1,720,981 research outputs found
Immagine e illusione nel De rerum natura di Lucrezio
No full textNel presente saggio si indaga il modo in cui Lucrezio
tratta il fenomeno dell’illusione a partire da una prospettiva
atomista. In particolare, si spiega quali siano i fattori che determinano tale esperienza e le ragioni per cui il poeta ritiene
rilevante dedicare un esame approfondito a un aspetto in
fondo liminare della psicologia.
Il tema della distorsione sensitiva e mentale, infatti, sembra
rivestire un ruolo centrale nel quadro dell’analisi che Lucrezio
offre della visione e del pensiero nel quarto libro del De Rerum
Natura. Il poeta dedica una porzione consistente della sua
trattazione a illustrare casi di alterazione ottica o rappresentativa, cercando di mettere in luce i meccanismi fisiologici che ne sono alla base, le loro
caratteristiche epistemiche, le implicazioni affettive ed emotive
che comportano
Considerazioni sulla fisiologia delle immagini in Epicuro. Il contributo del II libro Sulla natura
No full textL'autrice espone le caratteristiche fisiologiche delle immagini in Epicuro quali emergono soprattutto dalla lettura del II libro Sulla natura nei PHerc. 1149/993 e 1783/1691/1010, evidenziando le principali novità rispetto ai testi epicurei di tradizione indiretta
Neuropsychological disorders in non-central nervous system cancer: a review of objective cognitive impairment, depression, and related rehabilitation options
No full textAim: The objective of the present review was to systematically characterize the types of cognitive impairment that are found in different non-brain types of cancer as measured by objective and validated tests, and also to further examine depression and cognitive function in cancer patients and explore their available rehabilitation treatments. Results: A total of 29 articles were reviewed. Most of these studies suggest that chemotherapy as well as the combination of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy can influence cognition in different types of cancer patients. Breast cancer patients appear to be the most affected in neuropsychological function, specifically in terms of cognitive impairment and reduced quality of life, as compared to other non-brain solid tumours. Overall, the most impaired functions were verbal ability, memory, executive function, and motor speed. Conclusion: Chemotherapy-related cognitive dysfunction remains under-recognized and undertreated. The various studies reported differing and non-homogenous findings with mixed results, obtained by self-reporting and web-assisted assessment, with other confounding factors such as age and depression during both cancer diagnosis and treatment. An objective neuropsychological assessment is fundamental to avoid underestimation of the extent of chemobrain. Self-reported and web-assisted assessment may ultimately result in confusion between the neuropsychological signs of chemobrain versus those of depression
Occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychiatric disorders in mild Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment subtypes
No full textNeuropsychiatric disorders are common in cognitively impaired older persons, and associated with institutionalization and caregiver stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Few studies have compared the occurrence of both psychiatric disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes. We aimed to investigate the frequency of psychiatric disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD and MCI patients, compared to controls
When, where, and how the corpus callosum changes in MCI and AD: a multimodal MRI study.
No full textBACKGROUND:
The corpus callosum (CC) has been shown to be susceptible to atrophy in Alzheimer disease (AD) as a correlate of wallerian degeneration or retrogenesis. However, when and where these 2 mechanisms intervene is still unclear.
METHODS:
In 3 memory clinics, we recruited 38 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 38 patients with mild AD, and 40 healthy controls (HC). Combining voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging, we investigated CC white matter (WM) density and fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (DR), and axial diffusivity (DA).
RESULTS:
Compared with HC, patients with amnestic MCI showed reduced WM density in the anterior CC subregion; however, FA, DR, and DA did not differ between the 2 groups. Significant changes were found in patients with mild AD compared with HC in the anterior and posterior CC regions. These differences were evident in both voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging analyses. Specifically, we found reduced callosal WM density in the genu, posterior body, and splenium; decreased FA and increased DR in the anterior CC subregion; and increased DA, with no difference in the FA, in the posterior CC subregion.
CONCLUSIONS:
Callosal changes are already present in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer disease (AD). The precocious involvement of the anterior callosal subregion in amnestic MCI extends to posterior regions in mild AD. Two different mechanisms might contribute to the white matter changes in mild AD: wallerian degeneration in posterior subregions of the corpus callosum (suggested by increased axial diffusivity without fractional anisotropy modifications) and a retrogenesis process in the anterior callosal subregions (suggested by increased radial diffusivity without axial diffusivity modifications)
Callosal atrophy in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: different effects in different stages
No full textWhen, where, and how the corpus callosum changes in MCI and AD
No full textAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects grey matter (GM).
Nevertheless, a number of investigations have documented white matter (WM) pathology associated
with AD. The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest WM fiber bundle in the human brain. It has been
shown to be susceptible to atrophy in AD mainly as a correlate of Wallerian degeneration of
commissural nerve fibers of the neocortex. The aim of this study was to investigate which callosal
regions are affected and whether callosal degeneration is associated with the stage of the disease.
For this purpose, we analyzed high-resolution MRI data of patients with amnesic mild cognitive
impairment (MCI) (n=20), mild AD (n=20), severe AD (n=10), and of healthy controls (n=20).
Callosal morphology was investigated applying two different structural techniques: mesh-based
geometrical modeling methods and whole-brain voxel-based analyses. Our findings indicate
significant reductions in severe AD patients compared to healthy controls in anterior (genu and
anterior body) and posterior (splenium) sections. In contrast, differences between healthy controls
and mild AD patients or amnesic MCI patients were less pronounced and did not survive corrections
for multiple comparisons. When correlating anterior and posterior WM density of the CC with GM
density of the cortex in the severe AD group, we detected significant positive relationships between
posterior sections of the CC and the cortex. We conclude that callosal atrophy is present
predominantly in the latest stage of AD, where two mechanisms might contribute to WM alterations
in severe AD: the Wallerian degeneration in posterior subregions and the myelin breakdown process
in anterior subregions
The Role of Immersive Virtual Reality Interventions in Pediatric Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review across Motor and Cognitive Domains
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Neuropsychiatric predictors of progression from amnestic-mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease: the role of depression and apathy.
No full textAbstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate whether depression or apathy in patients with amnestic-mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases the risk of progressing to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated 131 consecutive memory-clinic outpatients with newly-diagnosed amnestic-MCI (mean age 70.8, SD=6.5). Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed at baseline according to the criteria for depression and apathy in AD. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Follow-up examinations were conducted after six months and annually for four years. Neurologists diagnosed AD at follow-up using NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Cox proportional hazard models with 95% confidence intervals were used to test the hypothesis that apathy or depression increases the risk of developing AD. At baseline, 36.6% amnestic-MCI patients had a diagnosis of depression and 10.7% had apathy. Patients with both amnestic-MCI and an apathy diagnosis had an almost sevenfold risk of AD progression compared to amnestic-MCI patients without apathy (HR=6.9; 2.3-20.6), after adjustment for age, gender, education, baseline global cognitive and functional status, and depression. Furthermore, the risk of developing AD increased 30% per point on the NPI apathy item (HR=1.3; 1.1-1.4). There was no increased risk of developing AD in amnestic-MCI patients with either a diagnosis or symptoms of depression. In conclusion, apathy, but not depression, predicts which patients with amnestic-MCI will progress to AD. Thus, apathy has an important impact on amnestic-MCI and should be considered a mixed cognitive/psychiatric disturbance related to ongoing AD neurodegeneration
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