1,721,016 research outputs found
Genetic traceability of livestock products: A review
No full textTraceability is the ability to maintain the identification of animal, or animal products, all along the production chain. It represents an
essential tool to safeguard public and animal health and to valorize typical production systems. European food legislation is particularly
strict and traceability systems, based on product labeling, have become mandatory in all European countries. However, the implementation
of this system does not ensure consumers against fraud. Paper documents can be counterfeit so researchers have focused on the
study of genetic traceability systems based on products identification through DNA analysis. In fact DNA is inalterable, detectable in
every cell, resistant to heat treatments, and allows for individual, breed or species identification. Even if results are promising, these techniques
are too expensive to be converted in routine tests but they could be a trusted tool for verification of suspected fraud. The present
review proposes a synthesis of the major advances made in individual, breed, and species genetic identification in the last years, focusing
on advantages and disadvantages and on their real future applications for animal productions
Estimation of genetic diversity over time in an in-situ marker assisted conservation scheme of local chicken breeds
No full textThe aim of this research was to study the genetic variability of two local chicken
breeds (Ermellinata di Rovigo and Robusta Maculata) involved in a conservation programme, over a
period of three years. Samples were collected in 2002 and in 2005 and analysed using 15 microsatellite
markers. Obtained results evidenced that Robusta Maculata was genetically less variable than
Ermellinata di Rovigo even after three years of conservation activities. During the studied period the
observed heterozigosity was maintained and the excess of homozygous animals found in both breeds
in 2002 was strongly reduced in 2005. These findings suggested that the conservation activities helped
to overcome the probable presence of population substructures and to limit inbreeding. Moreover, this
study evidenced the usefulness of microsatellite markers to monitor genetic diversity in conservation
programmes for animal breeds
Application of AFLP molecular markers to genetic characterisation of duck (Anas platyrhyncos), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) Veneto breeds
No full textIn this work we summarize the results of the
application of AFLP molecular markers to the genetic characterisation of some duck, turkey and helmeted
guinea fowl Veneto breeds, whose conservation is the main aim of a regional project called “CO.VA.”
(Cassandro, 2004).
A total of 117 unrelated males reared in two nucleus units of CO.VA.
project in 2003 were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood obtained from 68 ducks (Anas
platyrhyncos) belonging to the Mignon and the Germanata Veneta breeds, 28 turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) of
two different breeds, Ermellinata and Comune Bronzato, and 21 Camosciata helmeted guinea fowls (Numida
meleagris). AFLP genotyping was carried out following the protocol described by Barcaccia et al. (1999), modified
for the use of TaqI endonuclease as the “frequent cutter” enzyme. In conclusion, AFLP markers allowed the genetic characterization
of the three species; heterozigosity and Gst index can be used to monitor genetic variability within and
among breeds, thus providing an important tool in the conservation scheme. In duck, AFLP markers permitted
the genetic differentiation within species through cluster analysis and also by means of factorial analysis.
In turkey, only cluster analysis allowed the distinction of the two breeds, but this result must be validated
increasing the number of animals for Ermellinata breed
Genetic characterization of local Italian breeds of chickens undergoing in situ conservation
No full textThe objectives of this study were to determine
genetic variation and to analyze population
structure of 6 Italian local chicken breeds involved in a
conservation program. Twenty microsatellite markers
were investigated in 337 birds belonging to 6 breeds:
Ermellinata di Rovigo, Robusta Maculata, Robusta Lionata,
Pépoi, Padovana, and Polverara; a commercial
layer cross was used as reference. One hundred twelve
alleles were detected in the overall population, with a
mean number of 5.6 ± 2.1 alleles per locus. For the
local breeds, the observed and expected heterozygosity
ranged from a minimum of 0.240 to a maximum
of 0.413 and from 0.243 to 0.463 for the Pépoi and
Polverara breeds, respectively. Deviation from Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium was observed in 5 breeds and in
the commercial cross. The overall population heterozygote
deficiency was 0.427, the average inbreeding coefficient
was 0.097, and the heterozygote deficiency due to
breed subdivisions was 0.437. Reynolds’ distances were
used to draw an unrooted neighbor-joining tree, which
topology gave information on the genetic origin of these
breeds and confirmed their known history. The estimated
molecular kinship within a breed ranged from 0.559
to 0.769, evidencing high coancestry. Structure analysis
was performed to detect the presence of population
substructures. Inferred clusters corresponded to the
different breeds, without presence of admixture. The
exception was the Polverara breed, for which a more
complex genetic structure was found. The results supported
the decision of safeguarding these breeds as an
important reservoir of genetic diversity and confirmed
the usefulness of microsatellite markers to characterize
and to monitor genetic variability in local chicken
breeds
Assessing genetic diversity in indigenous Veneto chicken breeds using AFLP markers
No full textGenetic variation in four indigenous chicken breeds from the Veneto region of Italy was assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 99 individuals were analysed using three AFLP primer combinations that produced 70 polymorphisms. Four indigenous Veneto chicken breeds (Ermellinata, Padovana, Pepoi and Robusta) and a reference broiler line were included in the analysis. Breed-specific markers were identified in each breed. The expected heterozygosity did not differ significantly among the indigenous Veneto chicken breeds and the broiler line. The coefficient of gene variation (Gst) value across loci indicated that almost half of the total variability was observed among breeds. Nei's standard genetic distance between pairs of breeds showed that the distance between the broiler line and the Pepoi breed was greater than the distances between the broiler line and the other three chicken breeds. Cluster analysis based on standard genetic distances between breeds indicated that the Padovana and Pepoi breeds were closely related. Factorial analysis based on a binary matrix of the AFLP data showed a clear distinction of all breeds
Finding 16S rRNA gene-based SNPs for the genetic traceability of commercial species belonging to Gadiformes
No full textA SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) based analysis was developed to differentiate four economically important species belonging to the Gadiformes order: Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus and Ling Molva molva. A 430bp fragment of the 16s rRNA gene was amplified using interspecific conserved primer and sequenced. The sequences were aligned and analyzed for the presence of SNPs; three SNPs (MerSNP1, MerSNP7 and MerSNP9) were identified and selected to allow discrimination between the four species. Aplotypes were TCC, CCC, CAT and CAC for Pacific cod, Atlantic cod, Haddock and Ling respectively. Confirmation of results was achieved by sequencing 16s rRNA gene fragments of 16 G. morhua, 7 G. macrocephalus, 15 M. aeglefinus and 5 M. molva samples collected at different fish catching campaign. Nucleotide sequence of 16s rRNA mitochondial gene has been shown to be a useful tool to allow rapid reliable and fully automatable for discrimination of 4 economically important species in fisheries industry
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