11 research outputs found
Modeling information security governance in the ECOWAS zone: The maturity model revisited
No full textGovernance directly impacts information security, focusing in protecting business-critical assets, providing confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Good security practices give
assurance of information security to other governments and businesses. In particular, the request for better security governance stems from the necessity to deal with past and
emerging risks, threats, and vulnerabilities.
This paper examines information security governance in the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas). It uses the digital opportunity index 2006 (DOI) computed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the e-government ratings as in West (2006) to compute a country security governance index. The author then uses that index to rank countries by their current maturity level of information security governance. It proceeds to offer a causal analysis and pinpoint factors that could improve that maturity.
In the paper, we extend the initial maturity model. Our innovation is to do what nobody have done before us, that is to evaluate information security governance in underprivileged West African countries, using an extension to the information security governance maturity model. Although not perfect, this work should be seen as a trailblazer. Our pioneering research helps to open up a new line of research in the promising field of information security governance. It was a difficult and challenging task
Les malformations congénitales cliniquement visibles et facteurs de risque répertoriés chez les nouveau-nés à Cotonou,
No full textObjectifs : Répertorier les malformations congénitales cliniquement visibles rencontrées à la naissance et identifier les facteurs de risque malformatif.Patients et méthodes. Il s’est agit d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive et analytique menée (mars-juillet 2012) dans 4 maternités de Cotonou.Résultats : Des 2030 nouveau-nés examinés, 54 (2,66%) présentaient 61 malformations congénitales cliniquement visibles. La sex ratio était égale à 1,25. L’âge moyen des nouveau-nés malformés était de 2 jours ± 1,76 (1 jour et 10 jours). Il a été noté des malformations des membres (n=39 ; 63,93%), du tube neural (n=7 ; 11,48%), de l’appareil urogénital (n=7 ; 11,48%), de la face et de la cavité buccale (n=6 ; 9,83%) et du tube digestif (n=2 ; 3,28%). L’âge moyen des mères des nouveau-nés malformés était de 28ans ± 7,54 (16ans et 40ans). Il y avait une relation entre la survenue de malformations congénitales et l’âge maternel (p<0,05), la parité (p<0,05) et la survenue de pathologies gravidiques (p=0,02).Conclusions. Les malformations des membres étaient les plus fréquentes (63,93%). Les facteurs de risque malformatif identifiés étaient, le jeune âge et l’âge maternel avancé, la multiparité et les pathologies gravidiques.Mots clés: Malformations congénitales, facteurs de risque, nouveau-né
4CPS-044 Patients’ perceptions of healthcare associated-infections and use of antibiotics in a surgical context
No full textWEIGHT–LENGTH RELATIONSHIP OF 57 FISH SPECIES OF THE COASTAL RIVERS IN SOUTH–EASTERN OF IVORY COAST
No full textU radu je istraživan težinsko–dužinski odnos (WRL) 57 vrsta riba koje su pripadale 22–dvjema porodicama, a koje se nalaze u rijekama jugoistočnog dijela Obale Bjelokosti. Uzorci su sakupljeni dvjema vrstama mreža. Vrijednost eksponenta b u WRL (W=aLb) kretao se između 2,213 i 3,729. Prosječna i srednja vrijednost bile su 2,892, odnosno 2,899, dok je 50% te vrijednosti bilo između 2,787 i 3,048. Za 11 vrsta ti su odnosi opisani prvi put u ovoj podregiji.Weight–length relationships (WLR) of 57 fish species belonging to 22 families from the coastal rivers of the south–eastern of Ivory Coast were studied. Samples were collected with two fleets of monofilament gill nets. The value of the exponent b in the WLR (W=aLb) ranged from 2.213 to 3.729. The mean and the median values were 2.892 and 2.899 respectively, whereas 50% of the value ranged between 2.787 and 3.048. For 11 species, these relationships are described for the first time for this sub–region
4CPS-031 Audit of antibiotic prophylaxis practice in visceral surgery in an African country
No full textLes Resultats De L\'orchidopexie Indiquee Dans Le Traitement Chirurgical De La Cryptorchidie Chez L\'enfant : A Propos De 120 Cas Colligés Dans Le Service De Chirurgie Pédiatrique Du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville, Cote d\'Ivoire.
No full textLes auteurs rapportent une étude rétrospective à propos des dossiers de 120 enfants âgés de sexe masculin de 0 à 15 ans, opérés en 15 ans pour cryptorchidie.
