dc--ac efficiency curve is ``well shaped.
Optimal Configuration of Module Connections for Minimising the Shading Effect in Multi-Rows PV Arrays
No full textEconomic analysis of investment in the rooftop photovoltaic systems: A long-term research in the two main markets
No full textNowadays, due to incentive policies, the PhotoVoltaic (PV) installations become an economically attractive investment. The different policies aim to reduce the PV installation costs, consequently to the deployment of the market. In recent years, a progressive price decrease of components for PV installations has occurred, according their learning curve: every doubling of the volume implies approximately a cost reduction of -20%. In order to reduce the burden of the incentive rate on the national budget, maintaining the economic margin of the investment attractive for investors, a progressive tariff decline has also taken place. This paper provides a technical-economic analysis of investments in PV systems installed on the rooftop, considering incentive policies, and applies it to some significant case studies in the Countries, in which PV market is the most prosperous (Germany and Italy). The analysis puts into evidence the past and current economic margins of the PV investments since 2006 to 2012. Four case studies from 3 kWp to 1 MWp are examined in detail. The profitability indexes in terms of net present value and internal rate of return, evaluated throughout incentive duration of 20 years, become very interesting above all in Italy (higher than 100% of the installation cost and higher than 10%, respectively) since 2009, when an abrupt decrement in installation cost occurred. In Italy the best profit margins occur for large-size PV plants and are poorly counterbalanced by the decline of the feed-in tariff up to 2012, when a new framework has given a knock to the investments, whereas in Germany the best margins happen for medium-size PV plants and are well adjusted by the feed-in tariff. However, it is predictable that a cut in German feed-in tariff will take place, because the profit margins have been higher in last year than in the previous year
Synchronously Modulated Cascaded Neutral-Clamped Converters for Photovoltaic Application
No full textAssessment of energy production and comparison among different configurations of grid connected PV systems. The compiled State-of-the-Art of PV Solar Technology and Deployment
No full textExperimental assessment of the powerline carrier data transmission performance in low voltage applications
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