16 research outputs found
Complexities of Contact Potential Difference Measurements on Metal Halide Perovskite Surfaces
No full textUnderstanding
the stability of metal halide perovskite (MHP) surfaces
is of considerable interest for the development of devices based on
these materials. We present here a vacuum-based study of the surface
potential and response to illumination of two different types of perovskite
films, methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) and the 2D
Ruddlesden–Popper phase butylammonium lead iodide (BA2PbI4, n = 1), using Kelvin probe-based
contact potential difference and surface photovoltage measurements.
We show that supraband gap light irradiation can induce the loss of
halide species, which adsorb on the Kelvin probe tip, inducing quasi-irreversible
changes of the MHP surface and tip work functions. If undetected,
this can lead to misinterpretations of the MHP surface potential.
Our results illustrate the effectiveness of the Kelvin probe-based
technique in providing complementary information on the energetics
of perovskite surfaces and the necessity to monitor the work function
of the probe to avoid erroneous conclusions when working on these
materials
Birth weight and risk of Type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review of published evidence
No full textBirth weight and risk of Type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review of published evidenc
Birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes: A quantitative systematic review of published evidence
No full textBirth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes: A quantitative systematic review of published evidenc
Temperature effects on metabolic rate and cardiorespiratory physiology of the spiny rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) during rest, emersion and recovery
No full textTemperature effects on metabolic rate and cardiorespiratory physiology of the spiny rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) during rest, emersion and recover
Birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes: A quantitative systematic review of published evidence
No full textBirth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes: A quantitative systematic review of published evidenc
Birth weight and risk of Type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review of published evidence
No full textBirth weight and risk of Type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review of published evidenc
Navigating the future: Strategic management of a mobile aquaculture system with receding-horizon control
No full textThe New Zealand-based Whakapohewa ki ahumoana Reimagining Aquaculture project (funded by the Ministry for
Business, Innovation and Employment Endeavour Fund) lead
by Plant & Food Research, is designing a mobile aquaculture
system for finfish, towed by an autonomous vessel, powered by
renewable energy sources.
This work presents the vessel management strategy for this
mobile aquaculture solution, inspired by receding-horizon control, which uses available weather forecasts to minimize the energy consumption by the autonomous vessel while maintaining
an optimal flow speed through the fish enclosure such that the
optimal biological conditions (e.g. swim speed) for the fish can
be maintained. The simulations performed for a generalized
salmonid fish species cultured in Tasman Bay, New Zealand show
that the food storage capacity of the autonomous vessel is consistently a limiting factor at low swim speeds (≤ 0.4 m s−1), while
energy capacity limits at higher swim speeds. The simulations
highlight how such a strategy allows the system to successfully
shelter from storms and by virtue of going further from its “safe
haven” can maintain optimal conditions for the fish through the
enclosure. We anticipate this work to be a starting point for
more sophisticated management strategies considering engineering criteria, species specific requirements, and environmental
parameters such as temperature and water quality that impact
fish welfare explicitly
Are noise and air pollution related to the incidence of dementia? A cohort study in London, England.
No full textOBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the incidence of dementia is related to residential levels of air and noise pollution in London. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using primary care data. SETTING: 75 Greater London practices. PARTICIPANTS: 130 978 adults aged 50-79 years registered with their general practices on 1 January 2005, with no recorded history of dementia or care home residence. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: A first recorded diagnosis of dementia and, where specified, subgroups of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia during 2005-2013. The average annual concentrations during 2004 of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) were estimated at 20×20 m resolution from dispersion models. Traffic intensity, distance from major road and night-time noise levels (Lnight) were estimated at the postcode level. All exposure measures were linked anonymously to clinical data via residential postcode. HRs from Cox models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking and body mass index, with further adjustments explored for area deprivation and comorbidity. RESULTS: 2181 subjects (1.7%) received an incident diagnosis of dementia (39% mentioning Alzheimer's disease, 29% vascular dementia). There was a positive exposure response relationship between dementia and all measures of air pollution except O3, which was not readily explained by further adjustment. Adults living in areas with the highest fifth of NO2 concentration (>41.5 µg/m3) versus the lowest fifth (<31.9 µg/m3) were at a higher risk of dementia (HR=1.40, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.74). Increases in dementia risk were also observed with PM2.5, PM2.5 specifically from primary traffic sources only and Lnight, but only NO2 and PM2.5 remained statistically significant in multipollutant models. Associations were more consistent for Alzheimer's disease than vascular dementia. CONCLUSIONS: We have found evidence of a positive association between residential levels of air pollution across London and being diagnosed with dementia, which is unexplained by known confounding factors
A meta-analysis of the association between birthweight and coronary heart disease
No full textA meta-analysis of the association between birthweight and coronary heart diseas
