50 research outputs found
Cold Regions Ice/Snow Actions in Hydrology, Ecology and Engineering
No full textThis is a reprint of the articles gathered through a Special Issue on the topic of "Cold Regions Ice/Snow Actions in Hydrology, Ecology, and Engineering". In total, 12 articles have been published in the Special Issue, covering topics including identification of snow and ice through image analysis, snow and sea ice formation processes, physical and mechanical properties of snow and ice, ice flood disasters, changes in sea ice characteristics, and ecosystems under ice
Comparative analysis of seepage simulation for embankment in cold area during ice flood season and non-ice flood season
No full textInfluenced by meteorological and environmental factors, ice flood is easy to occur in cold areas, causing the flood level to rise substantially and threatening the safety of embankments. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of the seepage of the dike in the cold region, the seepage simulation model of the dike is constructed and solved by the SEEP/W module of Geo-studio software. The seepage of the Dike Section in the ice flood season and non-ice flood season under the scenario of 100-year flood level is compared and analyzed. The results show that, (1) The seepage path of non-ice flood dike mainly passes through the base layer of the dike, and the seepage path of the dike is affected by the frozen shell during the ice flood season, and the seepage path of the dike mainly passes through the frozen shell. (2) The maximum velocity of Dike Seepage in the season of ice flood is higher than that in non-ice flood season, which is easy to cause piping and collapse. (3) the maximum gradient of the embankment during the flood season has also increased, exceeding the allowable slope value of the project. During the season of ice flood, the embankment is unstable, and the embankment protection should be strengthened during the flood season
Study on the Sustainable use of Regional Groundwater Resources
No full textWater resources have become a major factor limiting the sustainable development of China’s economy and society, and at the same time China’s water resources are developed and utilized in a relatively sloppy manner, China is facing multiple pressures of population, resources and environment, and the problems of water shortage, water environment deterioration and flood disaster prevention are becoming increasingly prominent. The rapid development of economic and social demand for water resources is increasing, and the people’s desire to improve the ecology and environment is becoming more and more urgent. How to fully consider the sustainable use of water resources, effectively solve the contradiction between water demand and supply, development and protection, improve the level of planning and scientific decision-making, promote economic development and water carrying capacity to adapt to accelerate the transformation of economic growth and structural adjustment is of great importance
Cold Region Ice/Snow Actions in Hydrology, Ecology and Engineering
No full textIn the Earth’s hydrosphere, 96 [...
Sustainable Supercapacitor Electrode Based on Activated Biochar Derived from Preserved Wood Waste
No full textDue to the inherent metals (Cu, As and Cr) in preserved wood waste (CCA-treated wood waste) that pose a risk to both the environment and human health, it is crucial to dispose of CCA-treated wood properly. Carbon materials have received widespread attention for their high porosity, renewability and simplicity of fabrication. This work presents a simple and effective process for producing carbon materials from leftover CCA-treated wood (chromated copper arsenate). Utilizing CCA-treated wood derived carbon (CCA-BC) and activating it with KOH (CCA-AC), electrode materials for supercapacitor applications were created and its electrochemical characteristics were investigated. The resulting material combines the conductivity of the metal in preserved wood with the good porosity provided by carbon materials. Compared with common wood biomass, carbon (W-BC) and common wood activated carbon (W-AC), CCA-BC and CCA-AC have better electrochemical properties. After being pyrolyzed at 600 °C for two hours, CCA-AC performed optimally electrochemically in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, demonstrating a 72% capacity retention rate after 2000 charge and discharge cycles and a specific capacity of 76.7 F/g. This study provides a novel approach for the manufacture of supercapacitor electrodes, which also allows preserved wood waste an environmentally nondestructive form of elimination
Analyses of Variation Trends of Winter Cold Snaps in Subarctic and Arctic Alaska
No full textArctic Alaska is warming at twice the rate of the rest of the nation, severely impacting infrastructure built on permafrost. As winters warm, the effectiveness of thermosyphons used to stabilize foundations diminishes, increasing the risk of infrastructure failure. Because thermosyphons operate with the highest efficiency during winter cold snaps, studying the variation trends and patterns of winter cold snaps in Alaska is particularly important. To address this issue, this study analyzes the historical temperature data of four selected locations in Subarctic and Arctic Alaska, including Bethel, Fairbanks, Nome, and Utqiagvik. The winter cold snap is defined as a period when the average daily temperature drops below a specific site’s mean winter air temperature. The frequency, duration, and intensity of the winter cold snaps are computed to reveal their trends. The results indicate that the mean annual air temperature (MAAT) shows a warming trend, accompanied by sudden warming after 1975 for all study sites. The long-term average monthly air temperature also indicates that the most significant warming occurs in the winter months from December to March. While the frequencies of winter cold snaps remain relatively unchanged, the mean intensity and duration of cold snaps show a declining trend. Most importantly, the most intense cold snap during which the thermosyphons are the most effective is becoming much milder over time for all study sites. This study focuses specifically on the impact of changes in winter cold spells on thermosyphon effectiveness while acknowledging the complexity of other influencing factors, such as temperature differences, design features, coolant properties, and additional climatic parameters (e.g., wind speed, precipitation, and humidity). The data for this study were obtained from the NOAA NCEI website. