1,720,997 research outputs found
EVALUATION OF THE DEGRANULATION PROCESS INDUCED BY NKP46 STIMULATION IN DIFFERENT NK CELL SUBSETS
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Allegoria. performatività e disambientazione nella ricezione femminile dell’Antigone di Sofocle
No full textBiological surface properties in extracellular vesicles and their effect on cargo proteins
No full textUltracentrifugationon sucrose density gradientappears to be the best purification protocol for extracellular vesicle (EVs) purification. After this step, to reduce disulfide bridges linking exogenous proteins to the vesicles, the collected samples are routinely washed and treated with dithiothreitol (DTT). Such incubations are performed at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 95 °C, with either Tris or PBS as buffers. We re-investigated these steps on both exosomes and microvesicles purified from blood (serum) and urine by electrophoretic separation, silver staining and western blots analysis. Data confirm that an extra centrifugation on a sucrose cushion can effectively eliminate contaminants. Tris buffer (50 Mm) and β-mercaptoethanol as a reducing agent at room temperature dramatically improved either sample cleaning. By contrast, especially for exosomes PBS buffer and DTT, above 37 °C, caused massive protein aggregations, yielding blurred SDS-PAGE gels in both samples. Immuno-blot analyses demonstrated that in PBS-DTT contamination with albumin (in serum) or with uromodulin (in urine) occurs. DTT, likely due to its two-SH groups, might form scrambled SS-bonds promoting EVs interaction with environmental macromolecules via disulphide bridges. Therefore, to obtain maximum vesicle purity for biomarker investigations and to maximize both presence of EVs proteins and their accessibility, use of DTT is not recommended
CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY EVALUATION OF THE POLARIZATION INDUCED BY DIFFERENT NK ACTIVATORY AND CO-ACTIVATORY RECEPTORS
No full textImpact of COVID-19 pandemic on general surgery training program: An Italian experience
Full text linkThe outbreak of COVID-19 infection in Italy started in late February with a rapid and dramatic spread. The hospitals in the most hit regions of Northern Italy started modifying their working schedule and, on the March 9, 2020, the Government approved the lock-down of the whole Country in order to minimize the further spread of the infection and to optimize health-care resources. This drastic measure transformed all hospitals activities, including suspension of all non-urgent outpatient visits and postponable sur- geries. The aim of this paper is to evaluate how this new organiza- tion affected the role of residents in their last year of training at a General Surgery Department in a tertiary center of North-East Italy (Trieste)
Comprehensive Phenotyping of Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes in Healthy Mice
No full textT lymphocytes play a central role in antigen-specific immune responses. They modulate the function of different immune cells both through a direct contact (receptor binding) and through the secretion of cytokines. At the same time, they are deeply involved in the direct killing of aberrant target cells. T lymphocytes derive from a bone marrow precursor that migrates in the thymus where the main differentiation steps take place. Mature CD4 and CD8 single-positive cells, then, leave the thymus to reach the secondary lymphoid organs. T-cell subsets and their maturation steps can be identified mainly based on the expression of extracellular markers, intracellular transcription factors and cytokine production profiles. In this review, we report, from a cytometric point of view, an overview of the most important T-cell subpopulations and their differentiation state. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Comprehensive Phenotyping of Human PB NK Cells by Flow Cytometry
No full textThe NK cell compartment provides powerful innate defenses against virus-infected and tumor cells. Specific NK cell receptors control this process and maintain the immune system homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. A wide variety of NK cell subsets with different functional capabilities exist and this reflects not only the different maturation stages of NK cells but also different microenvironments in which they can operate. In this review, we will give an overview on the various NK cell subsets present in peripheral blood of healthy donors in order to clearly and univocally identify them on the basis of their phenotypic traits using flow cytometry. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
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