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Trimma hamartium Winterbottom 2018, new species
No full textTrimma hamartium new species Mistaken Pygmygoby Figs. 1–7. Trimma preclarum —non Winterbottom, 2006:63 (Fiji specimens only); Winterbottom & Hoese, 2015:73 (?—Australian material); Sunobe et al., 2017 (specimens used for sex determination only, see supplement). Material examined. The description is based primarily on the type specimens, although data from all specimens from the South-West Islands of Palau (n = 488) were recorded for the fifth pelvic-fin ray (unbranched or branched), the number of sensory papillae in row c, and the relative lengths of the second and third dorsal spines of the first dorsal fin (where undamaged). Holotype. ROM 83314, 19.2 mm SL male, Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, outer reef on W side, N of channel but S of large wreck, 2.91223° N, 131.7443° E, huge variety of hard corals, some alcyonarians, hydroids, sponges, tunicates; steep reef slope with small caves and overhangs, some with sandy floors, 23–34 m, rotenone, 20080924, Field No. RW 08-37, R. Winterbottom et al. Paratypes. ROM 102746, 43 (9.6–18.4), collected with the holotype. ROM 102747, 19 (16.2–19.2), collected with the holotype (data taken for detailed description). ROM CS 1971, 5 (10.3–19.5), collected with the holotype (now cleared and stained). Non-type material: ROM 83027, (25.3), Sonsoral State, off SE tip of Pulo Anna, about 10 m from surf line, 4.6525° N, 131.95438° E, Halimeda, heavy cover of hard corals (Acropora, Pocillopora, Millepora, plate corals, lettuce corals), U-shaped channel about 10 m wide at seaward side and 3 m wide at shore side, floor 17 m at outside shelving to 9 m at tip, numerous caves at base of tip, floor of channel mostly of live coral, 7–15 m, rotenone, 20080913, Field No. RW08-09, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83062, 20 (14.8–23.8), Hatohobei State, off northern tip of Tobi Island on E side, 3.01175° N, 131.13182° E, extensive hard coral cover, hydroids in caves, steep reef slope to 15–20 m, then vertical wall with caves and undercuts with sandy floors, 18–30 m, rotenone, 20080915, Field No. RW08-12, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83073, 51 (14.5–20.6), Hatohobei State, Tobi island, off southern-most tip of fringing reef, 2.99735° N, 131.12303° E, good hard corals (Acropora, Pocillopora, plate coral), hydroids in caves, sponges, almost vertical wall with several large caves with sand/rubble floors, undercuts, and a few small platforms, 16–28 m, rotenone, 20080915, Field No. RW08-13, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83149, 13 (13.6–18.3), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, N side of pass into lagoon, 2.87298° N, 131.7423° E, star corals, galaxids, Acropora, cactus corals, many gorgonians, hydroids, brown encrusting algae, slope (45°) on N side of channel about middle of pass, beach rock and coarse sand, 8–20 m, rotenone, 20080917, Field No. RW08- 18, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83195, 4 (13.0–17.3), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, N side of pass near seaward entrance, 2.87448° N, 131.74018° E, numerous hard corals on coral rock base, steep (70°) rocky slope flattening out to sand and rubble bottom near bottom of channel, 14–23 m, rotenone, 20080918, Field No. RW08-20, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83220, 20 (13.3–18.6), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, at marker buoy on W side of 'no take' zone in middle of lagoon, 2.879722° N, 131.775° E, some live coral (lettuce, Acropora, Seriatopora), a few soft corals, rubble ridge just W of W side of old river channel (which leads to main channel), 15–28 m, rotenone, 20080919, Field No. RW08-23, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83232, 3 (15.9–16.1), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, S side of pass about 100 m E from outer reef entrance, 2.87228° N, 131.7382° E, sea fans, sea whips, some hard corals, hydroids, green algae, steep (about 90°) wall of channel, mostly limestone, with numerous very small caves, some with sand floors, 20–35 m, rotenone, 20080920, Field No. RW08-25, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83235, 3 (15.2–17.5), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, S side of main channel at about half-way point, 2.87145° N, 131.75652° E, variety of hard corals (Acropora, Pocillopora, star corals), Millepora, sponges, sea-whips (antipatherians), hydroids, soft corals, rocky 'bommies' with large patches of sand (patch reef), 8–20 m, rotenone, 20080920, Field No. RW08-26, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83248, 22 (10.8–17.7), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, outer reef near NE tip, 2.96687° N, 131.83512 E, large beds of Halimeda, some hard corals (Meandrina, star corals) and hydroids, sponges, ascidians, 75° drop-off slope with small caves, overhangs, crevices, some coral rubble, 18–26 m, rotenone, 20080921, Field No. RW08-27, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83254, 25 (10.5–19.5), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, E side of outer reef, about 6 km SSE of island in lagoon, 2.92278° N, 131.83118° E, mixed hard corals (Acropora, Pocillopora, star and cactus corals, lots of Halimeda; sloping reef top (20°) over lip of drop-off slope (about 90°), some overhangs and sand-floored small caves, 4–25 m, rotenone, 20080921, Field No. RW08-28, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83261, 