54 research outputs found
Phenotypic analysis of the Plp-deficient mouse
No full textAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN033951 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo
Myelin proteolipid proteins promote the interaction of oligodendrocytes and axons
No full textAlthough proteolipid protein (PLP) and its DM20 isoform are the major membrane proteins of CNS myelin, their absence causes surprisingly few developmental defects. In comparison, missense mutations of the X‐linked Plp gene cause severe dysmyelination. Previous studies have established roles for PLP/DM20 in the formation of the intraperiod line and in maintaining axonal integrity. We now show that a normal number of oligodendrocytes are present in mice lacking PLP/DM20. However, in heterozygous females, which are natural chimeras for X‐linked genes, oligodendrocytes lacking PLP/DM20 are in direct competition with wild‐type oligodendrocytes that have a distinct advantage. PLP+ oligodendrocytes and PLP+ myelin sheaths make up the greater majority, and this feature is generalised in the CNS throughout life. Moreover, in the absence of PLP/DM20, a proportion of small‐diameter axons fails to myelinate, remaining ensheathed but lacking a compact sheath, or show delayed myelination. These findings suggest that PLP/DM20 is also involved in the early stages of axon–oligodendrocyte interaction and wrapping of the axon
Delayed-onset urinary incontinence in five female dogs with ectopic ureters
No full textThis case series describes five female dogs with congenital ectopic ureter presenting with delayed-onset urinary incontinence out of 22 female dogs diagnosed with ectopic ureter over a 102-month period at a veterinary teaching hospital. All five dogs improved following surgical treatment of ectopic ureter, but only three remained continent long-term without further intervention. Delayed-onset urinary incontinence in female dogs with ectopic ureters may be more common than the current literature suggests. Congenital ectopic ureter should be considered and investigated as a possible contributing factor in female dogs presenting with delayed-onset urinary incontinence
Gastric disease in the dog and cat
No full textThe physiology of the normal gastric defence mechanisms in the dog and cat is reviewed to emphasize the routes by which drugs can be used to protect the gastric mucosa. The action of the main anti-ulcer and pro-kinetic drugs are discussed in relation to the diseases that they may be used to treat. Gastric disease in the form of gastric dilatation/volvulus, chronic vomiting without obstruction and gastric outflow disease are described from the point of view of diagnosis and treatment
Epidermal growth factor receptor as a therapeutic target in veterinary oncology
No full textEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that stimulates cell proliferation and survival and becomes dysregulated in a range of solid tumours in man. It is recognized as a key oncogenic driver and has become a favoured therapeutic target and a prognostic and predictive marker of cancer in man. In animals, EGFR dysregulation is emerging as a potential factor in the development of a number of naturally occurring tumours including mammary, lung, glial and epithelial cancers. Comparative analyses suggest that these diseases share many features with equivalent diseases in man and EGFR may have value as a prognostic or a biological marker of animal disease. There is still little direct evidence that EGFR is a critical oncogenic driver in naturally occurring animal disease and there are no veterinary trials of EGFR-targeted therapy. These will be critical steps in establishing a role for EGFR in veterinary oncology
Neurological dysfunction in three dogs and one cat following attenuation of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts
No full textNeurological dysfunction is an uncommon complication following extrahepatic portosystemic shunt ligation. Three dogs and one cat are described that developed neurological signs within 21 to 42 hours of attenuation of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. None of these cases had biochemical evidence of hepatic encephalopathy postoperatively. Two dogs died during management of status epilepticus following aspiration of food. One dog died six months postoperatively. The cat had persistent neurological dysfunction at discharge, but was alive and had recovered most of its neurological function at the time of writing, 37 months after surgery. This report demonstrates the potential for animals with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts to develop postoperative neurological signs and highlights the difficulty of managing such cases. Two dogs had both intrahepatic and extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Large intestinal malrotation (partial situs inversus) may have been linked to the development of a portosystemic shunt in the remaining dog
Author response
No full textRegulated nuclear translocation of the PER/CRY repressor complex is critical for negative feedback regulation of the circadian clock of mammals. However, the precise molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we report that KPNB1, an importin β component of the ncRNA repressor of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NRON) ribonucleoprotein complex, mediates nuclear translocation and repressor function of the PER/CRY complex. RNAi depletion of KPNB1 traps the PER/CRY complex in the cytoplasm by blocking nuclear entry of PER proteins in human cells. KPNB1 interacts mainly with PER proteins and directs PER/CRY nuclear transport in a circadian fashion. Interestingly, KPNB1 regulates the PER/CRY nuclear entry and repressor function, independently of importin α, its classical partner. Moreover, inducible inhibition of the conserved Drosophila importin β in lateral neurons abolishes behavioral rhythms in flies. Collectively, these data show that KPNB1 is required for timely nuclear import of PER/CRY in the negative feedback regulation of the circadian clock
A Study on Korea-USA FTA on the Korean Agricultural Sector: Issues and Counter Strategies
No full textThis study aims to analyze the impact of the Korea-USA FTA (hereinafter "KORUS FTA") on the Korean agricultural sector, and suggests the strategies to cope with the opening of the Korean agricultural market under the KORUS FTA. To satisfy the aim, this paper proceeds as follows:
An the introduction, the background, purpose, scope, method, and the innovative points of this paper are presented.
