1,720,995 research outputs found
“Lingua, cultura e identità nel discorso turistico” , Nuova Serie – vol. XIX - Anno Accademico 2002-2003, , 2003, 547-567
No full textLontano dall’essere semplicemente il mezzo attraverso il quale si conducono gli affari, il discorso pubblicitario veicola immagini, simboli, rappresentazioni, valori e norme. Esso ci offre anche una visione particolare e orientata del mondo. Nell’imporci definizioni degli individui in particolare e delle categorie sociali in generale, ci propone una trattazione dei concetti dell’identità e dell’alterità. Per Identità intendiamo qui l’identità di un popolo, di una nazione, il potere che la cultura del popolo esercita sulla stessa, e come entrambe vengono percepite e riconosciute dall’Altro, lo straniero. Questo approccio trova posto all’interno della corrente del pensiero linguistico nota come analisi del discorso.
Così come ritiene Teun A. Van Dijk, l’analisi del discorso, in riferimento alla scelta dei suoi orientamenti, soggetti, problemi e pubblicazioni, deve partecipare attivamente al dibattito sociale alla maniera accademica, che le è propria. L’analisi socio-politica del discorso, invece, è principalmente legata ai fatti della società piuttosto che ai paradigmi accademici e studia più precisamente le diverse forme di potere (o d’abuso di potere) nelle relazioni tra i sessi, le razze e le classi, quali il sessismo e il razzismo.
Questo studio si occupa di capire come il discorso prenda forma, esprima, partecipi o con-tribuisca a una sorta di “riproduzione della disuguaglianza” (Teun A. Van Dijk 1996: 21-22), percepita peraltro inizialmente e avente valore puramente descrittivo. Esso consiste in un’analisi della pubblicità scelta all’interno di un corpus di riviste che integra la tematica del viaggio e in senso più ampio dell’esotismo . Lo studio si occuperà inoltre della costruzione dell’immagine del viaggiatore e della viaggiatrice, così come degli ospiti locali, gli indigeni, l’altro, ovverosia del sopraccitato concetto dell’identità (e quindi dell’alterità), e dell’influenza della cultura sulla stessa. Un’attenzione particolare verrà dedicata alla rappresentazione della donna nella pubblicità turistica in modo da stabilire in quale misura il discorso turistico, sull’esempio di altri tipi di pubblicità, ritragga la donna nel farla diventare un mero oggetto del desiderio, un’esca. L’analisi del contenuto di un messaggio pubblicitario ci permette infatti l’individuazione delle discriminazioni sessuali, etniche, razziste, religiose, ecc., nonché l’evidenziazione dei presupposti, pregiudizi e stereotipi, impliciti o espliciti, presentati .
Particolare attenzione verrà altresì dedicata ad alcune caratteristiche linguistiche riscon-trabili nelle guide turistiche: gli stereotipi, i paragoni, le citazioni, i cliché di denominazione (Margarito 2000), e al problema della traduzione.
Per poter affrontare uno studio adeguato della lingua, della cultura e dell’identità nel di-scorso turistico occorre in primo luogo definire cosa s’intende per comunicazione turistica, quali siano le sue determinanti e capirne l’elevata complessità
L’immagine della Sardegna nella stampa britannica
No full textLo scopo di questo studio sarà evidenziare la rappresentazione della Sardegna nella stampa inglese dal 1 novembre 2005 al 31 ottobre 2006. Attraverso un’analisi quanti-qualitativa del corpus, composto da circa 181 tra quotidiani e settimanali internazionali (ad esempio, The Financial Times, The Economist, The Guardian, The Independent), quotidiani nazionali e locali, riviste come The Spectator e The Observer, si cercherà di dedurre quale percezione hanno gli inglesi della Sardegna, delle sue tradizioni storico-culturali, culinarie, e non solo.
Una tale ricerca fa parte di un lavoro più ampio, iniziato qualche hanno fa, in collaborazione con la Prof.ssa Luisanna Fodde, sul linguaggio del turismo, che prende in esame un corpus di sette guide turistiche anglosassoni sulla Sardegna, insieme ad alcuni siti internet pubblici e privati che promuovono l’isola. Si tratta di uno studio molto interessante da due punti di vista: linguistico, con l’analisi delle strategie comunicative e prettamente linguistiche che emergono dai testi (classi di parole utilizzate, il rapporto tra scrittore e lettore/viaggiatore, gli stereotipi, l’ironia e le forme colloquiali, ecc.); ideologico, che mette in evidenza affinità e diversità tra la cultura anglosassone e quella sarda. Paradossalmente, nell’analizzare il materiale ci siamo sentite turiste nella nostra terra.
