1,720,971 research outputs found
Optimization of the SLED phase modulation parameters of the FERMI Linac
No full textFERMI is a single-pass linac-based FEL user-facility covering the wavelength range from 80 nm to 4 nm and is located next to the third generation synchrotron radiation facility Elettra in Trieste, Italy. The first FEL line in operation (FEL-1) has been opened to users at the end of 2012, while the second FEL line (FEL-2) covering the shorter wavelength range down to 4 nm is in commissioning. The linac is composed of 16 S-band accelerating structures. Seven of them are backward structures equipped with SLED system. Following the preliminary tests on one plant, in order to increase the operational accelerating gradient, phase modulation of the SLED drive power has been implemented in all these structures. The shape of the phase modulation is applied via the LLRF system firmware and can be modified if needed. This paper discusses the optimization of the phase modulation parameters and provides a summary of the experimental results
Theoretical and experimental analysis of a linear accelerator endowed with single feed coupler with movable short-circuit
No full textThe front-end injection systems of the FERMI@Elettra linac produce high brightness electron beams that define the performance of the Free Electron Laser (FEL). The photoinjector mainly consists of the radiofrequency (rf) gun and of two S-band rf structures which accelerate the beam. Accelerating structures endowed with a single feed coupler cause deflection and degradation of the electron beam properties, due to the asymmetry of the electromagnetic field. In this paper, a new type of single feed structure with movable short-circuit is proposed. It has the advantage of having only one waveguide input, but we propose a novel design where the dipolar component is reduced. Moreover the racetrack geometry allows to reduce the quadrupolar component. This paper presents the microwave design and the analysis of the particle motion inside the linac. A prototype has been machined at the Elettra facility to verify the new coupler design and the rf field has been measured by adopting the bead-pull method. The results are here presented, showing good agreement with the expectations
Design and Field Measurements of a Linear Accelerator Endowed with Single Feed with Movable Short Coupler
No full textField asymmetries in the rf coupler of accelerating structures degrade the projected beam transverse emittance, especially at low energy. This paper presents an alternative single feed coupler design that reduces the dipolar
and the quadrupolar field components by exploiting a movable short circuit placed on the opposite waveguide. The structure has been simulated and optimized with the Ansys HFSS simulation code. RF measurements on an aluminum prototype machined in the "Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.", are here presented. Such results are in good agreement with the simulations
The Fermi@Elettra Cavity BPM System: Description and Commissioning Results
No full textThe Fermi@elettra cavity BPM (C-BPM) system is based on an original implementation of the C-BPM scheme as the pick-up, operating at 6.5GHz, is coupled to a dedicated, self-calibrating electronics based on a novel concept. The system has been developed in-house; both the E-M and the mechanical design of the pick-up have been carried out, including an original frequency tuning scheme. The detector electronics directly obtains the envelope of the sum and difference signals by means of an RF 180° hybrid; no mixer for the RF signal down conversion is used. The detector is based on 3 blocks: an RF front-end, a baseband analogue transmission module and a digital back-end unit, based on a micro-TCA platform. The digital back-end is equipped with a powerful Virtex 5 FPGA and several real-time tasks have been implemented on it, including intra-pulse calibration. Ten C-BPM stations have been installed so far, fully integrated in the FERMI control System, enabling a real-time control of this key FEL diagnostics. Results on performances with beam are also presented; the scale factor of C-BPMs is obtained with beam, as two-axis micrometer translation stages have been installed
Commissioning of the Cavity BPM for the FERMI@Elettra FEL Project
No full textThe cavity Beam Position Monitor (BPM) is a fundamental beam diagnostic device that allows the measurements of the electron beam trajectory in a non-destructively way and with sub-micron resolution. Ten cavity BPM systems have been installed along the undulators chain in the FERMI@Elettra FEL1 project. In this paper we discuss the installation, commissioning and performance of these cavity BPM systems. We have carried out preliminary operations during a pre-beam period, such as the alignment and fine tuning of the RF cavities under vacuum. During the commissioning each BPM has been calibrated by mechanically moving the support on which the BPM is mounted. We have estimated the single shot resolution in presence of beam jitter by reading the beam position synchronously over many electron bunches from three or more BPMs. The algorithms have been subsequently improved, and the results are described
Cavity BPM Design, Simulations and Testing for the FERMI@Elettra Project
No full textThe cavity Beam Position Monitor (BPM) is a fundamental beam diagnostic instrument for a seeded FEL, like FERMI@Elettra. It allows the measurements of the electron beam trajectory in a non-destructive way and with sub-micron resolution. The high resolution cavity BPM relies on the excitation of the dipole mode that is originated when the bunch passes off axis in the cavity. In this paper we present the prototype of cavity BPM developed for the FERMI@Elettra facility. The RF parameters of the cavities have been determined by means of Ansoft HFSS; while using the CST Particle Studio the level of the output signals from the cavities have been also estimated. Furthermore, the design of the RF frontend for the acquisition and conditioning of the signals from the BPM cavities is presented as well. The prototype has been succesfully installed in the FERMI Linac during the last commissioning phase and preliminary results with the electron beam are also presented