82 (10.6–16.6), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, outer reef along SE edge, 2.82773° N, 131.78827° E, sea fans, hard corals (variety), soft corals (Nephytes), hydroids in overhangs, steep drop-off slope (ca 85°) with small caves, overhangs, some sand and rubble, 20–35 m, rotenone, 20080922, Field No. RW08-29, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83272, 19 (10.0–20.8), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, south end 'embayment', vertical drop-off from reef top (no reef slope), 2.79918° N, 131.75505° E, sponges, hydroids, sea-fans, ascidians, some small heads of hard corals, vertical wall covered with sponges, small hard corals, ascidians with large sandyfloored cave (floor at 27 m, hydroids in cave), then sand/rock/patch reef, 22–34 m, rotenone, 20080922, Field No. RW08-30, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83304, 28 (10.2–18.5), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, southern margin near E end, 2.79887° N, 131.75553° E, hydroids, some hard coral, sea fans, sponges, ascidians, cave (ca. 15 m wide, 4 m high) and surrounding area with sand/silt floor, floor at 27 m, 24–32 m, rotenone, 20080923, Field No. RW08- 33, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83324, 21 (9.7–20.1), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, S coast near E point, 2.79933° N, 131.75477° E, lots of hard and soft corals, some sea fans, sponges, vertical wall of drop-off, to sill above cave sampled in RW08-33, 12– 30 m, rotenone, 20080924, Field No. RW08-38, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83335, 26 (9.8–17.8), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, W side, about 1.3 km south of channel entrance, 2.86308° N, 131.73012° E, wide variety of hard corals, some sea-fans and sea whips, Millepora, sponges, ascidians, reef slope (ca 75°) down from reef-top, 10–30 m, rotenone, 20080925, Field No. RW08-40, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83338, 2 (13.0–14.8), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, about 600 m N of large wreck on W coast; outer reef, 2.941° N, 131.77068° E, huge variety of hard corals (esp. Acropora, with several tabular forms), Pocillopora, star and cactus, Fungia, some rock, a few small caves, reef top to below lip of drop-off slope (ca. 80°), 2.5–22 m, rotenone, 20080926, Field No. RW08-42, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83351, 60 (10.7–19.5), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, NW outer reef about 1.5 km S of northern large ship wreck, NW of N tip of island in lagoon, 2.99385° N, 131.79958° E, huge variety of hard corals (Acropora, Pocillopora, cactus, star, lettuce corals), a few hydroids, soft corals, some encrusting algae, steep (80–85°) drop-off slope just past lip of reef slope, a few small caves (some with sand floor, most with rubble) and crevices, 7–33 m, rotenone, 20080927, Field No. RW08-45, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 83374, 51 (9.7–18.2), Hatohobei State, Helen Reef, S coast at W side, 2.80222° N, 131.73137° E, lots of hard corals, some sea-fans, sponges, hydroids, almost vertical wall of drop-off, numerous small, sandy-floored caves, crevices, some coral rubble, 23–36 m, rotenone, 20080928, Field No. RW08-48, R. Winterbottom et al. (see also under “Tissues”). ROM 83398, 4 (15.1–17.5), Sonsoral State, Merir Island, E coast, a little south of northern tip, 4.3228° N, 132.31712° E, Acropora, Porites, star and lettuce corals, numerous sea-fans, Halimeda, steep (ca 75°) reef slope with moderate coral cover, limestone, a few small caves and crevices with coarse sand floors, 22–35 m, rotenone, 20080929, Field No. RW08-50, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 101386, 2 (21.0–22.3), Sonsoral State, SW corner of Sonsoral Island just before southern tip, 5.315° N, 132.22639° E, lots of soft corals, hydroids in caves, good hard corals (including Acropora and Pocillopora), vertically walled steep gully from flat reef-top at 16 m with numerous caves and undercuts with coarse white sand/shell fragments, 16–33 m, rotenone, 20080911, Field No. RW08-03, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 101394, 4 (12.9–21.3), Sonsoral State, off middle of SE coast of Merir Island, 4.30552° N, 132.3154° E, lots of soft and hard corals, steep crevice and vertical wall with small caves and overhangs, 20–35 m, rotenone, 20080914, Field No. RW08-10, M. Westneat et al. ROM 101395, (19.8), Sonsoral State, off SW coast of Merir Island, about 3/4 of the way S down length of island, 4.30725° N, 132.30643° E, rich coral cover, lots of plate forms of Acropora, Pocillopora, Millepora, some Halimeda, hydroids in caves, gully running from surf zone, ending in sheer drop-off at 25 m, large cave at 20 m on S wall, steep slope to gully, some undercuts, 12–30 m, rotenone, 20080914, Field No. RW08-11, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 101396, (19.4), Sonsoral State, off middle of E coast of Pulo Anna, 4.65195° N, 131.95375° E, lots of hard and soft corals (Acropora, Pocillopora), many Acropora in plate form, Millepora, hydroids, sponges, Halimeda, vertical wall with numerous caves and undercuts, floors with algal covered 'pebbles' and coral debris, 20–31 m, rotenone, 20080913, Field No. RW08-08, R. Winterbottom et al. Tissues (non-types): ROM T20912, T20914, T20915, T20916 and T20917 (originally preserved in 80% ethyl alcohol), collectively catalogued under ROM 84868, 5 (13.8–17.1), ex-ROM 83374. Other material. Australia; Great