18 research outputs found
A shallow crack assessment scheme for generalised material behaviour in pure bending
No full textAn engineering J-integral estimation procedure has been developed from data generated using finite element computations. The study has been focused on shallow edge cracked geometries with crack depths up to 10% of the specimen depth and subjected to severe localised plastic deformation under pure bending loading. The material behaviour considered is of a generalised nature—one that consists of a perfectly plastic plateau preceding the work hardening region, which is represented by power law. J-estimation equations were developed from curve-fitting a large number of J versus remote strain curves obtained from finite element analyses. The validity of the proposed scheme was confirmed by comparison with finite element solutions on specimens with fictitious and real material curves. The current work, together with a previously presented scheme for tension loading, hence provides a comprehensive treatment of defect assessment of shallow cracked geometries under severe localised plastic deformation.<br/
The effects of weld mismatch on J-integrals and Q-values for semi-elliptical surface flaws
No full textThree-dimensional finite element analysis of shallow semi-elliptical surface flaws in the centre of rectangular welds was undertaken, and the effects of varying weld mismatch and weld width on J-integrals and Q-values were investigated. An interesting relationship between weld width and the applied load at failure, as predicted from a J–Q failure locus, was observed. The practicalities of modifying the J- and Q-estimation schemes developed for homogeneous plates to include mismatch effects were investigated using a limited parametric study
The sensitivity of J-integrals to material law variations for semi-elliptical surface cracks
No full textJ estimation for shallow semi-elliptical surface cracks in wide plates under pure bending
No full textThree-dimensional finite element models have been used to predict the J versus applied strain behaviour of shallow semi-elliptical surface cracks in wide steel plates. These models were loaded in pure bending up to fully plastic conditions that produced maximum strains remote from the crack of 10 times the yield strain. This study examined cracks with a crack depth to plate thickness ratio (a/t) in the range 0.05–0.15, and crack depth to crack half-length ratio (a/c) from 0.2 to 0.57, in elastic-hardening materials as well as those with a yield plateau before strain-hardening. The results were found to differ significantly from those obtained from plane strain analyses, and a J estimation scheme was developed from the three-dimensional results. Comparisons between the results obtained in this work and the J predictions provided by existing defect assessment methods show that the proposed equations are a significant improvement when large strains are likely.<br/
Effects of biaxial loading on crack driving force and constraints in shallow semi-elliptical surface flaws
No full textThree-dimensional, elastic-plastic finite element analyses have been carried out to investigate the effects of biaxial loading on J-integrals and Q-values for shallow semi-elliptical surface flaws in wide plates. Direct tension and pure bending loading of up to about 10 times the yield strain were applied to models with linear elastic-power hardening and tripartite material behaviours. Crack depths were limited to 15 percent of the plate thickness. Differences were observed between the effects of biaxiality on J-strain behaviour for cracks in semi-infinite plates and those in finite width plates. The cracked semi-infinite geometry was considered more representative of structural applications. In this case, biaxial loading gave a large increase in J-integrals compared to uniaxial loading, but had negligible effect on constraint, as measured using the Q-value
J-estimation for semi-elliptical surface cracks in wide plates under direct tension
No full textLarge marine structures can be subjected to extensive localized damage, with strains reaching 10 times the yield strain. Small defects might propagate, and accurate defect assessment is required for safe operation. To simulate this problem, J-integrals have been computed for semielliptical cracks in wide steel plates under tension. Three-dimensional (3D) elastic–plastic finite element analysis was used to model shallow crack geometries with 0.2???a/c???0.57 and 0.05???a/t???0.15. The material responses were linear elastic followed either by power hardening, or perfect plasticity and power hardening. It was found that, in contrast to previous studies on single edge notch geometries, the material law does not have a major influence on the J–strain behaviour. Results obtained from the 3D analyses form the basis for the development of a J-based estimation scheme.<br/
Critique and Semantic Modification in Gramsci’s Approach to Paradigmatic Translation
No full textL’articolo è stato pubblicato su Italian Culture, il principale annuario di studi italiani nordamericana; le pubblicazioni in tale rivista sono soggette al parere positivo di due referee anonimi. Il testo rappresenta la rielaborazione di una relazione tenuta dall’autore nel corso del 120° convegno annuale della Modern Language Association statunitense (Philadelphia, 2004).
Scopo dell’articolo è l’analisi di alcune traduzioni intralinguistiche nel campo delle scienze umane, con particolare riguardo alle nozioni di traducibilità sviluppate nei Quaderni del carcere di Antonio Gramsci, e alla loro applicazione, sempre nei Quaderni, ad alcuni autori chiave lì discussi; sono escluse dalla considerazione le nozioni di B. Croce, già ampiamente analizzate altrove da Boothman. Nello specifico l’articolo prende in esame il modo in cui Gramsci modifica concetti presi dai discorsi teorici e concettuali altrui e li incorpora nel proprio paradigma, effettuando così una traduzione inter-paradigmatica, del tipo discusso anche dal filosofo e storico delle scienze, Thomas Kuhn, a partire dagli anni Sessanta. I concetti e gli autori presi in esame sono: il discorso del liberalismo gobettiano; la questione degli intellettuali (con riferimento a Mannheim, Weber ed altri nella scienze umane); il modo in cui Piero Sraffa, famoso economista ed amico di Gramsci, effettuò (nel suo libro Produzione di merci a mezzo di merci ed altrove) un’operazione simile a quella del prigioniero nei confronti dell’economia neo-classica (Alfred Marshall). Si fa cenno anche alla traducibilità di Marx nel paradigma sraffiano, nonché, vista l’omologia di alcune strutture in Marx ed Hegel, recentemente discussa dallo studioso di Marx, C.J. Arthur, della traduzione nel paradigma marxiano degli schemata hegeliani.
