1,720,984 research outputs found
MICROSTRUCTURAL AND PHASE RATIO EVOLUTION OF SUPER DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS DURING ISOTHERMAL ANNEALING AT 1080°C
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Use of DRI/HBI in ironmaking and steelmaking furnaces
No full textThe iron and steel production processes are characterized by a considerable environmental impact. The reduction of this impact, in particular emissions, is the target of modem society; this goal can be achieved through process optimization. The two main production processes, the blast furnace one and the one from electric arc furnace, are of different specificities and therefore different levers are present in order to decrease the amount of pollutants in the atmosphere. The adoption of pre reduced iron charge for these processes seems to be a good operating practice. A further reduction of pollutants linked to the coke oven batteries can be carried out thanks to the reduction of loaded cast iron within the converter. The decrease of the hot charge means that a lower amount of coal is consequently required. The electrical cycle, due to its structure, has a lower environmental impact, but the maximization of the process yield is a desirable objective for the purpose of a reduction of the environmental impact and economic optimization of such a steel cycle. The direct-reduced iron (DRI), due to its operative flexibility, is a suitable element to achieve this target
Riduzione di fanghi rossi d’allumina mediante fanghi d’altoforno per la produzione di ghisa
No full textPig Iron – Direct Reduced Iron high temperature microstructural interaction
No full textA steelmaking facility (for making products with low residual levels) is forced to use high-quality high-cost prompt scrap. The alternative is to use a combination of the polluted obsolete scrap along with what is generally referred to as clean iron units, such as Pig Iron (PI) or Direct Reduced Iron (DRI). These are raw materials containing little or no residual elements. Indeed, during the usual practice EAF-based producers use DRI, which is produced by the reaction between iron ore and reducing agents, typically from 20 up to 30 % of the charge weight, to improve the metallic charge by diluting impurities introduced by scrap. Due to this, the world’s direct reduction industry continued its solid growth setting a new record each year and it is expected to grow quite considerably over the next few decades.
Since its high carbon content, the charge of PI, typically from 5% up to 60%, results in a significant increase of the carbon content of the resultant steel. Its consequent decarburization, if adequate, allows a maximum recovery energy from CO, since it is an exothermic reaction. This could result as a very important source of chemical energy within the EAF, granting power savings. Moreover, due to the still oxidized 7% volume of DRI, the carburizing environment generated by PI would grant beneficial effects on DRI yield.
After the characterization of both pig iron and DRI, testing trials have been performed in order to evaluate their interaction at high temperatures, simulating their behavior within EAF
Study about the augmented reality adoption in the maintenance in steelmaking area
No full textIn this work a study about the application of the augmented reality in steelmaking area is presented. Augmented reality systems add virtual computer-generated material to the surrounding physical world. The augmented reality systems use see-through headworn displays to overlay graphics and sounds on a person's natural vision and hearing. As the person moves about, the position and orientation of the head is tracked, allowing the overlaid material to remain tied to the physical world. An application and description of prototypes to the training and maintenance of continuous casting machine is described
Steel sponges by powder metallurgy
No full textPorous materials, characterized by cellular structure, have interesting combinations of physical and mechanical properties. In such a context, steel sponges could be employed as alternative to light alloys in several applications needing a good compromise between lightness and mechanical properties. Thanks to their peculiar properties, the sponges have conquered many different technical fields, siding with the conventional materials and spreading along a wide range of applications. In this work, a new approach to produce steel sponges using SiC spheres (space holder) and steel powder is presented. After the process, the ceramic particles were removed by chemical dissolution and the sponges were characterized from a morphological, microstructural and mechanical point of view. The result of the characterization showed the feasibility of the proposed production route
Application of virtual/augmented reality in steelmaking plants layout planning and logistics
No full textIn the past years, Virtual or immersive Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies have largely been developed for the military, although it has been used for commercial purposes as well, especially for the development of virtual museums, exhibitions, games, and other cultural and amusement projects. Moreover, as realistic and productive visual simulation continues to develop, coupled with a drop in prices for image generators, the market for architectural design systems based on AR is expected to rapidly grow. Nowadays, the human-computer interaction, due to its long-established approach, can show drawbacks and limitations of traditional interfaces. Promising alternatives are offered by Virtual or immersive Reality (VR) and by Augmented Reality (AR), enabling humans to behave in a nearly natural way. Natural interaction means human actions in the real world with other humans and/or with real world objects. In order to achieve these results, prototype tools, build on video-based interaction, support construction and plant layout planning. The exploitation of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) has already been studied and used in architecture, construction and logistics, application fields with many common duties to the steelmaking industry. In detail, the best possible configuration and arrangement of all production units and transport systems are necessary prerequisites to maximize productivity. Furthermore, also the rationalization of the logistics is a crucial point in order to achieve both the lowest operating costs and a seamless material flow without bottlenecks. These reasons grant to Facility Layout Planning (FLP) and logistics a very promising scenario for VR/AR employment in steel industry. Consequently, possible on-field applications in a near future have been investigated. Indeed, although the metal industry is still conservative, the need for more efficiency and an overall optimization of whole plants would lead to the integration of these new technologies in the daily practice
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