5,639 research outputs found
La psicopatologia genitoriale. Ansia e depressione perinatale
No full textIl periodo perinatale, che si estende dalla gravidanza fino al primo anno di vita del bambino, può rappresentare per la madre un momento di grande rischio per lo sviluppo o l’esacerbazione di disturbi dell’umore, di disturbi ansiosi e di psicosi, con sofferenze in grado non solo di compromettere l’equilibrio psicologico femminile, ma anche di influire negativamente a livello della relazione di coppia e dell’interazione madre-bambino, talvolta ostacolando anche il normale sviluppo infantile. Considerando sia il periodo della gravidanza sia quello del post partum (periodi che, appunto, il termine “perinatale” include), in letteratura compaiono numerosi studi che esplorano in maniera approfondita le caratteristiche della depressione e dell’ansia in entrambi i momenti, evidenziando differenze e somiglianze. In particolar modo, si è assistito a un’esplorazione, attraverso ricerche trasversali e longitudinali, del quadro psicopatologico su più livelli, attraverso l’identificazione sia dei fattori di rischio sia della valutazione dell’incidenza. Gli studi, svolti in contesti europei ed extraeuropei, concordano sulla rilevante incidenza del disagio ansioso e depressivo sia in gravidanza sia nel post partum e, quindi, sulla necessità di articolare protocolli di intervento psicologico e sociale che prevengano e diminuiscano il rischio psicopatologico
Relazione tra Inibizione Comportamentale valutata da madri e insegnanti e competenze metafonologiche.
No full textBenessere emozionale della donna nel periodo prenatale
No full textLa letteratura internazionale degli ultimi decenni ha ben documentato le conseguenze negative che depressione e ansia nella madre, in epoca prenatale, possono indurre sullo stato materno nel periodo post partum e sul successivo sviluppo del bambino (Brand, Brennan, 2009) In particolare, un crescente interesse è stato rivolto ad uno specifico aspetto della sintomatologia ansiosa, le ansie specifiche alla gravidanza (Pregnancy Related Anxieties, PRA), indicate tra i più importanti predittori di esiti negativi nello sviluppo del bambino (Dunkel Schetter, Tanner, 2012).
Il presente studio si propone di valutare nel periodo prenatale la prevalenza di sintomatologia ansiosa, depressiva e la fenomenologia delle PRA, non ancora adeguatamente indagate nel contesto italiano.
Durante i corsi di accompagnamento al parto organizzati dal Consultorio Familiare AUSL di Cesena (FC), sono state reclutate 140 donne al terzo trimestre di gravidanza (nazionalità italiana, in prevalenza primipare, coniugate e di istruzione medio-alta). Le gestanti hanno compilato: STAI-Y (Spielberger et al., 1983) per la valutazione della sintomatologia ansiosa di stato e tratto, l’EPDS (Cox et al., 1987) per la rilevazione della sintomatologia depressiva e il PRAQ-R (Huizink et al., 2004), per indagare la presenza di ansie specifiche alla gravidanza (es. parto, aspetto fisico).
L’analisi statistica dei dati è in corso ed i principali risultati saranno presentati al congresso.
BIBLIOGRAFIA
Brand, S.R., Brennan, P.A. (2009), Impact of antenatal and postpartum maternal mental illness: how are the children?. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 52, 441-455.
Cox, J.L., Holden, J.M., Sagovsky, R. (1987), Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10 item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 782-786.
Dunkel Schetter, C.,Tanner L. (2012), Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: implication for mothers, children, research, and practice. Current Opinion of Psychiatry, 25, 141-148.