Barrier Reef: See under material listed as T. preclarum in Winterbottom & Hoese (2015:73). Fiji: Paratypes of T. preclarum, as listed in Winterbottom (2006:63). Indonesia: ROM 101382, 2 (16.0-20.7), West Papua, Mapia Atoll, off southern tip of Pulau Pegun, 50 m, 00° 47.795' N, 134° 18.198' E, MVE- 16-068, 22 Oct., 2016, M.V. Erdmann. Niue: ROM 101364, 20.1 mm SL female, Snake Gully, 19° 07.584' S, 169° 54.997' E, 15 m., clove oil, 1 Sept., 2016, MVE-16–057, M.V. Erdmann. ROM 101381, 23.0 mm SL male, collected with ROM 101364. Solomon Is.: USNM 365581, 8 (14.0–18.9), Santa Cruz Is., Ngalo I., 10°16'30" S, 166°19'00" E, steep vertical wall with rubble at base, 0–35 m, rotenone, 19 Sept., 1998, Field No. SOL 98–06, J.T. Williams et al. Diagnosis. A species of Trimma with scales absent from the cheeks and opercle, 8–9 scales in predorsal midline, a short second dorsal spine reaching to a mean of the base of the first ray of the second dorsal fin when abducted, 17–19 pectoral-fin rays with 5–10 branched rays in the middle of the fin, an unbranched 5th pelvic-fin ray that is 51–64% the length of 4th ray, 17–19 total gill rakers, 6 papillae in row c below the eye, and a U-shaped bony interorbital with a narrow slit-like postorbital trench which ends at the posteriormost papilla in row p. When freshly collected, the new species has a reddish head with 3–4 yellow bars on the cheek, a red iris with four yellow spots, a yellow body, lighter posteriorly, with scales pockets outlined with melanophores and scale rows above and below midlateral row much lighter posterior to second dorsal fin origin (giving appearance of three yellow stripes on body); preserved specimens with fairly evenly distributed melanophores over the dorsal surface of the snout. Description. The description is based on the holotype and 19 paratypes. Dorsal fin VI + I 9, second spine may be slightly elongated, reaching from interspace between dorsal fins to base of 3rd ray (between bases of 1 st and 2nd rays), third dorsal spine reaching posteriorly to between fin interspace and base of 1 st or 2nd dorsal ray (base of spine of second dorsal fin), first ray of second dorsal fin branched (n = 10) or unbranched (n = 10), remaining fin rays branched except for posterior element of last ray, which reaches posteriorly 42– 44 –56% (48.5%) distance between its base and first exposed dorsal procurrent caudal-fin ray; anal fin I 8– 9 (8.9), first ray unbranched, last ray reaching posteriorly 39– 41 –51% (44.8%) distance between its base and first exposed ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray; pectoral fin 17– 18 –19 (17.9) with 4– 5 –6 (4.7) dorsal and 4– 5 –8 (6.3) unbranched rays and 5– 8 –10 (7.0) branched rays in central portion of fin, fin reaching posteriorly to region above urogenital papilla to anal spine; pelvic fin I 5, fifth ray unbranched and 51– 54 –64% (55.0%) length of fourth ray, which reaches posteriorly to between bases of first to fourth anal rays, pelvic rays 1–4 with a single sequential branch point; basal membrane apparently absent or forming fold across midline above last pre-pelvic scale; no fraenum. Lateral scales 23 –24 (23.1); anterior transverse scales 9 –10 (9.1); posterior transverse scales 8 –9 (8.1); cheek and opercle scaleless, midline of predorsal with 8– 9 (8.2) scales, anterior few rows may be cycloid, otherwise ctenoid; anteriormost scales on sides of nape (may be ctenoid or cycloid) and top of nape reaching to one scale width posterior to margin of eye; 3 vertical rows of cycloid scales on pectoral fin base with 1– 2 in anteriormost row, 2– 3 in second row and 4 in outer row (n = 18); 6– 7 –8 (7.0) cycloid scales in midline anterior to pelvic fin base; area between pelvic spine and ventral margin of pectoral fin base with cycloid (smaller specimens) or ctenoid (larger specimens) scales; anterior few rows of scales in midline of belly cycloid; sometimes anteriormost row of body scales beneath axil of pectoral fin base with cycloid scales, these scales usually ctenoid. Circumpeduncular scales 12, scales rows in midline between base of last anal ray and first ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray 8. Description of jaw teeth based on ROM 1971CS (10.3–19.5 mm SL, collected with ROM 83314). Upper jaw with outer row of 5–6 spaced, enlarged curved canines to just beyond bend of premaxilla, then much smaller (1/3rd height) similar teeth to end of premaxilla; 2–3 irregular rows of small conical teeth behind outer teeth, gradually decreasing in size posteriorly to middle of length of premaxilla, becoming reduced to single row at bend of premaxilla and continuing posteriorly to distal tip; innermost few teeth near symphysis slightly larger and posteriorly oriented. Lower jaw with 3–5 enlarged, spaced, curved canines in outer row to bend of dentary; 2–3 irregular rows of slightly curved small teeth at symphysis (innermost 1.5 times preceding teeth) and reaching posteriorly to dorsal rim of coronoid process, outer row smaller and ending at base of coronoid process Tongue relatively narrow with spatulate tip. Gill opening extending anteroventrally to below mid-pupil; gill rakers 3– 5 + 13– 14 –15 = 17– 19 (4.0 + 14.3 = 18.3). Anterior naris in short tube reaching anteriorly to above anterior margin of upper lip, posterior opening pore-like with raised rim, separated from bony front of orbit by 1 –3 times its diameter (1.8), nasal sac raised and on anterior one-third of snout. Bony interorbital width 30– 37 –43% (36.6) pupil diameter; moderate U-shaped