1,720,999 research outputs found
Industria alimentare
No full textLa scheda contiene la descrizione sintetica dei principali cicli produttivi nel settore dell'industria alimentare ed evidenzia per ciascun ciclo produttivo i principali fattori di rischio per la salute dei lavoratori
Metalmeccanica
No full textLa scheda contiene la descrizione sintetica dei principali cicli produttivi nel settore dell'industria metalmeccanica ed evidenzia per ciascun ciclo produttivo i principali fattori di rischio per la salute dei lavoratori
Respiratory occupational allergies: the experience of the Hospital Operative Unit of Occupational Medicine in Lombardy from 1990 to 1998
No full textA retrospective study on occupational rhinitis and asthma diagnosed in 7 occupational health institutes in Lombardia (North-West Italy) was performed using a standardized card. 141 cases of rhinitis and 281 cases of asthma due to sensitization to occupational agents were analyzed and their clinical characteristics, aetiology, diagnostic methods and associated allergic diseases were determined. In this population the most frequent agents of occupational rhinitis were wheat flour and latex, whereas those of occupational asthma were latex and isocyanate. More than half of the subjects had more than one clinical manifestation of allergy. In 92 out of the 281 asthmatic patients rhinitis was the first clinical manifestation, particularly in subjects sensitized to high molecular weight substances, and preceded, asthma by 12 months as a mean. Specific bronchial provocation tests were useful for the diagnosis of asthma in 153 of the asthmatic patients and 45 of them had an isolated late bronchial reaction following the specific stimulus. At diagnosis 61 subjects (21.7%) had FEV1 < 80% of predicted; factors associated to ventilatory impairment were sensitization to high molecular weight substances, duration of exposure to the sensitizing agent, persistence of exposure after onset of symptoms
Bronchial reactivity to methacholine in HIV-infected individuals without AIDS
No full textTo evaluate bronchial reactivity to methacholine in human immunodeficiency virus (W) infection, we submitted 25 HIV-seropositive subjects without full-blown AIDS and 25 HIV-seronegative subjects, all inmates in a drug rehabili- tation center for previous intravenous drug abuse, to interview and to bronchial challenge with methacholine. Four (16 percent) HIV-seropositive and three (12 percent) HIV-seronegative subjects noted bronchospastic symptoms. Baseline FEV, and MEF50 percent were within the normal range in every patient. Bronchial hyperreactivity to meth- acholine (PD20FEV,<1,400 pg) was found in two (8 per- cent) HIV-seropositive and in four (16 percent) HIV-sero- negative subjects, with no significant difference in the frequency between the two groups. We conclude that HIV infection without AIDS in intravenous drug users does not appear to be associated with an increased frequency of bronchospastic disorders and to bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine
Effect of salbutamol and inhaled sodium cromoglycate on the airway and neutrophil chemotactic activity in "fog"induced bronchospasm
No full textTo investigate whether salbutamol and sodium cromoglycate (SCG) inhibit airway response and the associated mediator release induced by ultrasonic nebulation of distilled water (UNDW, "fog"), we measured the serum neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) during bronchial challenge with "fog" with and without premedication with placebo, salbutamol, or SCG in 10 subjects with asthma, in four sets of studies. To assess changes in airway caliber, we measured FEV1. To assess changes in NCA, we measured the maximal distance reached by neutrophils in a filter when neutrophils were challenged with the subject's serum in a Boyden chamber. Treatment with placebo did not change baseline FEV1 or serum NCA; however, FEV1 decreased and serum NCA increased (p less than 0.05) after inhalation of "fog". Treatment with SCG did not affect either FEV1 and baseline serum NCA. After inhalation of "fog", no significant bronchoconstriction nor NCA increase was observed in eight of 10 patients with maximal mean percent decrease in FEV1 of -4.26, SEM 0.99, and maximal mean percent increase in NCA of +8.6, SEM 5.28. In the two patients who developed a bronchoconstriction after challenge with SCG pretreatment, an associated significant increase in NCA was observed but did not affect baseline NCA. After inhalation of "fog", no significant decrease in FEV1 (maximal mean percent decrease FEV1, -6.71, SEM 0.17) nor significant increase in serum NCA (maximal mean percent increase NCA, +3.6, SEM 7.1) was observed in nine of 10 patients. After salbutamol, only one patient developed a bronchoconstrictive response to "fog" associated with a significant increase in serum NCA. These results suggest that both SCG and salbutamol may prevent the bronchoconstriction induced by "fog" by inhibiting mediator release
Effect of nifedipine on hyperreactive bronchial responses to methacholine
No full textRecent reports in the literature suggest that disorders in the regulation of calcium ion concentration in airway smooth muscle may be at the basis of bronchial hyperreactivity. In order to evaluate whether nifedipine, a calcium channel blocking drug, could alter the bronchial reactivity to methacholine, nine patients suffering from occupational asthma were submitted to bronchial challenge with methacholine with and without premedication with nifedipine, 20 mg sublingually. The bronchial responses were followed by measuring FEV1 by means of a bell spirometer. The provocation dose of methacholine capable to induce a 15% decrease of FEV1, (PD15FEV1) was considered the bronchial threshold dose for each subject. Average PD15FEV1 increased from 310.6 micrograms (SD = 191.7) in the test without premedication with nifedipine to 1,012.3 micrograms (SD = 640.0) in the test with premedication (P less than .01). Subjectively, all the patients showed better tolerance to the bronchoconstriction during the test with nifedipine. Our data indicate that nifedipine decreases bronchial reactivity to methacholine
Effect of salbutamol and inhaled sodium chromoglycate on the airway and neutrophil chemotactic activity in “fog”-induced bronchospasm
No full textNeurotrasmettitori nelle vie aeree: caratterizzazione farmacologica del sistema non adrenergico non colinergico inibitorio nella trachea di cavia
No full textIn order to characterize the role of nitric oxide (NO), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), ATP and carbon monoxide (CO) in the neurally mediated EFS-induced relaxation of isolated guinea-pig trachea, we evaluated the relaxing responses before and after treatment with known blockers of either synthesis or action of each mediator. The role of NO and ATP was shown to be both significant and similar. Peptide mediators did not show a significant role. The role of CO was shown only incases of blockage of the other mediators. In conclusion, apart from the most well-known mediators, at least two other mediators, i.e. ATP, or a related purine, and CO, are involved in the NANC relaxation of guinea-pig trachea
Effetto dell'esposizione a persolfato d'ammonio e a ovalbumina sul controllo inibitorio non adrenergico non colinergico (NANC) nelle vie aeree di cavia
No full textToluene diisocyanate-induced asthma: clinical findings and bronchial responsiveness studies in 113 exposed subjects with work-related respiratory symptoms
No full textWe report the clinical findings and the results of inhalation challenge with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methacholine in 113 subjects with a history of exposure to TDI and work-related respiratory symptoms. Only some of the subjects (40.7%) had isocyanate asthma, diagnosed by a positive TDI inhalation challenge. Most reactors had a dual (30.4%) or a late (41.3%) response. The interval between the last occupational exposure and the specific challenge was significantly shorter in reactors, and among this group the number of immediate reactions to TDI decreased progressively with an increasing interval. The reactors had a significantly higher proportion of positive responses to methacholine and a significantly lower mean PD15 FEV-1 (provocative dose of methacholine which provoke a 15% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second) (reactors: 557 micrograms, SEM 92.3; nonreactors: 1346 micrograms, SEM 128, P less than .01). Methacholine challenge could not identify subjects with isocyanate asthma
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