Huizink, A.C., Mulder, E.J.H., de Medina, P.G.R., Visser, G.H.A., Buitelaar, J.K. (2004), Is pregnancy anxiety a distinctive syndrome?. Early Human Development, 79, 91-91
Early interactive behaviours in preterm infants and their mothers: Influences of maternal depressive symptomatology and neonatal birth weight
No full textThe study evaluated the quality of preterm infant–mother interactions, considering severity of birth weight (ELBW and VLBW) and maternal depression, compared to full term babies. 69 preterm infants (29 ELBW and 40 VLBW) and 80 full-term (FT) infants and their mothers were recruited. At 3 months of corrected age, the quality of mother–infant interaction was evaluated through Global Rating Scales; moreover, infant level of development and maternal depression were assessed through Griffith Development Mental Scales and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results showed adequate sensitivity in preterm infants’ mothers and higher involvement with their infants, compared to full term mothers, but ELBW ones exhibited an intrusive interactive pattern and a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. The study underlined the relevance of paying special attention to both ELBW infants and their mothers, in order to support the parenting role and the co-construction of early interactions
How are preschool children perceived? Relations among behavioural inhibition, temperament and cognitive performances
No full textThe present work aims at verifying the existence of such relations, focusing attention on the Behavioural Inhibition (BI) temperamental trait, recognised in literature as a risk factor for the development of social phobia in adolescence (Biederman et al., 2001; Rotge et al., 2011). The sample consists of 100 3 to 5 year old children and the teachers and parents. Direct measurements on the child were used to assess cognitive abilities (IQ and linguistic abilities) and the perceptions of teachers and parents, regarding child temperament and Behavioural Inhibition, were assessed and compared. The instruments used were the Behavioural Inhibition Questionnaire (Bishop et al., 2003), the Italian Questionnaires of Temperament (Axia, 2002), the Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (Raven et al., 1998), two subscales from the Metaphonological Competences (Marotta et al., 2008), and the Non-Word Repetition (Vicari, 2008). The results suggest the parents and teachers have a significantly different perception of children, regarding certain temperamental dimensions. The teachers perceive the children as having a higher level of Behavioural Inhibition and Attention, compared to the perception of parents, while the former describe the children as having higher levels of Inhibition towards Novelty, Negative Emotionality and Motor Activity. Regarding cognitive abilities, children with a higher IQ are perceived as less inhibited towards noveltyby mothers and teachers. In summary, the difference in perception between parents and teachers could be hypothesised to be tied to the different observational context and to the different role, which might indicate a more complete perception of child temperament in teachers. Further research is needed to better study these aspects
Fobia sociale materna: dinamiche relazionali ed esiti sullo sviluppo infantile
No full textLa fobia sociale (Fs) tende a trasmettersi a livello familiare. Nonostante sia presente una certa evidenza nei meccanismi genetici coinvolti nella trasmissione intergenerazionale, si stima che il contributo ereditario spieghi solo una moderata varianza dei fattori responsabili allo sviluppo, mentre al contributo ambientale è riconosciuto un ruolo rilevante nella genesi e nel mantenimento del disturbo. Obiettivo: Obiettivo di questa rassegna è approfondire la componente ambientale, indagando come la presenza di Fs nella madre risulti in grado di condizionare lo sviluppo del bambino attraverso particolari
dinamiche relazionali (parenting style). Metodologia: Dopo aver descritto il contesto teorico di riferimento,
sono stati presi in rassegna i principali lavori che hanno analizzato l’influenza della fobia sociale
sulla relazione madre-bambino e sullo sviluppo infantile. Discussione critica e conclusioni: L’analisi dei
contributi teorici e sperimentali, sottolineando la reciproca influenza ad opera di elementi costituzionali ed
ambientali, conferma l’importanza di adottare un modello integrato di analisi per comprendere, in presenza
dell’inibizione sociale materna, le possibili traiettorie dello sviluppo infantile
Paternal trait anxiety during antenatal period: which relationship with maternal prenatal state?
No full textIntroduction The transition to parenthood can be a difficult period not only for women but for men too. Even if less investigated, literature reports, for high anxiety symptoms in men, a prevalence of 20% during their partner's pregnancy, with a high correlation with woman's symptoms (Matthey et al., 2003).