interorbital trench and narrow, groove-like postorbital slit ending at last papilla of row p (Fig. 1 B); epaxialis reaching anteriorly in midline to vertical above posterior region of eye; no narrow ridge of skin in midline of nape extending anteriorly from origin of first dorsal fin. Caudal peduncle depth as percentage caudal peduncle length 40.8– 49.1 (44.3); head length as percentage SL 29.2– 30.3 –32.8 (31.5); as percentage head length: horizontal eye diameter 31.2– 37.2 –38.5 (36.2); snout length 20.1– 25.0 –27.9 (24.0); cheek depth 17.7– 25.1 (21.3). Cephalic sensory papillae as in Fig. 1. Number of papillae in each row: a = 6; b = 5– 6 –7 (6.0); c = 6; cp = 1; d = 5– 8 (6.3); dʹ = 6 –7 (6.6); e-anterior = 10– 14 –15 (12.4); e-posterior = 12– 13 –16 (12.7); i-anterior = 7– 8 –9 (7.9); i-posterior = 7– 8 –9 (8.0); p = 6; r = 2; f = 3 –4 (3.1); cs" = 3; g = 3–8 (5.2, n = 12, no count for holotype); n = 1; x = 5– 6 –7 (5.6); u = 4– 5 –6 (4.8); z = 5 –7 (5.4, n = 19); ot = 11– 12 –15 (12.8); os = 5– 7 (5.9, n = 17); oi = 3 –5 (3.6, n = 19). Abdominal/caudal vertebral transition Type B (based on ROM 1971CS; for definitions of Types A & B see Winterbottom, 2011:130). Colour pattern. Freshly collected, based on 35 mm colour slide of 21.3 mm SL male, ROM 101394, from Merir I, Sonsoral State (Fig. 2). Snout, jaws and cheeks reddish with diffuse yellow bars from anterior margin of eye to premaxilla one third of its length from symphysis, from anteroventral eye to distal tip of premaxilla, below posterior margin of pupil across cheek, and over posterior margin of vertical limb of preopercle. Posterodorsal cheek, operculum and suboperculum with numerous dark melanophores on red to yellowish background. Pectoral fin base yellowish brown and more or less uniformly sprinkled with brown melanophores. Iris red, with two onequarter pupil-diameter yellow spots aligned diagonally across top of pupil, and two more across ventral portion of iris, posteroventral of these spots twice size of other three. Body mostly yellow, with margins of scales heavily invested with melanophores, especially on nape and anterodorsal part of trunk, centres of scales with scattered brown melanophores. Scale rows immediately above and below midlateral scales lighter, gradually merging with remainder of body colour anteriorly above anal fin base to give impression of three yellow stripes along posterior half of body, one dorsal, one along middle and one ventral. One-quarter pupil diameter dark basal stripe, followed by a similar yellow stripe in dorsal fins, remainder of fin membranes with faint yellow wash, fin rays reddishbrown; anal fin similar but yellow stripe less well defined and yellow wash more intense and filling most of rest of fin. Caudal fin yellow, fading distally, middle rays tinged with black at tips. Pelvic fins yellow, pectoral fin membranes hyaline, rays reddish. Preserved. Holotype with fairly densely scattered brown melanophores on snout and anterior half of jaws, cheek with fairly even but well-spaced slightly larger brown melanophores which become somewhat smaller but more densely concentrated on posterodorsal part of cheek, over operculum and suboperculum, and then larger but still densely distributed on pectoral fin base (Fig. 3). Yellow bars below posterior eye and on preopercular margin in fresh specimens faintly discernible as lighter areas. Top of snout between nasal capsules and posteriorly to posterior papilla of row r fairly densely and evenly covered with dark brown melanophores (Fig. 4 A). Ventral surface between jaws, and sides of sternohyoideus muscle beneath gill membranes with scattered brown melanophores. Margins of nape and anterior body scales of dorsum faintly outlined with dark melanophores, scale pockets densely invested with large amorphous brown melanophores (Fig. 3). Belly with only a few widely scattered melanophores. Pigmentation on body gradually decreasing posteriorly. Dark basal stripe in dorsal fins, rest of fin membranes with some scattered melanophores (especially first dorsal fin). Dark basal stripe of anal fin gradually increasing in width posteriorly, reaching almost to ray tips on last two rays; distal margins with scattered small melanophores. Membranes between dorsal and ventral procurrent and unbranched caudal-fin rays with some melanophores, rest of fin hyaline. Some specimens, usually but not always <15 mm SL, with variable number of up to four small diffuse dark saddles across dorsum, first between dorsal fins, second at base of third ray of second dorsal fin, third at or just behind base of last ray, and fourth 2–3 scales anterior to first dorsal procurrent ray. The latter two are present more frequently than the former two. Etymology. From the Greek word “hamartia” (ἁµαρτία) meaning “...a mistake or error in judgment...” (see, for example, https://literarydevices.net/hamartia/), in allusion to the author’s error in not recognizing the differences between this species and T. preclarum when describing the latter. The term encompasses “wrongdoings” which may be either accidental or deliberate. Distribution. Currently recorded with certainty from the South-West Islands of Palau. Specimens from other areas which may well be this species, but for which genetic material to test for congruence is not available, include Fiji (paratypes of Trimma preclarum), Niue, the Solomon Islands, Indonesia (Mapia Atoll), Australia (Great Barrier Reef), and Kiribati (Abaiang Atoll)—see Discussion. The overall distribution (as given in Fig. 5) assumes these specimens are in fact T. hamartium. Comparisons. Trimma hamartium is part of an artificial grouping of three other valid species that share a narrow bony interorbital with interorbital and postorbital trenches, lack scales on the cheek and operculum but have scales present in the predorsal midline, have at least some branched ray present in the pectoral fin, and have an unbranched fifth pelvic-fin ray. These are: T. anthrenum Winterbottom, 2006, T. lutea Viviani et al., 2016, and T. squamicana Winterbottom, 2004. Certain aspects of morphology diff
