379 research outputs found
Entrevista a Pascale Criton. Els seminaris de Gilles Deleuze
No full textEntrevista: Carme Pardo Salgado. Enregistrament i edició vídeo: Anna Bayó DuranAgraïments: Institut FrançaisEntrevista a la musicòloga i compositora francesa de música contemporànea, Pascale Criton4238.mp4
4238.mp
Monochromatic and polarized tagged LADON gamma-ray beams
No full textMonochromatic and polarized gamma ray beams have been produced by the scattering of laser light against high energy electrons circulating in a storage ring. It is possible to improve the performance of these beams by tagging the scattered electrons and with some changes in the optical properties of the stored electrons
Impact de la prise en charge thérapeutique sur les propriétés acoustiques des voyelles dans la maladie de Parkinson
No full textIntroduction : La maladie de Parkinson (MP) est généralement considérée comme une maladie dégénérative multisystémique. En parallèle aux symptômes moteurs principaux de la maladie tels que les tremblements, la rigidité et la bradykinésie, plus de 90% des personnes atteintes de la MP développent des troubles de la parole. La phonation, la prosodie et l’articulation sont les trois principales composantes de la parole altérées dans la MP. Ces changements sont regroupés sous le terme « dysarthrie hypokinétique ». La production des voyelles, un élément important pour l’intelligibilité de la parole, est fréquemment atteinte dans la MP. Il existe actuellement plusieurs interventions thérapeutiques visant à réduire les symptômes moteurs de la MP, tels que le traitement pharmacologique et le traitement chirurgical. Des traitements orthophoniques sont également parfois offerts aux patients dans le but de réduire les troubles de la communication secondaires à la dysarthrie. Par contre, l’impact de ces différentes interventions thérapeutiques sur la production des voyelles dans la MP est toujours largement inconnu. Objectifs : Étudier l’impact du traitement pharmacologique (levodopa), chirurgical (stimulation cérébrale profonde du noyau sous-thalamique, SCP-NST) et orthophonique (Lee-Silverman Voice Treatment, LSVT®) sur les propriétés acoustiques des voyelles dans la MP. Résultats : En ce qui concerne l’impact de la levodopa, la prise quotidienne de dose élevée peut mener à une altération de l’articulation des voyelles. À dose réduite, cet effet secondaire de la médication semble disparaitre. En ce qui concerne l’impact de la SCP-NST, l’intervention chirurgicale elle-même peut altérer l’articulation des voyelles, alors que les stimulations électriques peuvent quant à elles l’améliorer. De plus, la SCP-NST peut améliorer indirectement l’articulation des voyelles via réduction de la dose quotidienne de levodopa requise pour adresser les symptômes moteurs de la maladie, réduction secondaire à l’intervention. En ce qui concerne l’impact du LSVT®, ce traitement peut améliorer l’articulation et la coarticulation des voyelles. Conclusions : La production des voyelles est sensible aux différentes interventions thérapeutiques offertes aux personnes atteintes de la MP. La production de la parole et, spécifiquement, l’articulation et la coarticulation des voyelles, devrait faire partie intégrante de l’évaluation des patients lors du choix et de l’optimisation des interventions thérapeutiques qui leur sont offerts.Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is commonly viewed as a multi-systemic degenerative disorder. Alongside motor symptoms such as tremor, muscle rigidity and bradykinesia, up to 90% of people with PD develop speech disorders over the course of the disease. Phonation, prosody and articulation are the three main speech components altered in PD. These changes are grouped under the term “hypokinetic dysarthria”. Vowel production, an important aspect of speech for intelligibility, is commonly altered in PD. Various pharmacological and surgical interventions are now available to help manage the different motor symptoms of patients with PD. Speech therapies are also sometimes offered to patients to help manage communication disorders related to dysarthria. The impact of these therapeutic interventions on vowel production is, however, still largely unknown. Purpose: To investigate the impact of pharmacological (levodopa), chirurgical (deep-brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, STN-DBS) and speech (Lee-Silverman Voice Treatment, LSVT®) interventions on the acoustic proprieties of vowels in PD. Results: Regarding the impact of levodopa, high daily doses may lead to vowel articulation impairment. At reduced doses, this adverse effect seems to disappear. As for the impact of STN-DBS, the surgical intervention itself may lead directly to vowel articulation impairment, while the electrical stimulations themselves may improve it. Also, STN-DBS may indirectly improve vowel articulation via the reduction of the daily levodopa dose required to manage the symptoms of PD following the intervention. Regarding the impact of LSVT®, this treatment may lead to an improvement of vowel articulation and coarticulation. Conclusions: Vowel production is modulated by the different therapeutic interventions offered to people with PD. Speech production and, more specifically, vowel articulation and coarticulation should be an integral part of patient evaluation profiles when choosing and optimizing therapeutic management interventions for these patients
A silicon photomultiplier readout for time of flight neutron spectroscopy with gamma-ray detectors
No full textThe silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is a recently developed photosensor used in particle physics, e.g., for detection of minimum ionizing particles and/or Cherenkov radiation. Its performance is comparable to that of photomultiplier tubes, but with advantages in terms of reduced volume and magnetic field insensitivity. In the present study, the performance of a gamma ray detector made of an yttrium aluminum perovskite scintillation crystal and a SiPM-based readout is assessed for use in time of flight neutron spectroscopy. Measurements performed at the ISIS pulsed neutron source demonstrate the feasibility of γ-detection based on the new devic
The response of a small liquid scintillation counter for low energy (gamma, p) experiments
No full textHigh-Energy Cosmic Ray Proton Spectrum
No full textThe method is describes and the results of measurements of the high-energy cosmic ray proton spectrum in the PAMELA experiment are presented. This experiment is performed onboard an artificial satellite and is directed to study cosmic ray particle spectra in a wide energy range. Scientific equipment was put into Earth orbit in June, 2006 and is in operation mode until now. The scientific equipment of the PAMELA device incorporates various detectors, including a magnetic spectrometer and a position-sensitive strip calorimeter. This study was performed based on the data of these devices. The energy range of the measured proton spectrum is from 50 GeV to 15 TeV
