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    Alternative coffee packaging: an analysis form a life cycle point of view

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    The amount of municipal waste related to food packaging systems, with respect to the whole mass of municipal waste, is ever increasing. For this reason, a selection of different packaging systems has to be made from the start of production not only to favour food conservation, but also to reduce packaging mass and increase the use of recyclables. This paper presents a comparison between impacts associated with alternative packaging systems on the supply of coffee, with the aim of showing how their values change depending on the materials and processes commonly in use. To compare impacts, Life Cycle Assessment methodology was considered. This approach, which is widespread use in many different production sectors, is defined in detail in the ISO 1404· norm

    Influence of temperature and thickness on the off-axis behaviour of short glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6.6 - quasi-static loading

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    This paper investigates the anisotropic behaviour of mechanical properties of a short glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6.6 (PA66-GF35) under quasi-static loading. For this purpose tensile tests were carried out on dog-bone specimens, machined out from injection moulded plates 80 x 80 mm, of three different thicknesses t(1-3 mm) at eight different orientation angles. The tests were performed at room temperature as well as at 130 degrees C. Material elastic constants were estimated from fitting experimental tensile moduli according to the theory of elasticity for orthotropic materials. A fit on geometrical tensile strengths with the Tsai-Hill failure criterion provided instead the material strength parameters. Both specimen thickness and temperature appear to have a strong influence on mechanical properties and degree of anisotropy

    Fatigue strength assessment of a short fibre-reinforced plastic based on the energy dissipation

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    An energy-based approach is proposed for fatigue analysis of specimens weakened by rounded notches. The energy dissipated as heat by a unit volume of material per cycle is assumed as fatigue damage indicator. A theoretical model based on the energy balance is presented, where the different forms of energy exchanged in a fatigue test are involved. An experimental technique which enables one to estimate the proposed energy parameter is presented and applied to the analysis of the fatigue behaviour of a short fibre-reinforced plastic. The limits of applicability of the presented approach is also discussed
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