La cryptorchidie était unilatérale droite dans 59 cas (49 %), gauche dans 43 cas (36 %) et bilatérale dans 18 cas (15 %). Les testicules étaient palpables 126 fois et non palpables dans 12 cas. Sur ces 12 patients présentant une localisation abdominale, 4 patients (33 %) avaient une cryptorchidie bilatérale et 8 (67 %), une localisation unilatérale.
La technique opératoire utilisée était l\'abaissement testiculaire avec fixation du testicule entre la peau et le dartos. Cinquante trois patients (44 %) étaient opérés entre 2 et 3 ans d\'âge. L\'abaissement en un temps a été effectué fait chez 117 patients (97,5 %) et en deux temps chez 3 patients (2,5 %). Le testicule était situé à l\'orifice inguinal externe dans 51 cas (42,5 %), dans le canal inguinal dans 42 cas (35 %), à l\'orifice inguinal interne dans 15 cas (12,5 %) et abdominal dans 12 cas (10 %). Dix patients (8,3 %) présentaient une absence de fusion épididymo-testiculaire, 9 patients (7,5 %) une atrophie testiculaire.
Quatre vingt seize patients (80 %) avaient un processus péritonéo-vaginal perméable, 3 patients (2,5 %), un cordon spermatique court, 1 patient (0,85 %) avec testicule évanescent, 1 patient (0,85 %) avec testicule dysplasique. Sur 138 testicules abaissés
14, sont remontés (10 %). L\'abaissement testiculaire avec orchidopexie entre le dartos et la peau donne des résultats satisfaisants, aussi bien à court, moyen et long terme. Les auteurs recommandent l\'orchidopexie à environ 2 ans d\'âge.This is a retrospective study of 120 children treated for cryptorchidism during a 15 year period. Cryptorchidism was located on the right side in 59 patients (49%), left in 43 (36%) and bilateral in18 (15%). The testes were palpable in 126 patients and non- palpable in 12. Amongst the 12 patients with abdominal cryptorchidism, 4 had both testes affected, and in 8, only one was affected. The surgical technique used was lowering and fixing the testes between the scrotal and dartos fascias. Fifty three patients (44%), were operated within the 2 to 3 years age group. One stage orchidopexy was done in 117 patients (97.5%), and two stage in 3 patients (2.5%). The testes were located at the external inguinal ring in 51 patients (42.5%), inside the inguinal canal in 42 (35%), at the internal inguinal ring in 15 (12.5%), and abdominal in 12 (10%). Ten patients (8.3 %) had no epididymo-testicular adhesion, and 9 (7.5 %) had testicular atrophy. Ninety six (80 %) patients had patent processus vaginalis, 3 (2.5 %) a short spermatic cord, 1 (0.85 %) evanescent testes, and in 1 (0.85 %) the testes were
dysplasic. Amongst the 138 testes which underwent orchidopexy, 14 (10%) ascended back. Lowering of the testes with orchidopexy between the scrotal and dartos fascias gives good results at short, mid, and long term. The authors thus recommend orchidopexy in children at two years of age. Keywords: Orchidopexy- Children - Cryptorchidism.Clinics in Mother and Child Health Vol. 4 (2) 2007 pp. 711-71
Targeting de novo purine biosynthesis for tuberculosis treatment
No full textFor the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.Data availability:
All data supporting the findings of this study are available in this published article (and its Supplementary Information). Should any raw data files be needed in another format, they are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request. The synthesis and chemical verification of all compounds described are provided in the Supplementary Methods. Source data are provided with this paper.Code availability:
No custom codes or mathematical algorithms were used in the article. Data from the dose–response curves were measured with Perkin Elmer EnVision and modelled using Genedata. Microscopy data were processed using LAS-X and FIJI software. Mass spectroscopy data were obtained using Thermo Q-Exactive and Waters TargetLynx, then further analysed using either the Skyline software (24.1.1.339) or the Agilent MassHunter software suite. The ACD/Spectrus software (2023 v1.1) and Bruker TOPSPIN programme (v4.1) were used to support medicinal chemistry efforts. Schrödinger software was used for the computational modelling (release 2024-2). Final analysis and figure preparation were performed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism 10.Extended data figures and tables are available online at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09177-7#Sec44 .Supplementary Information is available online at: .https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09177-7#Sec45Source data are available online at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09177-7#Sec46 .Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from an infectious disease1,2. Here we report the discovery of a first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor targeting PurF, the first enzyme in the mycobacterial de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. The lead candidate, JNJ-6640, exhibited nanomolar bactericidal activity in vitro. Comprehensive genetic and biochemical approaches confirmed that JNJ-6640 was highly selective for mycobacterial PurF. Single-cell-level microscopy demonstrated a downstream effect on DNA replication. We determined the physiologically relevant concentrations of nucleobases in human and mouse lung tissue, showing that these levels were insufficient to salvage PurF inhibition. Indeed, proof-of-concept studies using a long-acting injectable formulation demonstrated the in vivo efficacy of the compound. Finally, we show that inclusion of JNJ-6640 could have a crucial role in improving current treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Together, we demonstrate that JNJ-6640 is a promising chemical lead and that targeting de novo purine biosynthesis represents a novel strategy for tuberculosis drug development.N.D. acknowledges support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (185715) and funding from Janssen Pharmaceutica. The Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization receives operational funding from the Government of Saskatchewan through Innovation Saskatchewan and the Ministry of Agriculture and from the Canada Foundation for Innovation through the Major Science Initiatives Fund. The work at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine was supported by funding from Janssen Pharmaceutica (to A.K. and R.J.W.). Work at the Center for Discovery and Innovation was funded by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation grant INV-040485 (to J.P.S.). Work at Tufts University was funded by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation grant INV-027276 (to B.B.A.). This work was funded in part by NIH R61/R33AI138280 (to A.J.C.S.). We are grateful to the Global Research Resource for Human Tuberculosis supported by NIH R24AI186591 (to A.J.C.S.) for providing human TB tissue specimens. This research was funded in part by the Wellcome Trust (Africa Health Research Institute strategic core award 227167/A/23/Z)
On-farm evaluation of Cachama blanca and Nile tilapia fed fermented aquatic plants in a polyculture
No full textJuveniles of Cachama blanca and Nile tilapia averaging 86.7 g and 39.6 g, respectively, were co-stocked in 12 experimental units (18m² in area) at a total density of three fish m-².The species mixture consisted of 25% Cachama blanca and 75% tilapia. The fish were fed with a commercial aquafeed (24% crude protein) as control diet. Fermented duckweeds (DW), Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza, and fermented water fern (WF), Azolla filiculoides, at 15% substitution level of the commercial aqua feed were offered as experimental diets for a total of three treatments with four replicates per treatment. The experiment was carried out during a period of 120 days of rearing. Growth performance and productive parameters were evaluated. Results on Cachama blanca showed that no significant differences were found for FCR (from 2.7 to 3.0), total Biomass (5536 to 6444 g) and yield (from 3076 to 3580 kg/ha) among treatments. Mean final weight (from 423 to 494 g), weight gain and specific growth ratio (SGR) were higher for Cachama blanca fed on control and DW diets than for those fed on WF diets. Similar results were observed for Nile tilapia. Mean final weight, weight gain and SGR of Nile tilapia fed on DW do not differed significantly from the control diet, but for those fed on WF, which performance was significantly lower. Yield for Nile tilapia varied from 3124 to 3829 kg ha-1 and did not differ between the treatments. Average FCR was calculated for Nile tilapia between 2.1 and 2.5 and was better than for Cachama blanca. Results indicated that fermented duckweeds (Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza) can effectively replace commercial aqua feed at a 15% level for rearing juveniles of Cachama blanca and Nile tilapia in a traditional polyculture.Juvenis de Pirapitinga e Tilápia do Nilo com uma média de 86.7 e 39.6 g, respectivamente, foram cultivadas em 12 unidades experimentais (18m²) com uma densidade global de três peixesm². A mistura de espécies consistiu de 25% de Pirapitinga e 75% Tilápia do Nilo. Os peixes foram alimentados com uma ração comercial (24% de proteína bruta) como dieta de controle. As lentilhas da água fermentada (duckweeds: DW), Lemna minor e Spirodela polyrhiza, e Azolla fermentada (water fern: WF), Azolla filiculoides, foram oferecidas como dietas experimentais a 15% de nível de substituição para um total três tratamentos com quatro repetições por tratamento. O experimento foi realizado durante um período de 120 dias. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de crescimento e de produção. Resultados para a Pirapitinga não mostraram diferenças significativas para o FCR (2.7-3.0), a biomassa total (5536-6444 g) e rendimento (3.076-3.580 kg/ha) entre os tratamentos. O peso final (423-494 g), ganho de peso e taxa de crescimento específico (TCE) foram maiores para a Pirapitinga alimentada com a dieta controle e dieta DW do que para aqueles alimentados com a dieta WF. Resultados similares foram observados para a Tilápia do Nilo. O peso médio final, ganho de peso e taxa de crescimento específico (TCE) da Tilápia do Nilo alimentada com a dieta DW não diferiu significativamente da dieta controle, mas, sim, daqueles peixes alimentados com dieta WF, que mostraram significativamente menos desenvolvimento. O desempenho da Tilápia do Nilo variou de 3124-3829 kg/ha e não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos. A FCR média calculada para a Tilápia do Nilo foi dentre 2.1 e 2.5 e foi melhor do que para a Pirapitinga. Os resultados indicaram que a lentilha de água fermentada (Lemna minor e Spirodela polyrhiza) pode efetivamente substituir até 15% do alimento comercial em uma policultura tradicional de Tilápia do Nilo e Pirapitinga.Juveniles de Cachama blanca y Tilapia del Nilo con un promedio de 86.7 y 39.6 g, respectivamente, fueron cultivados en 12 unidades experimentales (18m²) con una densidad total de tres pecesm². La mezcla de especies consistió en 25% Cachama blanca y el 75% Tilapia. Los peces fueron alimentados con un pienso comercial (proteína bruta 24%) como dieta de control. La lenteja de agua fermentada (Duckweeds: DW), (Lemna minor y Spirodela polyrhiza), y la Azolla fermentada (Water fern: WF), (Azolla filiculoides), fueron ofrecidas como dietas experimentales al 15% de nivel de sustitución para un total de tres tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento. El experimento se llevó a cabo en un período de 120 días. El crecimiento y los parámetros productivos fueron evaluados. Los resultados de Cachama blanca mostraron que no se encontraron diferencias significativas para el FCR (2,7-3,0), la biomasa total (desde 5536 hasta 6444 g) y el rendimiento (3076 a 3580 kg/ha) entre los tratamientos. El peso final (423-494 g), la ganancia de peso y la tasa de crecimiento específico (SGR) fueron mayores para la Cachama blanca alimentada con la dieta control y la dieta DW que para aquellos alimentados con la dieta WF. Resultados similares fueron observados para la Tilapia del Nilo. El peso final medio, la ganancia de peso y la tasa de crecimiento específica (SGR) de la Tilapia del Nilo alimentados con la dieta DW no diferían de manera significativa de la dieta control, pero sí de los peces alimentados con la dieta WF, lo cuales mostraron un desarrollo significativamente menor. El rendimiento de la Tilapia del Nilo varió de 3124 a 3829 kg/ha y no hubo diferencias entre los tratamientos. El FCR promedio calculado para la Tilapia del Nilo fue entre 2.1 y 2.5 y resultó mejor que para la Cachama blanca. Los resultados indicaron que la lenteja de agua fermentada (Lemna minor y Spirodela polyrhiza) puede reemplazar efectivamente hasta un 15% del alimento comercial en un policultivo tradicional de Tilapia del Nilo y Cachama blanca
Bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent hospitalized patients and appropriateness of empirical treatment recommendations: an international point-prevalence study
No full textAn accurate knowledge of the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is key for selecting appropriate antimicrobial treatments. Very few etiological studies assessed the appropriateness of empiric guideline recommendations at a multinational level. This study aims at the following: (i) describing the bacterial etiologic distribution of CAP and (ii) assessing the appropriateness of the empirical treatment recommendations by clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for CAP in light of the bacterial pathogens diagnosed as causative agents of CAP. Secondary analysis of the GLIMP, a point-prevalence international study which enrolled adults hospitalized with CAP in 2015. The analysis was limited to immunocompetent patients tested for bacterial CAP agents within 24 h of admission. The CAP CPGs evaluated included the following: the 2007 and 2019 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA), the European Respiratory Society (ERS), and selected country-specific CPGs. Among 2564 patients enrolled, 35.3% had an identifiable pathogen. Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.2%) was the most frequently identified pathogen, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.4%). CPGs appropriately recommend covering more than 90% of all the potential pathogens causing CAP, with the exception of patients enrolled from Germany, Pakistan, and Croatia. The 2019 ATS/IDSA CPGs appropriately recommend covering 93.6% of the cases compared with 90.3% of the ERS CPGs (p < 0.01). S. pneumoniae remains the most common pathogen in patients hospitalized with CAP. Multinational CPG recommendations for patients with CAP seem to appropriately cover the most common pathogens and should be strongly encouraged for the management of CAP patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Correction to: Bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent hospitalized patients and appropriateness of empirical treatment recommendations: an international point-prevalence study (European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, (2020), 39, 8, (1513-1525), 10.1007/s10096-020-03870-3)
No full textIn the originally published article, the individual collaborator names were not captured under the group name “GLIMP Collaborators”. The names are now captured correctly under this group accordingly. The original article has been corrected