Dopo una breve analisi del linguaggio giornalistico e della struttura delle notizie, lo studio prenderà in esame il corpus dal punto di vista quantitativo. Seguirà poi un’analisi qualitativa, con una maggiore attenzione ai giornali rilevanti per qualità o per quantità, rispetto allo scopo precipuo della presente ricerca
The representation of Sardinia in its tourism websites: a multimodal analysis
No full textThe aim of this study is to analyze the communication strategies of some websites produced by the Regione Autonoma della Sardegna (the Sardinian government site - www.regione.sardegna.it, from now also RS), the Ente Sardo Industrie Turistiche (ESIT – the Sardinian tourist board site www.esit.net, from now also ES), and some others, such as the private site www.hellosardinia.com (from now also HS), and to compare them with the data collected on English tourist guides1.
It will start by investigating the concept of communication and in particular of tourist communication according to authors such as Watzlavick, Stevens, Boyer and Viallon, Cogno and Dall’Ara. Then it will focus on a multi-modal analysis of Sardinian tourist websites: what advertising and communication strategies are implemented, what type of language and language strategies are employed, what images are shown to portray a peculiar representation of the island: sea, sun, and sand on the one side, the aspects and patterns of the cultural identity and uniqueness of Sardinia and its people, on the other.
Of course, this analysis must be carried out in a cross-cultural dimension, whereas a culture uses specific linguistic features (stereotypes, comparison, clichés, irony, etc.) to present itself to another culture, as in the case of Sardinian websites. At the same time a culture uses specific linguistic features to represent a different culture, as in the English tourist guides on Sardinia.
As we all know, the portrayed image of a destination becomes the destination itself in the mind of the tourist. Who is the tourist? Who is the addressee of the tourist website? What is the relationship and the involvement of both the addressee and the addresser? This study will try to answer these and further questions
Review of Jennifer Laing and Warwick Frost, Books and Travel: Inspiration, Quests and Transformation (2012)
No full textJennifer Laing and Warwick Frost’s Inspiration, Quests and Transformation is a fascinating, well-written and well-planned book on literary tourism and on how literature influences the tourist experience, by framing it, building and transmitting the tourist gaze (Urry 2002), by constructing the destination itself (Reijnders 2011) and preparing contact with the visited. Authenticity and reality are also strengthened through literature as the tourist becomes acquainted with the destination and perceives it as more authentic and real. Moreover, this allows a deeper understanding of one’s own culture.
The authors investigate many different genres, in diverse periods of time, along the concept of literary tourism as the main thread. They use many stimulating, catchy and smart, classic and modern examples of fictional narrative.
The book tries to answer some main questions: why do books attract tourists to specific places? Why do books have a far greater influence on the motivations for travel and tourism
English Morphological Typology
No full textDefining Grammar and its role in the structure of language is not an easy task. In general, grammar is considered to be the language framework or skeleton. The truth is that, when studying grammar, the resulting patterning and relationships are various and complex. Therefore, sometimes people, firstly, look for units (e.g. words, clauses, sentences) in the speech flow, and, secondly, investigate the patterns governing these units. According to the elected unit, we will have different definitions of grammar. Noam Chomsky considers grammar as “a device of some sort for producing the sentences of the language under analysis” (Noam Chomsky in Crystal 1998: 89). Within this broad viewpoint, there are two main positions towards a definition of grammar: one identifies grammar as a branch of language structure, being the others phonology and semantics; the second uses grammar as the general term divided into phonology, syntax and semantics. Morphology is traditionally differentiated from syntax which copes with the rules governing the combination of words in sentences.
In Generative Grammar, morphology and syntax are not separated, and the syntactic rules of grammar apply to the structure of words, phrases and sentences. Morphology individually comes out only when we need to represent phonologically the output of the syntactic element.