Chapter 2 provides a brief introduction of the KORUS FTA followed by a theoretical review on the FTA. The first part of this chapter explains various aspects of the FTA, including the definition, characteristics, present conditions, and the economic effects. The FTA is a regional trade agreement, which promotes intra-regional trade and liberalization of the investment among the member countries, and yet allows the member countries to maintain their trade policies autonomy. For that reason, the number of FTA has shown astonishing growth and expansion recently. The second part mainly discusses on the KORUS FTA and its importance with focus paid to the agricultural sector. The FTA with the US is an opportunity for Korea to boost its economy. In particular, it will allow Korea to diversify its exports, offering a chance to regain its competitiveness in areas of apparel, textile and footwear, as the US lowers tariffs on these import items from Korea. At the same time, Korea can expect a greater inflow of foreign direct investment into its knowledge-based service industries as well as culture industryits domestic market will strengthen, leading to greater domestic consumer spending. However, the US hopes to open Korea's agricultural market due to its strong advantages in the farming sector. Because of its weak competitiveness, Korea has emphasized the need for a grace period in the agricultural sector.
In Chapter 3, after introducing the status quo of agricultural sectors in Korea and the US, their agricultural trade relation is explored. In addition, the comparison of competitiveness in the agricultural sector between two countries is made. Agriculture is considered the major sticking point of the KORUS FTA. Korea's average applied tariff on all goods and services is 11.2 percent, more than three times that of the US figure. But on agricultural products, the Korean average tariff is 52 percent, more than four times as large as the US average. In 2005, Korea exported 2.1 billion of farm goods from the US suppliers, recording a deficit of 1 billion) to 8.2 trillion won.
Chapter 4 probes into the economic effects of the KORUS FTA on the Korean agricultural sector, and subsequent policy implications for the Korean economy. This is done under the framework of the computable general equilibrium(CGE) model. According to the CGE simulation results, the Korean agriculture sector will be damaged by the KORUS FTA in terms of both production output and welfare reductions to the Korean agricultural sector, but the analysis shows that these reductions will be less severe than expected, due to the trade-increasing effects of the FTA.
Chapter 5 addresses the US' FTA strategies on the agricultural sector. As a “multi-purpose” FTA encompassing both commerce and security, the KORUS FTA stands to harmonize the economic interests between the two nations and efficiently control their growing mutual reliance as well as fulfill the strategic diplomatic requirements of the two nations. From the US perspective, the KORUS FTA could serve to counter a rapidly growing China since Korea is a major supplier of intermediate materials (85 percent of Korea’s export) used for China’s export to the US. If the agricultural problems are smoothly resolved during the KORUS FTA negotiations, it will serve as a useful example for applying pressure on Japan during later commercial negotiations.
Despite Korea's place as one of the top destination for US agricultural exports, US government and agricultural industry officials contend that Korea retains a number of tariff and non-tariff barriers that have stunted US bilateral exports. Korean agricultural tariffs are particularly high compared to the US and most OECD members. According to USTR, Korea's average applied agricultural tariffs are 52%, more than four times the US average. The completion of a comprehensive FTA therefore is to dramatically expand US agricultural exporters' access to the Korean market. US agricultural exports will increase by more than 200% within four years after the KORUS FTA is implemented. Korea's farmers, while shrinking in terms of population and contribution to GDP, remain a politically powerful force in Korea.
Chapter 6 presents issues on the KORUS FTA and Korea's counter strategy. In the first part, the author points out issues on the following three sections: trade and competitiveness, agricultural productivity and income distribution, and US' trade and negotiation strategy. The second part of this chapter sets forth Korea's negotiation and counter strategy for the KORUS FTA. For the counter strategy, five measures are suggested: firstly, the strengthening of international competitiveness in the agricultural sector, secondly, the improvement in direct payment system as a farm income support policy, thirdly, the increasement of off-farm income, fourthly, the introduction of a farm price insurance system, and lastly, the extension of self-help funds.
