1,721,079 research outputs found
Aminoglycoside or quinolone ear drops in the postoperative management of tympanoplasty: What choice do we have?
No full textPediatric otolaryngologic manifestations of bleeding disorders.
No full textObjective: In 1930, considering the diseases of the blood and lymphatic glands in relation to otolaryngology,
Goldsmith and McGregor stated that “. . . the otolaryngologist has frequently to deal with bleeding from the
nose and throat . . .”. After approximately 8 decades, in particular preoperatively, the use of universal coagulation
screening in children is still controversial. Aim of the present review was to offer a concise but complete
discussion of clotting disorders with pediatric otolaryngological interest recognizing: (i) vascular disorders,
(ii) platelet disorders, (iii) disorders of coagulation, and (iv) thrombosis.
Methods: An exhaustive review of literature was performed to investigate available data and evidences regarding
pediatric otolaryngologic manifestations of bleeding disorders.
Results/Conclusions: Modern otolaryngologists should be familiar with common bleeding disorders since
many have head and neck manifestations. This knowledge allows the choice of appropriate pre-operative
screening of surgical patients. Themost important component of the preoperative assessment is the bleeding
history that directs further laboratory evaluation. All otolaryngologic surgical procedures in children with
bleeding disorders should be carried out with the close co-operation of the Haematology Department
Idiopathic benign paroxysmal vertigo in children, a migraine precursor.
No full textVertigo and dizziness are common conditions in the adult population that can be rarely seen during childhood; only a few articles describing vertigo in children can be found in literature. Although many causes of vertigo in adulthood occur also in childhood, their frequency may be different. A typical example is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, the most common peripheral vestibular disorder in adults, which occurs quite uncommonly in children. Furthermore, many common diseases causing vertigo in children may be unique for this population, such as benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV) of childhood. At present, BPV is defined as a migraine's equivalent, a precursor of migraine or a periodic syndrome of childhood. The International Headache Society also studied this form of vertigo and included the Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo in section 1.3.3. of the International Classification of Headaches (ICHD-2). The present review analyzes recent patho-physiological and clinical evidences regarding idiopathic BPV in children
Tinnitus in children without hearing impairment
No full textObjective: Tinnitus is not an uncommon symptom in the paediatric population and, despite its incidence, is
still an unrecognized problem, particularly in normal hearing children. As tinnitus is frequently described
by adults without evidence of ear disease, reports of tinnitus can be obtained also from a group of children
without otological pathology. The present review has been performed in order to emphasize the great importance
to try to identify children suffering from tinnitus and to recognize the difference between the tinnitus
characteristics in children with ear pathology and those one without otological problems.
Methods: A review of the literature regarding the nature of paediatric tinnitus and the practical diagnostic
approach to this symptom has been carried out.
Results: Children rarely complain spontaneously of tinnitus but are able to describe itwhen questioned. In our
experience the total percentage of children with tinnitus rises from 6.5% (tinnitus reported spontaneously),
to 34% when children are specifically questioned.
Most children, more than 50%, have normal hearing; in those with hearing impairment, no particular type
or severity of hearing loss has been found.
An important point that must be considered much more seriously is tinnitus sequela following head injuries
to which children are particularly exposed during their daily activities.
Due to the serious consequences that may be caused by tinnitus, it is of great importance to identify and
analyze it, so as to minimize its damage, utilizing a protocol of study of paediatric tinnitus which allows to
collect interesting informations about tinnitus characteristics.
Conclusions: In considering that tinnitus in children exists and may provoke serious consequences, even in
absence of ear pathology, it is necessary to investigate and understandmore about this symptom in children.
From this viewpoint, it is very important to recognize the value of a global evaluation of a child suffering from
tinnitus.
There is no reason why such an important symptom well reported in adults should not be investigated in
the pediatric population in which it seems to be as frequent as in the adult one.
It is reasonable to believe that also in children tinnitus may have significant implications for medical and
rehabilitative management
Otolaryngological manifestations of rheumatic diseases in children.
No full textRheumatic diseases represent a group of autoimmune conditions which primarily affect the musculo-skeletal system but can also involve other internal organs such as the auditory and the respiratory systems. Among the rheumatic diseases of children those which present an otolaryngological involvement at disease onset or during their course are essentially juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), Cogan syndrome (CS), relapsing polycondritis (RPC) and Wegener granulomatosis (WG). In this section, we will review the main characteristics of these conditions with the attempt to propose a few elements for an easy differential diagnosis which might help for an early diagnosis and a more appropriate treatment
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