Method The present study aimed at estimating prevalence of antenatal trait anxiety symptoms in a sample of Italian men and investigating the relationship with maternal variables (mood, anxiety and obstetric characteristics). 137 men (mean age: 35.6 ±5.8) attending antenatal classes with their partner were recruited during last trimester of pregnancy. Men completed STAI-T (Spielberger, 1983), for trait anxiety; their partners filled out EPDS (Cox et al., 1987), for depressive symptoms, PRAQ scale (Huizink et al., 2004) for pregnancy specific anxieties, STAI for state and trait anxiety and SPS-SIAS for social anxiety (Mattick & Clarke, 1998). Results High trait anxiety was present in 21.9% of men (n=30) (STAI-T>40). High- and low-trait anxious men showed similar sociodemographic
characteristics (age, civil status, parity, planning pregnancy). Compared to men with low anxiety (n=107), partners of high anxious men presented significantly higher levels of trait anxiety (p<0.05) too, while no significant differences were detected for state anxiety, social anxiety and depressive symptomatology. Regarding pregnancy specific anxieties, women with high trait anxious partners showed a higher anxiety about their physical changes due to pregnancy (p<0.05). No differences emerged on obstetric outcomes between high trait and low trait anxious men.
Conclusions High prevalence of trait anxiety symptoms in our male sample underlines the importance to assess paternal mood in the transition to parenthood (Cornish et al., 2008). Our results add new evidence to literature about how paternal anxiety is linked, other than to maternal trait anxiety, also to specific pregnancy anxieties
Antenatal Depressive Symptoms Associated with Specific Life Events and Sources of Social Support Among Italian Women
No full textThis study aimed to identify different kinds of stressful life events and social support associated with antenatal depressive symptoms in a sample of pregnant Italian women. We conducted the study at a primary health-care centre in an urban area (northeast Italy). Mainly recruited at antenatal classes, 404 eligible pregnant women completed a socio-demographic questionnaire that included questions about the present pregnancy, the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire to investigate the quality and nature of social support and recent negative life events. Of the 404 women, 60 (14.9 %) scored 13 or higher on the EDS. This group reported significantly lower social support from various sources-family, friends, and significant others; only in primiparous women were depressive symptoms significantly related to lower support from friends. Women with EDS scores equal or higher than 13 also reported a higher occurrence of recent stressful life events-specifically, death or a serious problem with a close friend or relative, unemployment, financial problems, and moving or housing difficulties. Regression analyses showed that women with high levels of social support or with a positive experience of pregnancy were less likely to experience antenatal depressive symptoms. Our results underscore the associations among antenatal depression, specific life stressors, and low social support from various sources. Clinical attention to these psychosocial correlates is recommended toward detecting vulnerability to antenatal depressive symptoms
Early interactive behaviors in preterm infants and their mothers: influences of maternal posttraumatic stress and infant development
No full textIntroduction Literature reports difficulties in mother-preterm infant interactions, especially in case of maternal post-traumatic stress (PTSD). While previous studies investigated the effects on interactions from the sixth month, there is a lack concerning the first months. The study aimed at evaluating the relationship between maternal PTSD, infant development and dyadic interactions.
Method at 3 months of c.a., 60 preterm babies and their mothers were invited to our Laboratory, where 5 minutes of face-to-face mother-infant interaction were video-recorded and later coded according to the Global Ratings Scale (GRS-Murray et al., 1996). GRS assesses 3 interactive dimensions: Mother scales, Infant scales, Interaction. Maternal PTSD and infant’s level of development were assessed through the Perinatal Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ-Quinnell, Hynan, 1999) and the Griffiths Mental Development Scale (GMDS-Griffith, 1996), respectively. Exclusion criteria were: gestational age >32 weeks, birth weight >1500 grams, presence of congenital malformations, cerebral palsy, evident parental psychiatric illness, foreign nationality.
Results Sixteen (26.7%) mothers were experiencing a high level of traumatic stress, as showed by high-score (>19) at PPQ. During the interactions, mothers with PTSD appeared less sensitive (p=0.042), accepting (p=0.01) and relaxed (p=0.05); their infants appeared less engaged with environment (p=0.042), more distressed (p=0.05) and fretful (p=0.039). No significant associations emerged between the quality of interactive patterns and the infant’s level of development (p>0.05).
Conclusions Results confirmed the traumatic impact of premature birth and its influence on mother–infant early interactive behavior. Early diagnosis of symptoms can help to plan supportive interventions in the neonatal period, to promote appropriate parent-infant interactions
Early Interactions and Preterm Birth: Specific Patterns of Mother-Infant Interactions at 3 Months
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