The aim of this study is to analyze English morphological typology. After introducing morphology, it will present the five morphological language types and their features, and thirdly, the English language will be put into context, and its most important morphological attributes will be investigated
The island of Sardinia from travel books to travel guides. The evolution of a genre
No full textThe tourist guide, a companion to a journey, exercises a sort of maternal function (Margarito 2000). However, it is also a device for the tourism industry to unambiguously control and lead the tourist towards specific destinations (Dann 1996). The present study will focus on the evolution of tourism texts from travel books to travel guides, from the detailed description of a destination with a thorough personal involvement of the writer to texts providing more accessible, practical and objective information. Tourist guides, mainly informative texts, ultimately promote a destination and persuade the traveller to undertake a certain voyage.
After introducing the concepts of the travel guide as a genre and its birth and evolution from travel literature, the present paper will focus on the main characteristics of the semiotic patterns and linguistic strategies present in a corpus of 19th-century travel books and of travel guides on the island of Sardinia
A multimodal investigation of tourist texts and cityscapes
No full textFor the process of constructing meaning, we need two systems of representation: a system by which anything is correlated with a set of concepts or mental representations and language. Our concepts are well organised, arranged and classified into the complex relations with one another: a conceptual system. Meaning depends on the relationship between things in the world – real or fictional – and the conceptual system, which can operate as their mental representations (Hall 2002: 17-18). Conceptual maps can be different from one person to another, and that is why people understand and interpret in different ways. But, if people may share the same conceptual maps in general, they will interpret the world in similar ways, and, therefore, will probably belong to the same culture.
To communicate these shared meanings in an efficient and effective way, people need a shared language to represent and exchange meanings and concepts. The shared conceptual map must be translated into a common language in order to link concepts and ideas with written words, spoken sounds or visual images, that is to say signs. Therefore, participants in any meaningful exchange must be able to use the same linguistic code. The expression ‘linguistic code’ refers to language as a system of representation where its elements – sounds, words, notes, gestures, expressions, images, etc. – signify meaning. Representation is really the relation between things, concepts and signs, which the others can perceive, decode and interpret in the same way as we do.
The participants in this dialogic process must also be able to read visual images in similar ways. Images, as well as words and sounds, allow us to communicate meanings and concepts to other people (ibidem). It might appear, at first sight, that in the case of visual language the relationship between the concept and the sign is simpler, more straightforward than in the case of written or spoken language, where most words do not look nor sound as the things they refer to. Visual signs, instead, are iconic signs: “they bear a certain resemblance to the things they refer to” (Hall 2002: 20).
This study aims at investigating how cultural meanings are constructed and transmitted in some websites and travel guides on Sardinia. Tourist-tourism texts belong to the genre of specialized discourse, as they include texts produced by tourist professionals
Cross-cultural Representations in Tourism Discourse: The Case of the Island of Sardinia.
No full textTourism is a cross-cultural dialogic process. On the one hand we find the traveller/tourist, who explores new territories and new spaces, eager to leave and conquer them, to encounter and to discover new worlds, new languages and new discourses. On the other hand, we find the promoters of tourist destinations who accompany them throughout this discovery by revealing peculiar aspects and patterns of their cultural identity.
The process of meaning construction requires two systems of representation: one by which reality is associated with a series of concepts or mental representations. The other is the language system whereby such representations are conveyed.
The present book aims at showing what kind of cultural meanings are constructed in English tourist communication. In particular, it will concentrate on the institutional and corporate media addressing the Italian island of Sardinia, and on how such meanings are represented and transmitted through verbal and visual language
Gazing at Italy from the east: A multimodal analysis of Malaysian tourist blogs
Full text linkThis paper investigates Malaysian tourist perceptions about Italy and their crosscultural representations (Hall 2002) through blogs. Bloggers hold a dynamic role in communicating the cultural meanings they build through both tourist texts and images. Therefore, the analysis starts by focusing on the features of blogs as a new digital genre, as they have emerged with the development of the Internet, displaying an intermingling of posts, commentaries and links, thus building a sense of community through interpersonal communication (Garzone 2012). To this purpose, it examines the textual organisation, the participant relationships and the communicative purposes of the tourist blogs taken into account (Orlikowski and Yates 1994; Bhatia 2005; Lemke 2005 and 2009). It looks at the language used to portray Italy, together with its semiotic patterns, in order to identify the image of the land, beliefs, ideas and impressions inherent in the relationship between the Malaysian tourist and the destination itself. Particular attention is devoted to the analysis of the perception of authenticity
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