1,721,034 research outputs found
Prevention and diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a regional survey in Italy
No full textn/
Elimination half-life may explain the relative efficacy of boceprevir and telaprevir in the treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 1
No full textLow dosage liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of Candida infections in critically ill patients.
Full text linkMetodi per la stima delle giornata di degenze delle infezioni correlate all'assistenza: una comparazione di metodi internazionali
No full textL’obiettivo dello studio è di confrontare i tre metodi usati a livello internazionale per la stima
delle giornate di degenza attribuibili alle Infezioni ospedaliere applicandoli alla stessa popolazione.
I metodi sono:
1.Unmatched Group Comparison.
2.Matched Control Metodh
3.AEP Based Metodh
È stato effettuato uno studio di prevalenza di tutte le infezioni tra i pazienti in regime di
ricovero ordinario per campionamento semplice dei reparti. L’indagine è stata espletata nell’arco
di 8 giorni lavorativi tra il 15 e il 24 ottobre 2007. Sono stati compresi nello studio tutti i pazienti
ricoverati in ciascun reparto il giorno dell’indagine da almeno 24 ore, compresi quelli in dimissione/
trasferimento ad altro ospedale o reparto.
Durante lo studio di prevalenza sono stati osservati 621 pazienti di cui 70 (pari all’11.27%) con
infezione.
I 70 pz non infetti necessari al confronto mediante il metodo 1. sono stati selezionati con una
procedura basata sul propensity score sulle variabili anagrafiche e cliniche dei pazienti.
Le variabili quantitative sono sintetizzate con media e deviazione standard e/o mediana e
range interquartile (IQR).
Il test di Shapiro-Wilk è stato utilizzato per verificare la normalità della distribuzione delle
variabili quantitative.
Per il confronto fra i tre metodi è stato utilizzato il test di Kruskall-Wallis (a=0,05), mentre i
confronti fra le coppie di metodi sono stati effettuati con il test di Mann-Whitney (a=0,017).
I dati sono stati inseriti su foglio di lavoro Excel ed elaborati con Stata9.
I risultati della stima delle giornate di degenza delle infezioni con i tre metodi evidenzia che:
esiste una differenza statisticamente significativa fra i tre metodi (p=0.016), esiste una differenza
statisticamente significativa tra 1. versus 2. (p=0.013) e un limite di significatività tra 2. versus
3 (p=0.017), mentre tra 1 versus 3 non c’è differenza. (p=0.82).
In conclusione i tre metodi non paiono essere intercambiabili in quanto giungono a stime
differenti
Lowdosage liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of Candida infections in critically ill patients
No full textExpression of lactoferrin on human granulocytes: analysis with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies
No full textAntimicrobial prophylaxis in minor and major surgery
No full textSurgical site infections (SSIs) are a frequent cause of morbidity following surgical procedures. Gram-positive cocci, particularly staphylococci, cause many of these infections, although Gram-negative organisms are also frequently involved. The risk of developing a SSI is associated with a number of factors, including aspects of the operative procedure itself, such as wound classification, and patient-related variables, such as preexisting medical conditions. Antimicrobial prophylaxis (AP) plays an important role in reducing SSIs, especially if patient-related risk factors for SSIs are present. The main components of antimicrobial prophylaxis are: timing, selection of drugs and patients, duration and costs. Compliance with these generally accepted preventive principles may lead to overall decreases in the incidence of these infections. Ideally the administration of the prophylactic agent should start within 30 minutes from the surgical incision. The duration of the AP should not exceed 24 hours for the majority of surgical procedures. The shortest effective period of prophylactic antimicrobial administration is not known and studies have demonstrated that post-surgical antibiotic administration is unnecessary. Furthermore, there were no proven benefits in multiple dose regimens when compared to single-dose regimens. The choice of an appropriate prophylactic antimicrobial agent should be based primarily on efficacy and safety. Broad spectrum antibiotics should be avoided due to the risk of promoting bacterial resistance. Cephalosporins are the most commonly used antibiotics in surgical prophylaxis; specifically, cefazolin or cefuroxime are mainly used in the prophylaxis regimens for cardio-thoracic surgery, vascular surgery, hip or knee arthroplasty surgery, neurosurgical procedures and gynecologic and obstetric procedures. A review of the prophylactic regimens regarding the main surgical procedures is presented
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in autoimmune thyroid disorders
No full textDifferent antibodies against both organ- and non-organ-specific autoantigens have been found in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in sera of patients affected by Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). These antibodies were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence; the reactivity against myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin was assessed by ELISA. ANCA were detected by immunofluorescence in 28.5% of patients with GD and 9% of patients with HT. Anti-lactoferrin antibodies were found in 3 of 21 (14.2%) patients affected by GD and in 2 of 11 (18.1%) cases of HT. Anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies were detected only in one (4.7%) patient with GD
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