1,721,195 research outputs found
Complementarity and substitution among industrial incentive schemes - measures targeted to SME versus measures targeted to large projects
Full text linkIn Europe several countries adopt different incentives to increase regional development. Some subsidies are targeted to small and medium enterprises, others to large enterprises. Even if the subsidies are targeted to specific industrial aspects, there is a substantial degree of territorial overlapping among them. Usually, every grant scheme operates in isolation, and the evaluation of the different measures does not take into account the presence of complementarity or substitution among them. On the other side, the presence of the SME and large firms in the same area can increase positive externalities and therefore it could be a reason to integrate different grant schemes. The aim of the study is to explore the impact of SME and large project grant scheme in two cases: in areas where financial assistance has been taken up by SME and large firms, and in area where only SME are subsidized. The analysis is based on the two more important measures for local development in Italy: incentives by law 488/92, mainly devoted to SME, and contratti di programma, created for large project. Using data for 784 local labour systems, we estimated the employment effect of subsidies. We control for the presence of spontaneous local growth patterns and for spatial spillovers, using the appropriate spatial models. The preliminary results show that incentives for SME have higher impacts in area where a project financed by contratti di programma is located. This suggests the presence of a relevant level of empirical complementarity between the two incentive measures
Structural change and cyclical fluctuations of employment dynamics by professions in Italy
No full textThe Italian labour market has registered in the last decades a substantial growth in qualification of human capital, mainly as a consequence of both active job policies and sectorial structural changes. The composition of professional figures has changed across sectors, in favour of the more qualified ones. The driving forces can be identified in the allocation of employment from manufacturing to services and in the increase of demand of (new) services by firms and families. After a long lasting period of economic growth in the second half of nineties, the strong slowing down in output and aggregated demand registered in the three years after 2000 has drastically changed the labour market condition. In this years the variations in labour demand reflect a less positive economic trend and the decrease in consumption and activity. The effect is a reduction in the demand of more qualified professions, mainly for employment in social and health services, conditioned by the relative fall in the welfare expenditure. Associated with the employment rise in the period, an other relevant changes in composition is on work: new forms of flexible jobs appear and female employment increases. The object of this paper is to analyze the structure by professions of employment in Italy in the period 1995-2003. The focus is on the adjustment of the composition of professional employment after cyclical shocks and structural changes. The analysis intends to single out professions with higher growth rates in employment, conditioned to sectorial effects, and to investigate the effects on flexibility and qualification of total labour force. A particular attention will be dedicated to the presence of polarization in employment dynamics between high skill and low skill professions
Are the R&D Subsidies Effective? An Empirical Analysis of the Italian Fund for Technological Innovation
No full textEmpirical evidence on the effects of public subsidies to R&D at firm level is mixed and contradictory. The paper presents new empirical results based on new dataset, that integrates administrative archives with a balance sheet dataset containing longitudinal information on sales, fixed assets, value added, employment. The impact of incentives is estimated using different samples by dimension, sectors and geographic area. A DID Matching estimator is applied, considering the presence of selection on observables and non observables The results suggest the presence of significant effect on employment and investment, but not on sales and productivit
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