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference for the retrofit or design of foundations and for decision making in selecting appropriate foundation stabilizing measures to ensure the long-term stability and resilience of infrastructure in permafrost regions. Moreover, the insights gained from this research on freeze–thaw dynamics, which are also relevant to black soils, align with the journal’s focus on sustainable soil utilization and infrastructure resilience
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Single Point Blasting of Ice Jam of Heilongjiang River Based on ANSYS/LSDYNA
No full textBased on the thickness of the common ice layer in the Heilongjiang Basin, explosions featuring different methods of firing, different thicknesses of the common ice layer, and different distances between the explosive and the ice are hereby simulated using ANSYS/LSDYNA software. The most suitable blasting scheme after field test verification is obtained, and it is concluded through the field blasting test comparison and verification that the central ignition produces the best blasting effect and the largest blasting volume and radius when the explosion is fired under the ice. A larger ice thickness indicates a worse explosive blasting effect, and the number of explosive packs should be used reasonably to achieve the best blasting effect. An ice blast does not finish at once, but experiences energy transfer in the form of waves. The blasting effect is the best in the case of a distance between the explosive and the ice of about L = 150 cm. The shallower the depth of the river is, the more powerful the blast becomes and the more obvious the blast volume becomes. The ice layer is blasted when the maximum temperature on the day of blasting is stable and positive, which is when the texture of the ice sheet maintains its hardness and high efficiency
Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics and Future Trend Analysis of Extreme Climate Indices in Nenjiang River Basin over the Past 60 Years
No full textThe study of extreme climate change in the Nenjiang River Basin is of great significance for ensuring ecological security and agricultural production. Based on the observation data such as daily temperature and precipitation from 12 meteorological stations in the Nenjiang River Basin between 1960 and 2020, this paper selects 26 extreme climate indices. Meanwhile, methods like the linear fitting, Mann-Kendall mutation test, and sliding t-test are adopted to analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of extreme temperature and precipitation in the basin. Additionally, this paper utilizes the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 dataset to predict future climate change trends in the basin. The results show that from 1960 to 2020, the extreme warm index significantly increases, while the extreme cold index significantly decreases, with mutation years mainly concentrated in the years after 1975. The extreme precipitation index significantly rises, with mutation years primarily in the years after 2010. In terms of spatial distribution, the areas with high-value extreme cold indices are mainly located in the Oroqen Autonomous Banner, while the areas with high-value extreme warm indices are more scattered. In addition to the intensity indices, other areas with high-value extreme precipitation indices are also concentrated in the Oroqen Autonomous Banner. In the future, the Nenjiang River Basin is expected to show a warming trend in temperature and a rising trend in precipitation, with an increased probability of extreme high-temperature events and extreme precipitation events
Analysis of the Effect of Sea Surface Temperature on Sea Ice Concentration in the Laptev Sea for the Years 2004–2023
No full textThe Laptev Sea, as a marginal sea and a key source of sea ice for the Arctic Ocean, has a profound influence on the dynamic processes of sea ice evolution. Under a 2 °C global warming scenario, the accelerated ablation of Arctic sea ice is projected to greatly impact Arctic warming. The ocean regulates global climate through its interactions with the atmosphere, where sea surface temperature (SST) serves as a crucial parameter in exchanging energy, momentum, and gases. SST is also a key driver of sea ice concentration (SIC). In this paper, we analyze the spatiotemporal variability of SST and SIC, along with their interrelationships in the Laptev Sea, using daily optimum interpolation SST datasets from NCEI and daily SIC datasets from the University of Bremen for the period 2004–2023. The results show that: (1) Seasonal variations are observed in the influence of SST on SIC. SIC exhibited a decreasing trend in both summer and fall with pronounced interannual variability as ice conditions shifted from heavy to light. (2) The highest monthly averages of SST and SIC were in July and September, respectively, while the lowest values occurred in August and November. (3) The most pronounced trends for SST and SIC appeared both in summer, with rates of +0.154 °C/year and −0.095%/year, respectively. Additionally, a pronounced inverse relationship was observed between SST and SIC across the majority of the Laptev Sea with correlation coefficients ranging from −1 to 0.83