Trimma preclarum Winterbottom, 2006, n. sp.
No full textTrimma preclarum, n. sp. (Figs. 4B, 5-7) Trimma sp - Hayashi & Shiratori, 2003:44 (bottom right, image # 073), Saipan Suggested common name: Exquisite pygmy goby Material examined A total of ten lots, 33 type specimens (8.7-20.3 mm SL) from Fiji and Palau. Holotype: ROM 77556, 20.3 male, south of Shark City, west side of Koror, south of Ulong Pass, 07°71'03"N, 134°12'00"E, drop-off wall with a few small caves, coralline algae, antipatherians and numerous small hard corals, 30.5-42.7 m, R. Winterbottom, W. Holleman, B. Hubley and D. Winterbottom, 11 June 2004. Paratypes: Fiji Islands: ROM 46012, 11(8.7-18.2), Great Astrolabe Reef, 200 yards south of Usborne Pass, 18°42'24"S, 178°30'15"S, on outside reef, 3.1 km northwest of Vanuakula, 20-23 m, R. Winterbottom and collaborators, 21 Mar 1983.ROM 46013, 1(19.2), North Astrolabe Reef, outer edge of reef on northwest side, just southwest of Beagle Pass, 3.5 km northwest of Solo Island, 18°37'06"S, 178°30'21"E, 12-21 m, R. Winterbottom and collaborators, 24 Mar 1983.ROM 46014, 2(15.8-18.8), Great Astrolabe Reef, eastern side of offshore reef, about level with Dravuni Is., 18°44'51"S, 178°33'42"E, 10-15 m, R. Winterbottom and collaborators, 29 Mar 1983.ROM 46015, 2(21.0-21.7), Great Astrolabe Reef, NW corner of Herald Pass on outer reef, 4.1 km NW of Yanu-Yanu-Sau I., 18°45'19"S, 178°28'19"E, 10-20 m, R. Winterbottom and collaborators, 2 Apr., 1983.ROM 46017, 1(19.0), Great Astrolabe Reef, Herald Pass on outer reef, 4.1 km NW of Yanu-Yanu-Sau I., 18°45'08"S, 178°28'26"E, 27 m, R. Winterbottom and collaborators, 4 Apr., 1983.Palau: AMS I.43880-001, 3(14.3-17.5), Koror, due west of the Eleven Islands, 7°11'08.1"N, 134°12'56.0"E, almost vertical outer reef slope of coral/limestone interspersed with coarse shelly sand, numerous hard corals, a thin-thallused Halimeda, some leather corals, 33.5-44.5 m, R. Winterbottom and collaborators, 23 Mar., 2006.ROM 76417, 8(15.6-18.7), Koror, just north of pass to west of Ulong I., outer reef, 07°71'02" N, 134°14'09"E, 18.3-30.5 m, R. Winterbottom and collaborators, 07 June 2004.ROM 79465, 4(16.2-19.2 mm), collected with the holotype.ROM 80020, 4(17.4-19.2) Kayangel Atoll, east coast, almost vertical outer reef drop-off with many sea-fans and few small caves, 08°05'31.1"N, 134°41'24.9"E, 23-33.5 m, R. Winterbottom and collaborators, 08 Apr. 2006. Diagnosis Trimma preclarum is characterized by the presence of predorsal scales, second and third dorsal-fin spines elongate, moderate interorbital and postorbital trenches, no opercular scales, and scales across the top half of the body outlined with pigment. The fifth pelvic fin ray is branched sequentially once or unbranched depending on the capture location. When alive T. preclarum has three yellow stripes extending along the body, two stripes in the dorsal and anal fins (one dark and one yellow) and a red or cerise iris with four large, irregularly-spaced yellow spots. Description The description is based on the holotype and up to 32 paratypes. Dorsal fins VI I 9 (n=22), second and third spine usually elongate, with second spine reaching as far as the sixth element of the second dorsal fin, rays are branched except the first and/or last fin-ray; anal fin I 8-9 (mean = 8.8, n=21); pectoral fin 17-19 (mean = 18, n=20) with 6-7-10 branched rays in the approximate centre of the fin, reaching posteriorly to a vertical line with the first few elements of the anal fin; pelvic fin I 5, no frenum, basal membrane no more than 10%, often vestigial, first four rays with one sequential branch, fifth ray unbranched (specimens from Fiji) or with one sequential branch (specimens from Palau) and 50-65% the length of the fourth, fourth ray reaching posteriorly to a vertical line with the second to fifth element of the anal fin. Lateral scales 22-23-24 (mean = 23.1, n=20), anterior transverse scales 7-8 (mean = 7.6, n=17), posterior transverse scales 6-7, (mean = 6.8, n=17); predorsal scales 6-9 (mean = 7.4, n=16); 3-7 rows of cycloid scales on breast, 6-11 cycloid scales on pectoral base, usually either in two rows of 3-4 scales or three rows of 2-4 scales, often a single additional scale at the dorsal margin of the patch; scales on the head extend to the postorbital trench, cheek and opercle scaleless. Gill opening extending anteroventrally to below the posterior margin of the pupil to mid pupil. Upper jaw with an outer row of widely spaced enlarged canines with two inner rows of small conical teeth. Lower jaw with an outer row of enlarged widely spaced canines across the front of the jaw, a middle row of small closely spaced canines and an inner row of widely spaced medium canines. The two inner rows of teeth on the lower jaw extend around the whole jaw as far as the coronoid process. Tongue round, or parenthesis shaped. Gill rakers on first arch 3-4 + 13-15 = 16-19, (mean =17.9, n=10). Anterior nasal opening a tube adjacent to the upper lip, posterior nasal opening a pore