The article looks at a given number of intralinguistic translations in the human sciences, paying particular attention to Gramsci's notion of translatability and his application of it to a number of key authors discussed in the Prison Notebooks (excluding the case of Croce, already dealt with elsewhere by the author of the current article). The article examines how Gramsci modifies concepts from other theoretical and ideological discourses (paradigms) and incorporates them into his own schema, i.e. the method he uses to translate the terms of one ideological discourse into another. Particular attention is paid to Piero Gobetti and his advanced notion of liberalism, to the question of the intellectuals (as conceived by various other authors - Mannheim, Weber etc. - and the possibility or otherwise of translating their schemata into the Gramscian paradigm). Reference is made to other similar operations carried out in the human sciences. Some of the operations carried out by Piero Sraffa, with reference on the one hand to Marx, and on the other to the neo-classical economist Alfred Marshall, in Sraffa’s path-breaking Production of Commodities by means of Commodities are examined, as is the Hegel-Marx relationship, as it appears in the recently analysis by the British Marx-scholar, Christopher Arthur. The article was first presented as a paper at the 120th Congress of the Modern Language Association (MLA) in Philadelphia, December 2004
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The Yogiebogeybox
No full textThe Yogiebogeybox is a novel-in-stories. This novel explores spiritual transcendence and the connection of art to that spiritual journey. A variety of points of view are employed in the narrative in order to depict the journey of the protagonist, Ant Malo, through this journey. Some of the narrative threads are layered, told through filters, and filters are central to the theme of this novel. In each story, the narrators, many of whom speak through the author (a character named Tracy Boothman Duyck) comment on these journeys. In "Practical Jokes" a neighbor of Ant's, Sally, has a physical experience that is orchestrated by Ant, who rests secure in his good deeds. He believes that his deeds alone, inspired by a spirit of goodwill, make him a good man. "Prince Lovely and the Little Bigs" offers a portrait of Ant's daughter Regina, an adolescent girl whose opinion of her father, in the light of events that happen in her life, would differ from his own. "In the Company of Bards" illustrates Ant's late coming-of-age and acceptance of his transgressions in the physical world and depicts how the consequence of those transgressions compel him to seek a penance that shadows his daughter's fate. Stories like "Jimi Hendrix's Banshee," "Liturgy of the Hour," and "2001- A View from a Dreamscape Out West" and "More in the Way of Dreams," bring the spiritual and sub-conscience life of Ant Malo together, and couple the presence of the metaphysical with the mystery of existence. "Mama Junk," "The Salt of Time" and "Kennedy Plaza at Dusk" examine loss, a sense of obligation to self-preservation and the limitations that individuals bring to marriage, relationships and parenthood. Levity is provided through the sections that chronicle the process of the author and her muse, both of whom sincerely and vicariously experience events in these stories. Those sections further illustrate the reality of the writing life. Work is accomplished while the author and muse slog along, gossiping, sniping, mothering and imagining elaborate book deals and Hollywood options. Incidentally, all sections depicting the author-as-character are strictly fictional. Any similarity to the actual author's personality, temperament, appearance, predilections, or habits are purely coincidental
The role of educative thought in the life and work of Antonio Gramsci
No full textMany philosophers have propounded a vision of an improved society, what distinguishes Antonio Gramsci is his continuous effort to make it happen by understanding the process in order to put into practice. Gramsci's conviction about the importance of educative development came from both theory and experience. While there has been considerable examination of Gramsci's work in relation to the Prison Notebooks, this study will seek to address a lacuna in Gramsci scholarship. Using Gramsci's philological method, I analyse Gramsci's pre-prison activity; his pre-prison articles and letters, which, together with his letters from prison, formed part of his educative mission. This educative process was necessary, in order to construct a new party which would develop a collective will, collaboratively, with the masses.In this study therefore, I explore the contexts and formative experiences of the first part of his life together with the intellectual sources from which Gramsci developed his later theories, making central hitherto underemphasised connections between them which informed his writing and ideas. I intend to illustrate that Gramsci's underlying purpose in his writing, and political activity, was not only practical, on how to create a new socialist ruling class, but also educative in forming the mindset and values of his comrades. So that in addition to outlining his vision of a new order, he implicitly guided or explicitly explained the processes by which the necessary changes in social relations and moral climate could be made in order to achieve it. Each person had to engage with the values of the new order so that each could contribute to the construction of a new robust state. It was essential to build a hegemony at the most profound level, one which was dependent on collective understandings and a collective will
Conducting ecological risk assessments of inorganic metals and metalloids: current status
No full textEcological risk assessment (ERA) of inorganic metals and metalloids (metals) must be specific to these substances and cannot be generic because most metals arc naturally occurring, some are essential, speciation affects bioavailability, and bioavailability is determined by both external environmental conditions and organism physiological/biological characteristics. Key information required for ERA of metals includes: emissions, pathways, and movements in the environment (Do metals accumulate in biota above background concentrations?); the relationship between internal dose and/or external concentration (Are these metals bioreactive?); and the incidence and severity of any effects (Are bioreactive metals likely to result in adverse or, in the case of essential metals, beneficial effects?)-ground-truthed in contaminated areas by field observations. Specific requirements for metals ERA are delineated for each ERA component (Hazard Identification, Exposure Analysis, Effects Analysis, Risk Characterization), updating Chapman and Wang (2000). In addition, key specific information required for ERA is delineated by major information category (conceptual diagrams, bioavailability, predicted environmental concentration [PEC], predicted no effect concentration [PNEC], tolerance, application [uncertainty] factors, risk characterization) relative to three different tiered, iterative levels of ERA: Problem Formulation, Screening Level ERA (SLERA), and Detailed Level ERA (DLERA). 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