1,721,019 research outputs found

    Effects of microplastics on the functional traits of aquatic benthic organisms: A global-scale meta-analysis

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    Microplastics are widespread in the aquatic environment and thus available for many organisms at different trophic levels. Many scientific papers focus their attention on the study of the effects of microplastics on different species at individual level. Here we performed a global scale meta-analysis focusing our work on the study of the effect of microplastics on the functional traits of aquatic benthic organisms. Overall, microplastics showed a moderate negative effect on the examined functional traits of benthic organisms. Our results show that some crucial functional traits, such as those linked to behaviour and feeding, appear to be unaffected by microplastics. In contrast, traits related to the capacity of organisms to assimilate energy are affected. Moreover, traits with possible effects at population level appear to be negatively affected by microplastics. We discuss how the direct impact of organismal performance may have indirect repercussions at higher levels in the ecological hierarchy and represent a risk for the stability and functioning of the ecosystem

    Plankton community structure and dynamics versus physical structure from Terra Nova Bay to Ross Ice Shelf (Antarctica).

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    During the austral summer 1997/1998, an oceanographic cruise was carried out on a large-scale grid in the Ross Sea. In this contribution, we focused our attention on the coastal area from the Terra Nova Bay (TBN) polynya to the eastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS). We analyzed picoplankton, nanoplankton and microplankton fractions, with particular regard to heterotrophy versus autotrophy and the size-based partitioning of living carbon. Plankton dynamics were closely associated with hydrological features: (1) diatom blooms were confined to the ice-edge TNB polynya, (2) Phaeocystis dominance was confined to the lower salinity surface waters, diluted by the RIS and the Drygalsky Ice Tongue, (3) heterotrophic communities prevailed in the warmer surface waters of the Drygalsky basin, where most of the living carbon was associated with tintinnids (namely Codonellopsis gaussi). Phaeocystis distribution suggested that low salinities may be the main driving force in enhancing their develo
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