with a raised rim, both nasal openings on a raised oval sac confined to the anterior half of the snout. Bony interorbital 1/4-1/3 pupil width, with moderately developed interorbital and postorbital trenches (both wider than deep), cephalic sensory papillae as in Fig. 7 A -C. Colour Pattern: (from slides of freshly collected specimens from Fiji and Palau, and underwater photographs of live specimens - Figs 5, 6). Freshly collected specimens have three long yellow stripes down the side of the body on a dirty white to grey, semitranslucent background. The uppermost stripe begins at the origin of the first dorsal fin and runs along the top of the body. The middle stripe follows the mid lateral septum and begins in the centre of the body, roughly in line with the middle elements of the first dorsal fin. The ventralmost stripe begins just anterior to the anus and runs along the ventral portion of the body. All three stripes extend onto the caudal fin. Scale patterns are outlined across the body with melanophores, and chromatophores are scattered throughout. The dorsal fins have two stripes, a dark, one-third to one-half pupil width basal stripe, followed immediately by a thinner one-quarter pupil width yellow stripe. The anal fin is similar but the yellow stripe is wider than the basal stripe (about one-half pupil width), and may be followed by another thin dark stripe at the distal end of the fin rays. The iris is red to cerise with four large, irregularly-spaced, semi-circular yellow spots at the two, five, seven and ten o’clock positions, and small white bands or bright blue spots are present across or on the dorsal margin of the eye. Yellow bars may extend from the three ventralmost yellow spots onto the snout and cheek. A fourth yellow bar curves around the anterior edge of the opercle to the bottom of the cheek. Additional yellow blotches may be present on the head, but no recurring pattern was found. Preserved: body straw yellow with chromatophores sprinkled on head and body, with heavier concentrations dorsally and on the anterior sections of the body. The scale pattern on the dorsal half of the body is outlined with melanophores, creating a complete diamond pattern (pattern may be obscured if concentration of brown chromatophores is very heavy). Chromatophores on the pectoral base and the dorsal half of the opercle evenly distributed, chromatophores on the cheek ‘patchy’, with light bars on the cheek sometimes present. The wide, dark basal stripe in both dorsal and anal fins is readily apparent, and is followed by a hyaline stripe. Distal portions of fins have a medium concentration of melanophores. Melanophores are present in the interradial membranes of the caudal fin, and sparsely present in the pelvic fins. The pectoral fins are hyaline. A distinct band of melanophores is present on the snout. The band crosses the snout, over each nasal sac and passes up from the outside of each nasal sac to the orbit. Melanophores also extend up the centre of the snout, between the eyes to the anterior of the interorbital trench (Fig. 7B). Specimens from Palau have a highly reflective silver iris which is surrounded by a black ring (this may be the result of capture and/or preservation methods), while specimens from Fiji have a simple black iris. Affinities See the discussion under T. anthrenum for the differences between that species, T. preclarum and T. milta. Distribution Trimma preclarum has been found at Fiji, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Is., and has been photographed underwater in Saipan. Etymology Named for the Latin word “preclarus”, meaning splendid or very beautiful, in reference to the wonderful colouration of the new species when alive, especially the multihued iris. Trimma preclarum has been referred to informally as Trimma RW 26.Published as part of Richard Winterbottom, 2006, Two new species of the gobiid fish Trimma from the coral reefs of the western Pacific Ocean (Pisces; Perciformes; Gobioidei)., pp. 55-68 in Zootaxa 1331 on pages 63-6
Trimma hollemani Winterbottom, 2016, n.sp.
No full textTrimma hollemani n.sp. Holleman’s Pygmygoby Figs. 11, 28–32 Trimma tevegae: (non Cohen & Davis, 1969:321)— Allen & Erdmann, 2012:948 (partim, Raja Ampat); Winterbotton et al., 2014:88 (Group 4 only); Winterbottom & Hoese, 2015:87 (identification uncertain, Queensland only) Material examined. All type specimens collected from the Raja Ampat Regency, West Papua Province of Indonesia. The description is based primarily on up to 16 specimens (15.4–27.6 mm SL). Additional material is from Halmahera, Indonesia and Rabaul, New Britain (identifications confirmed by COI), the Great Barrier Reef of Australia, northern Sulawesi, Malaysia, and the Philippines (no genetic confirmation). Holotype. ROM 84878, 25.5 mm SL female, Keruo Id off Penemu Id, Fam Ids, 00°35'15.4"S, 130°17'41.1"E, various hard and soft corals, tunicates, and sponges, 18.3–27.4 m, clove oil, 25 Jan., 2010, R. Winterbottom & L. Katz. Paratypes. MZB.23013 (was ROM 87543), (21.4), Keruo Id, steep slope with overhangs, sand and gorgonians, 0°35'17.48" S, 130°18'34.80" E, 70 m, clove oil, 27 Aug., 2010, M.V. Erdmann. ROM 84886, (17.1), Keruo Id off Penemu Id, Fam Ids, 00°35'15.4" S, 130°17'41.1" E, 70 m, clove oil, 25 Jan., 2010, M. V. Erdmann (plus T07709). ROM 85207, 2 (19.5–21.4), Wofoh Id, west coast near south end, 00°15'21.9" S, 130°17'32.0" E, many small corals, Tubastrea, sea whips, some black coral, sea fans, tunicates, sponges, some hydroids, 18.3−22.9 m, 29 Jan., 2010, R. Winterbottom & W. Kaka (plus T07751). ROM 85256, (17.4), Fam Id, Keruo Wall, 00°35'15.4" S, 130°17'41.1" E, 70 m, clove oil, 24 May, 2010, M. V. Erdmann. ROM 85341, (27.6), E side of " Barracuda Rock " 200 m N of Wayil Id (02°11'43.4"S, 130°25'37.9"E), huge cave with lots of sea fans & sea whips near entrance at top part, large variety of soft & hard corals just outside, 19.8−27.4 m, rotenone, 1 Feb., 2010, R. Winterbottom & CI team. ROM 87533, 2 (16.4–21.9), Keruo Id, cave in steep slope with sand and gorgonians, 0°35'17.48" S, 130°18'34.80" E, 66 m, clove oil, 26 Aug., 2010, M.V. Erdmann (plus five tissue specimens, T07772 – T07776). ROM 87938, 2 (15.4–16.7), ' Spoon' sea-mount off Misool, 14 km SE of Femin Id, 02°19'53.08" S, 130°20'10.1"E, 70 m, clove oil, 2 Mar., 2011, M. V. Erdmann (plus T10814, T10815). ROM T07715, Keruo Id, off Penemu Id, Fam Ids, 00°35'15.4" S, 130°17'41.1" E, steep 80° slope with numerous small caves and overhangs, 18.3–27.4 m, clove oil, 25 Jan., 2010, R. Winterbottom & L. Katz. ROM 100155, 2(20.8–20.9), collected with the holotype (plus T07715). ROM 1913 CS (was ROM 84902), 3(15.5–20.6), Penemu Id, Fam Ids, 00°35'29.5" S, 130°17'10.7" E, 75° slope, some rubble; small caves/crevices in slope, some sand, 8–25 m, clove oil, 25 Jan., 2010, R. Winterbottom & L. Katz. Specimens cleared and stained with Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue. Additional material. Indonesia, Halmahera: ROM T12746 (tissue only), (18.6), Jailolo Patch Reef, 01°00.2928'N, 127°27.857'E, 25m, 8 May 2012, M. V. Erdmann. Papua New Guinea: New Britain, Rabaul: ROM 92124, (16.3), N side of Little Pigeon Island, S of Simpson Bay, hard and soft corals, sponges, hydroids; steep slope and vertical drop-off wall below wreck of the ' Atun', small caves and overhangs, 04°16.145'S, 152°19.457'E, 31.4 m, clove oil, 23 Nov., 2011, R. Winterbottom & W. Holleman. ROM 92129, 2 (21.–22.0), N side of Little Pigeon Id, S of Simpson Bay, hard and soft corals, sponges, hydroids; steep slope and vertical drop-off wall below wreck of the ' Atun', small caves and overhangs, 04°16.145'S, 152°19.457'E, 25.6 m, clove oil, 23 Nov., 2011, R. Winterbottom & W. Holleman (plus T13176). ROM 92137, (8.3), N side of Little Pigeon Id, S of Simpson Bay, hard and soft corals, sponges, hydroids; steep slope and vertical drop-off wall below wreck of the ' Atun', small caves and overhangs, 04°16.145'S, 152°19.457'E, 15m, clove oil, 23 Nov., 2011, R. Winterbottom & W. Holleman. ROM 92169, (17.8), SE side of Little Pigeon Id off Simpson Bay, hard and soft corals, lots of Goniopora and Tubersteria, sponges, hydroid 'trees'; vertical wall with small and large caves and crevices, 0415.993S, 15219.684E, 11.9 m, clove oil, 24 Nov., 2011, R. Winterbottom & W. Holleman. Additional material, identification not confirmed by genetic analysis. Australia: See material listed under T. tevegae in Winterbottom & Hoese (2015:87, Queensland specimens only). Indonesia: ROM 94883, (23.8), northern Sulawesi, Bunaken Id, cave with silt, 01°36.755'N, 124°44.333'E, 70m, clove oil, 0 2 Sept., 2013, M. Erdmann. Malaysia: ROM 101081, (25.2), Sabah, Pulau Sipidan, 04°07'00"N, 118°37'00"E, 8 m, 8 Sept., 1980, M. Swan. Philippines: Cebu, ROM 48569, (20.4), Mactan Id, 10°15'N, 124°00'E, 14–21 m, 29 Apr., 1980, D.F. Hoese. ROM 49222, 11 (11.8–20.3), Mactan Id near point about 0.5 km S of Hudson Beach (about 2 km south of Tambuli Beach Resort), vertical drop off with numerous hard corals and some sand and rubble, numerous small caves, 10°15'00"N, 124°00'00"E, 12–18 m, rotenone, 8 Aug., 1985, R. Winterbottom, R. & E.O. Murdy. ROM 53094, 10 (19.3–24.7), Sumilon Id, west side of island, 0.75km NE of sand spit at SW tip, 09°26´12 ½N, 123°23´06 ½E, 15.2–26.0 m, rotenone, 20 May, 1987, D. Johnson et al. ROM 53095, 11 (14.2–26.7), Sumilon Id, west side of island, 09°26´11½N, 123°23´06 ½E, 9.1–22.9 m, rotenone, 21 May, 1987, D. Johnson et al. ROM 53122, (21.7), Sumilon Id, northwest side of island about 0.25km N of sand spit, 09°26'10"N, 123°23'06"E, 3.0– 10.7 m, rotenone, 20 May, 1987, D. Johnson et al. Negros Oriental, ROM 53087, (24.6), Siquijor Id, Tonga Point at western tip off church on beach, 09°12'16"N, 123°27'15"E, 12.2–21.3 m, rotenone, 7 May, 1987, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 53088, 2 (23.5–26.0), Siquijor Id, Tonga Point, west side about 1 km from tip of point, 09°12'42"N, 123°26'56"E, 12.2–18.3 m, rotenone, 8 May, 1987, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 53089, (23.9), Siquijor Id, Tonga Point, drop off, 09°12'16"N, 123°27'16"E, 13.7–18.3 m, rotenone, 8 May, 1987, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 53091, 2 (21.9– 22.6), Siquijor Id, Tonga Point, 09°12'16"N, 123°27'16"E, 15.2–21.3 m, rotenone, 12 May,1987, R. Winterbottom et al. ROM 101082, 4(10.3–24.0), Siquijor Id, Tonga Point, 09°12'17"N, 123°27'14"E, 9.1–21.3 m, rotenone, 22 May, 1987, R.Winterbottom et al. Diagnosis. A species of Trimma with a bony interorbital 82–100% pupil diameter, 11 usually ctenoid scales in predorsal midline, a second dorsal spine that may reach to the base of the third dorsal fin ray (in mature males) or anterior to this point, normally five free neuromasts (sensory papillae) in row r on the top of the snout, usually 14– 15 pectoral-fin rays with 1–4 branched rays in about half the individuals, and an unbranched fifth pelvic-fin ray that is 47–64% the length of the fourth ray. Freshly collected specimens have a red to yellow background colour with a light stripe along the mid-lateral body that