In Chapter 7, the author concludes the study. The KORUS FTA is expected to have positive effects on the Korean economy and industries, but the production value of farm produces and agricultural income will decrease more than that of the years prior to the KORUS FTA. Therefore to ease the FTA shock to the agricultural sector, it is important to make an effort to negotiate for maximum benefits to the farming population, and to extend over a long period of time on the diminution or abolition of tariffs on agricultural products in the KORUS FTA negotiations. And the comprehensive measures for agricultural and rural development by the Special Law for FTA need to be enforced. In additional to these, it should be enhanced the competitive power of the Korean agricultural products in quality and safety, compensated for the income loss stemming from the FTA. It is also important that the agricultural production and marketing system should be re-tooled to cope with the opening of the domestic agricultural market under the FTA.제1장 서론 = 1
제1절 문제의 제기 = 1
제2절 연구의 목적과 범위 = 3
제3절 연구의 방법과 구성 = 4
제2장 FTA의 이론적 검토와 한ㆍ미 FTA = 5
제1절 FTA의 개념과 경제적 효과 = 5
1. FTA의 개념과 세계적 확산 = 5
2. FTA의 경제적 효과 = 9
제2절 한ㆍ미 FTA와 농업부문 = 15
1. 한ㆍ미 FTA의 필요성 = 15
2. 한ㆍ미 FTA 농업부문 = 18
제3장 한ㆍ미 농업부문과 농산물 교역현황 및 경쟁력 비교 = 21
제1절 한국의 농업부문 현황 = 21
1. 농업여건 및 생산현황 = 21
2. 농산물 교역현황 = 26
제2절 미국의 농업부문 현황 = 31
1. 농업여건과 생산현황 = 31
2. 농산물 교역현황 = 37
제3절 한ㆍ미 농산물 교역현황 및 경쟁력 비교 = 40
1. 대미 농산물 교역현황 = 40
2. 대미 농산물 교역의 특징 = 44
3. 한ㆍ미 농업 경쟁력 비교 = 50
제4장 한ㆍ미 FTA 농업부문의 경제적 효과 분석 = 58
제1절 한ㆍ미 FTA가 한국의 농업부문에 미치는 예상효과 = 58
제2절 한ㆍ미 FTA의 경제적 효과 분석 = 63
1. 분석틀 = 63
2. 실증분석 결과 = 70
제3절 분석결과의 종합 = 79
제5장 한ㆍ미 FTA 농업부문에 대한 미국의 통상전략 및 쟁점 = 84
제1절 한ㆍ미 농산물 분쟁 = 84
제2절 미국의 통상 전략과 한ㆍ미 FTA 농업부문 전략 = 86
1. 미국의 대외 통상 전략 = 86
2. 미국의 FTA 기본 전략 = 88
3. 한ㆍ미 FTA 농업부문 전략 = 90
제3절 농업부문의 예상 쟁점 = 93
1. 양허수준 = 93
2. 한국의 관세율 = 95
3. 수입통관절차와 식품검사기준 = 98
제6장 한ㆍ미FTA 농업부문에 대한 문제점과 한국의 대응전략 = 100
제1절 한ㆍ미 FTA 농업부문의 문제점 = 100
1. 교역 및 경쟁력상의 문제점 = 100
2. 농업생산 및 소득분배상의 문제점 = 104
3. 미국의 통상 및 협상전략상의 문제점 = 108
제2절 한ㆍ미 FTA 협상 및 한국의 대응전략 = 109
1. 한ㆍ미 FTA 협상전략 = 109
2. 한ㆍ미 FTA 협상에 대한 한국의 대응전략 = 128
제7장 결론 = 149
참고문헌 = 15
Whole blood manganese concentrations in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts
No full textBackground: Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral that is a cofactor for many enzymes required in the synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Because hepatic clearance is essential in Mn homeostasis, conditions in humans resulting in hepatic insufficiency including cirrhosis and both acquired and congenital portosystemic shunting have been reported to result in increased blood Mn concentrations and increased Mn content in the central nervous system. Because Mn toxicity causes neurologic disturbances, increased Mn concentrations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.
Hypotheses: Dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (cPSS) have significantly higher whole blood Mn concentrations than do healthy dogs or those with nonhepatic illnesses.
Animals: Eighteen dogs with cPSS, 26 dogs with nonhepatic illnesses, and 14 healthy dogs.
Methods: Whole blood Mn was measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The diagnosis of cPSS was made by ultrasonography or during celiotomy either by visual inspection of a shunting vessel or portovenography.
Results: Dogs with a cPSS had significantly higher whole blood Mn concentrations than did healthy dogs and dogs with nonhepatic illnesses. Whole blood Mn concentrations were not significantly different between healthy dogs and dogs with nonhepatic illnesses.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Dogs with a cPSS have significantly increased whole blood Mn concentrations. Additional studies are warranted to investigate the role of Mn in cPSS‐associated hepatic encephalopathy
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