A novel electromagnetic design and a new manufacturing process for the cavity BPM (Beam Position Monitor)
No full textThe Cavity Beam Position Monitor (BPM) is a beam diagnostic instrument which, in a seeded Free Electron Laser (FEL), allows the measurement of the electron beam position in a non-destructive way and with sub-micron resolution. It is composed by two resonant cavities called reference and position cavity, respectively. The measurement exploits the dipole mode that arises when the electron bunch passes off axis. In this paper we describe the Cavity BPM that has been designed and realized in the context of the FERMI@Elettra project [1]. New strategies have been adopted for the microwave design, for both the reference and the position cavities. Both cavities have been simulated by means of Ansoft HFSS [2] and CST Particle Studio [3], and have been realized using high precision lathe and wire-EDM (Electro-Discharge) machine, with a new technique that avoids the use of the sinker-EDM machine. Tuners have been used to accurately adjust the working frequencies for both cavities. The RF parameters have been estimated, and the modifications of the resonant frequencies produced by brazing and tuning have been evaluated. Finally, the Cavity BPM has been installed and tested in the presence of the electron beam
The Cavity BPM for the microwave measurement of the transversal position of relativistic electron bunches travelling in a vacuum beampipe
No full textThe free electron laser (FEL) is a fourth-generation light source based on the interaction between electromagnetic fields and ultra-relativistic electron bunches which travel along the axis of a vacuum beampipe. The Cavity Beam Position Monitor (Cavity BPM) is a new kind of diagnostic tool for measuring the beam displacement from the beampipe axis. At the “Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.”, Italy, a seeded FEL, presently under development for the FERMI@Elettra project [1], will provide an ultra bright coherent X-ray light which will be employed for the study of chemical reactions and dynamic molecular processes. This paper presents the Cavity BPM and a new measurement system, with the first resolution assessment
Theoretical and experimental analysis of interactions between electromagnetic fields and relativistic electrons in vacuum chamber
No full text2011/2012Il laser ad elettroni liberi (FEL) è una sorgente luminosa di quarta generazione che ha specifiche più stringenti rispetto alle sorgenti luminose di terza generazione, tra le quali ricordiamo i sincrotroni. La cosiddetta emittanza e la traiettoria del fascio determinano la qualità del fascio, e devono soddisfare severi requisiti nei FEL. Per esempio, nella sala ondulatori, la posizione del fascio deve essere misurata con risoluzione micrometrica. Il controllo della posizione del fascio può essere effettuato utilizzando i “Cavity Beam Position Monitor” (Cavity BPM). Questa tesi descrive l’attività di ricerca eseguita sui Cavity BPM. Precisamente, la progettazione, la simulazione elettromagnetica e l'ottimizzazione di un Cavity BPM sono state effettuate. Successivamente, 25 Cavity BPM sono stati fabbricati e installati nella sala ondulatori del progetto FERMI@Elettra. I segnali sono stati acquisiti e processati con un nuovo tipo di elettronica, e una serie di misure sono state effettuate.
Il secondo dispositivo studiato in questo dottorato è l'acceleratore lineare di particelle. Tradizionali strutture acceleranti, dotate di un accoppiatore a singolo ingresso causano la degradazione delle proprietà fascio elettronico, a causa dell’ asimmetria del campo elettromagnetico. Un nuovo tipo di accoppiatore, con cortocircuito mobile, viene proposto, nel quale il campo elettrico è stato simmetrizzato. La progettazione, simulazione elettromagnetica e ottimizzazione del dispositivo sono state effettuate, e un prototipo della struttura accelerante è stato prodotto e sintonizzato. Il campo elettrico è stato misurato con il metodo bead-pull.
Infine, in questa tesi sono descritti i deflettori RF ad alta energia, che sono degli strumenti di diagnostica in grado di misurare le proprietà fascio elettronico, in particolare la lunghezza del banco di elettroni e lo spazio longitudinale di fase.The Free Electron Laser (FEL) is a fourth generation light source that has more stringent specifications with respect to the third generation light sources, such as synchrotrons. The so-called emittance and the beam trajectory determine the beam quality, and must satisfy stringent requirements in FELs. For example, in the undulator hall, the beam position must be measured with the micrometer resolution. The control in the beam position can be achieved using a cavity beam position monitor (Cavity BPM). This thesis describes the research performed on the cavity BPM. Precisely, the electromagnetic design, the simulation and the optimization of a cavity BPM have been carried out. Subsequently, 25 cavity BPMs have been manufactured and installed in the undulator hall of the FERMI@Elettra project. A new RF front-end has been set up, and a series of measurements have been performed.
The second device studied in this PhD is the travelling wave linear accelerator. Traditional accelerating structures endowed with a single feed coupler cause degradation of the electron beam properties, due to the electromagnetic field asymmetry. A new type of single feed structure with movable short circuit is proposed, where the electric field has been symmetryzed. The electromagnetic design, simulation and optimization of the device have been carried out, and a prototype of the accelerating structure has been produced and tuned. The electric field has been measured with the bead-pull method.
Finally, in this thesis are described the High Energy RF Deflector (HERFD), which are a fundamental diagnostic tool to measure the electron beam properties, in particular the bunch length and the longitudinal phase space.XXV Ciclo198
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