Indication to pelvic lymph nodes dissection for prostate cancer: the role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging when the risk of lymph nodes invasion according to Briganti updated nomogram is <5%
No full textBackground: The Briganti updated nomogram (BN) is the most popular predictive model aiming to predict the presence of lymph node invasion (LNI) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa), but it lacks information obtained by preoperative imaging. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the role of multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) in the indication to perform pelvic lymph nodes dissection (PLND) or not in patients with risk of LNI according to BN below 5%. Methods: Since March 2012 and September 2016, 310 patients who underwent a preoperative mp-MRI for staging purpose and subsequent robot-assisted extended PLND (RAEPLND) were retrospectively evaluated. Mp-MRIs were prospectively analyzed by two experienced radiologists. The imaging parameters analyzed were the presence of extracapsular extension (ECE), seminal vesicles invasion (SVI) and predominant Gleason pattern 4 (pG4). All patients underwent RAEPLND by two experienced surgeons with a standardized technique. A dedicated uropathologist performed all pathological analysis. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used in order to identify the predictors of LNI in patients with PCa. Results: In the overall population, 57 (18.4%) patients had histologically proven pN1 disease. 48/250 patients (19.2%) with a risk of LNI â¥5% as calculated by the BN were staged pN1 at final histopathological analysis. 9/60 patients (15.0%) with a risk of LNI <5% as calculated by BN, who underwent RAEPLND anyway according to the findings at mp-MRI, were staged pN1 at final histopathological analysis. At multivariate logistic regression analysis, all the three mp-MRI parameters were significant independent predictors of LNI after RAEPLND. Conclusions: The role of mp-MRI seemed to be crucial in patients with a risk of LNI <5% as calculated by the BN. The presence of ECE, SVI, or pG4 at mp-MRI was found to be an independent predictor of LNI by itself
Influence of cognitive regulation abilities on prospective memory
No full textUn nombre important d'activités quotidiennes repose sur le principe de se souvenir d'exécuter une action que l'on a préalablement planifiée (rendez-vous, factures, médicaments). La mémoire prospective (MP) est essentielle pour maintenir un comportement social adaptatif. Différents processus cognitifs, tels que les fonctions exécutives et l'attention, jouent un rôle central pour l'encodage, le maintien et la récupération de l'intention. La pleine conscience (mindfulness) a montré des bénéfices sur différentes fonctions cognitives sous-jacente de la MP. Bien qu'associé à une multitude de conséquences négatives, le rôle du vagabondage de l'esprit (mind wandering) dans la planification, autre processus cognitif impliqué dans la MP, a été mis en évidence. Les performances de MP pourraient également être influencées par l'activité cardiaque, médiées par la métaconscience intéroceptive. Enfin, les capacités de métamémoire seraient susceptibles de moduler la nature des processus recrutés dans la MP. Le premier axe de cette thèse est d'étudier l'impact de la régulation cognitive sur la MP via l'étude des différents processus métacognitifs sous-jacents. Le contrôle volontaire ainsi exercé sur nos activités mentales, conscientes ou inconscientes, pourrait constituer l'une des interventions cognitives les plus prometteuses dans le maintien de l'intégrité fonctionnelle de la MP. Les travaux sur la MP sont majoritairement conduits en laboratoire au moyen de tâches informatisées à la validité écologique discutable. D'aucuns se sont essayés aux études de terrain pour pallier ce problème méthodologique, se heurtant alors aux limites du contrôle expérimental. Si une nouvelle voie s'est ouverte avec l'emploi de la réalité virtuelle, représentant une tentative de contourner les biais des évaluations classiques, le consensus scientifique actuel repose essentiellement sur une pléiade hétérogène de paradigmes en laboratoire. Le second axe de cette thèse repose sur l'approche méthodologique multimodale employée, permettant d'étendre et de compléter la littérature via différentes méthodes telles que la réalité virtuelle ou l'emploi de mesures d'échantillonnages de l'expérience.A significant number of daily activities rely on remembering to perform a previously planned action (appointments, bills, medications). Prospective memory (PM) is essential for maintaining adaptive social behavior. Different cognitive processes, such as executive functions and attention, play a central role in the encoding, maintenance and retrieval of intention. Mindfulness has been shown to benefit various cognitive functions underlying PM. Although associated with a multitude of negative consequences, the role of mind wandering in planning, another cognitive process involved in PM, has been highlighted. PM performance could also be influenced by cardiac activity, mediated by interoceptive metaconsciousness. Finally, metamemory abilities could modulate the nature of the processes recruited in PM. The first axis of this thesis is to study the impact of cognitive regulation on PM via the study of the different underlying metacognitive processes. The voluntary control thus exercised on our mental activities, conscious or unconscious, could constitute one of the most promising cognitive interventions in the maintenance of the functional integrity of PM. Most of the work on PM is conducted in the laboratory by means of computerized tasks of questionable ecological validity. Some people have tried field studies to overcome this methodological problem, but they have come up against the limits of experimental control. If a new path has been opened with the use of virtual reality, representing an attempt to circumvent the biases of classical evaluations, the current scientific consensus is essentially based on a heterogeneous pleiad of laboratory paradigms. The second axis of this thesis is based on the multimodal methodological approach used, allowing to extend and complete the literature via different methods such as virtual reality or experience sampling method
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