1,721,245 research outputs found

    Antecedents of Deviant Behavior: Psychological and Non-Psychological Factors and Ethical Justifications

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    An integrative model of ethical justifications in organizations is proposed. The model recognizes the roles of psychological and non-psychological factors on the link between ethical theories and the ethical reasoning and, consequently, on the way operators justify themselves when accused of being against (or not favoring) the good of the company. This study wants to contribute to highlighting the benefits of the prevention of deviant behavior through a more profound comprehension of its antecedents. The analysis confirms the complexity of human beings, and the need for an integrated approach that leads to clarity and coherence among tools (e.g. mission, code of ethics, incentive system), people and among both people and tools. A central role is played by the dissemination of a culture that considers the firm as a real entity, with its own interest, that is separated from that of its stakeholders and which brings the purpose of the common good

    Caratterizzazione di soluzioni operative per spettrofotometri di medio -basso costo"

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    Viene descritta una procedura teorico sperimentale cper la caratterizzazione metrologica di soluzioni tecniche ed operative adatte a strumentazione spettrofotometrica di prestazioni di medio livelloA theoretical and experimental procedure is described concerning the metrological evaluation of a low cost spectro-photomete

    State of the art CRISPR-based strategies for cancer diagnostics and treatment

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    Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology is a groundbreaking and dynamic molecular tool for DNA and RNA “surgery”. CRISPR/Cas9 is the most widely applied system in oncology research. It is a major advancement in genome manipulation due to its precision, efficiency, scalability and versatility compared to previous gene editing methods. It has shown great potential not only in the targeting of oncogenes or genes coding for immune checkpoint molecules, and in engineering T cells, but also in targeting epigenomic disturbances, which contribute to cancer development and progression. It has proven useful for detecting genetic mutations, enabling the large-scale screening of genes involved in tumor onset, progression and drug resistance, and in speeding up the development of highly targeted therapies tailored to the genetic and immunological profiles of the patient’s tumor. Furthermore, the recently discovered Cas12 and Cas13 systems have expanded Cas9-based editing applications, providing new opportunities in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In addition to traditional cis-cleavage, they exhibit trans-cleavage activity, which enables their use as sensitive and specific diagnostic tools. Diagnostic platforms like DETECTR, which employs the Cas12 enzyme, that cuts single-stranded DNA reporters, and SHERLOCK, which uses Cas12, or Cas13, that specifically target and cleave single-stranded RNA, can be exploited to speed up and advance oncological diagnostics. Overall, CRISPR platform has the great potential to improve molecular diagnostics and the functionality and safety of engineered cellular medicines. Here, we will emphasize the potentially transformative impact of CRISPR technology in the field of oncology compared to traditional treatments, diagnostic and prognostic approaches, and highlight the opportunities and challenges raised by using the newly introduced CRISPR-based systems for cancer diagnosis and therapy

    How much is really known about the meaning of the term conflict of interest?

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    Often codes of ethics require dealing with conflict of interests (CoI) without defining the boundaries of the phenomenon. In this case, CoI recognition is left to the discretion of the individual. The aim of this work is to answer to the following research questions: How much is really known about the meaning of the term CoI?; Do individuals share the same CoI definition? In order to address these questions, we use the results of a questionnaire administered to 86 Italian public sector employees, during some training courses on conflict of interests and corruption. The choice of this sample is particularly significant in that the Italian regulation provides for all public employees a code of conduct that requests avoiding, or at least disclosing, the CoI without prior defining the meaning of the term. The results of our analysis show that public employees are uncertain or come to different considerations of what CoI is and is not, consequently they deal with it in different ways. Thus, codes of conduct and ethics trainers should direct more attention on CoI definition, making examples to facilitate its identification and resolution

    I gruppi aziendali tra economia e diritto

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    Il lavoro intende indagare, innanzitutto, gli ambiti di applicazione delle diverse concezioni di gruppo e le loro intersezioni, in modo da pervenire ad una definizione di gruppo in cui gli aspetti economico-aziendali costitutivi siano ben evidenziati nei loro lineamenti generali e gli aspetti giuridici trovino la giusta considerazione, senza sovrapporsi, o addirittura sostituirsi ai primi. La trattazione, inoltre, pone particolare enfasi sulle peculiarità che caratterizzano la direzione strategica di un gruppo rispetto a quella di un’unità che sviluppa la propria combinazione produttiva all’interno di un unico involucro giuridico. Questa analisi risulta quanto mai opportuna, anche alla luce della disciplina contenuta negli art. 2497 e ss., cod. civ., che riguarda la responsabilità della holding derivante dai danni eventualmente cagionati ai creditori sociali e agli azionisti di minoranza delle controllate, per effetto dell’attività di direzione e coordinamento di queste ultime. Non meno impor-tante è il rilievo assunto dalla direzione strategica della controllante nell’ambito della responsabilità amministrativa ex DLgs 231/2001 che la controllante stessa vede in ta-luni casi attribuirsi per reati commessi (es. corruzione di pubblici ufficiali) dalle società controllate. Il binomio tra potere nell’assunzione delle decisioni e responsabilità delle decisioni prese rappresenta uno dei punti centrali nello studio dei gruppi aziendali. Il luogo economico, ma anche giuridico, in cui le decisioni vengono prese (normalmente la holding) potrebbe non coincidere con quello che effettivamente esegue le direttive (la controllata). Anzi, proprio la limitazione della responsabilità patrimoniale è uno dei motivi alla base della costituzione dei gruppi societari. L’indagine sulle caratteristiche della direzione del gruppo consente, altresì, di in-quadrare meglio la definizione dell’area di consolidamento, contenuta nel principio contabile internazionale IAS 27 che, a differenza dell’impostazione accolta nella normativa nazionale (DLgs n. 127/1991), si basa maggiormente su criteri sostanziali, anziché formali. Il titolo del presente lavoro – “I gruppi aziendali tra economia e diritto” – intende, quindi, mettere in evidenza gli stretti legami e le interrelazioni, come pure le differenze, tra gli elementi economico-aziendali e quelli giuridici che caratterizzano i gruppi aziendali
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