continues forward over the top of the pupil, ending posteriorly at a pale bar across the peduncle in front of the dark caudal blotch, a light stripe below the eye bordered dorsally by a narrow red stripe (both light stripes blue in life). In preserved specimens, the central dark stripe on the snout (blue in life) on snout is usually made up of amorphous brown chromatophores, often with a few scattered rounded very dark chromatophores, there is a dark blotch made up of rounded brown chromatophores on chin just behind the symphysis, and there are at least some dark chromatophores on the lower lip. Description. The description is based on up to 16 specimens, 15.4–27.6 mm SL (mean 19.7) from various islands in the Raja Ampat Regency, West Papua Province, Indonesia. Dorsal fin VI + I 8 (once I 7, n = 16), second spine somewhat elongated, reaching to between base of spine and third ray of second dorsal fin (mean to between bases of first and second rays, see Table 1), all fin rays branched except for posterior element of last (first dorsal ray unbranched in two specimens), last ray 33– 51 –69% (mean 48.4%, n = 11) of distance between its base and first dorsal procurrent caudal fin ray; anal fin I 8 (once I 7, n = 16), first ray branched (unbranched in 1), last ray 32– 42 – 81% (mean 45.5, n = 10) of distance between its base and first ventral procurrent caudal fin ray; pectoral fin 14 –15 (mean 14.3, n = 16), rays usually unbranched (between 1– 3 –4 branched rays in 7 specimens, usually on only one side of body, specimens with such rays usually> 20 mm SL), reaching posteriorly to vertical line above urogenital papilla to base of anal fin spine; pelvic fin I 5, fifth ray usually unbranched (branched in 2 specimens) and 47– 64 % (mean 54.2%, n = 13) length of fourth ray, which reaches posteriorly to between anus and base of third ray of anal fin, pelvic rays 1–4 with a single sequential branch point; basal membrane varies between 7% length of fifth ray and attached to sides of body near midline; no fraenum. Lateral scales 23– 24 (mean 23.3, n = 12); anterior transverse scales 8– 9 –10 (mean 8.5, n = 10); posterior transverse scales 7– 8 –9 (mean 7.8, n = 10); predorsal midline scales 9– 10 –12 (mean 10.3, n = 12) usually all ctenoid in specimens> 18 mm SL, scales reaching anteriorly to above anterior to middle of pupil; cheek with up to three rows of cycloid scales, uppermost row of 0– 2 scales (if present, mean 1.3, n = 6), row below it of 7– 8 scales (mean 8.0, n = 8), ventralmost row of 0– 3 –4 scales (if present, mean 2.7, n = 8); opercle with four (once three) horizontal rows of scales, often with 1–2 small dorsal supernumerary cycloid scales, larger, more central scales may be ctenoid, others cycloid, dorsalmost row with 2 –4 scales (mean 3.0, n = 3), second row 2– 3 (mean 2.7, n = 3), third row 2– 3 (mean 2.3, n = 3), ventralmost row if present of 2 (n = 2); pectoral base with 2– 3 vertical rows of cycloid scales, with 0– 2 in anterior row, 4 in next row, and 4 –5 in outer row (n = 3); 7– 8 rows of cycloid scales across midline of breast (mean 7.7, n = 7); area between pelvic spine and ventral margin of pectoral fin base and midline of belly just behind pelvic fin base with cycloid scales, those adjacent to bases of dorsal and anal fins ctenoid. Upper jaw with outer row of closely spaced, curved conical teeth, decreasing slightly in size and curvature posteriorly, reaching almost to posteroventral tip of premaxilla; about 2 irregular rows of small, conical, slightly curved inner teeth at symphysis reducing to single row at bend of premaxilla, continuing posteriorly almost to proximal tip of premaxilla, innermost row may be slightly enlarged and directed posteriorly near symphysis or directed medially more laterally. Lower jaw with outer row of about 4–7 enlarged, slightly curved, spaced canines ending at bend in dentary, 2 irregular inner rows of conical, slightly curved teeth at symphysis grading into single row to bend of dentary, innermost row somewhat enlarged, teeth in single row beyond dentary bend mixed between smaller and larger teeth, largest teeth in this series on coronoid process (description of teeth based on cleared and stained material). Tongue truncately rounded. Gill opening extending anteroventrally to below mid-pupil; gill rakers 3– 4 –5 + 14 –16 = 17– 18 –19 (mean 3.5 + 14.4 = 17.9, n = 14). Anterior nares a short tube reaching anteriorly to above anterior margin of upper lip, posterior opening pore-like with raised rim, separated from bony front of orbit by 2.5–3 times its diameter, nasal sac raised and on anterior one-third of snout. Bony interorbital 82– 100 % (mean 94.8%, n = 10) pupil diameter; shallowly concave with slight median fleshy ridge forming broadly rounded W in cross section; epaxialis extending anteriorly to point above posterior of pupil. Caudal peduncle depth as percentage caudal peduncle length 34.8– 40 – 49.0 (mean 40.0, n = 10); head length as percentage SL 29.5– 30.3 –33.3 (mean 31.3, n = 11); as percentage head length, horizontal eye diameter 30.8– 34.6 –35.8 (33.6, n = 11); snout length 20.9– 22.8 –26.7 (mean 23.3, n = 11), cheek depth 9.5– 12.8 –19.0 (mean 15.0, n = 11). Cephalic sensory papillae as in Fig. 28, number of papillae in each row given in Table 2. Papillae in row p at position 3 (from anteriormost papilla) present as short transverse row of two papillae in 8 of 16 (including holotype) specimens. In two of these specimens, transverse row present only one side of body. At position 5 of row p, extra papilla present in 1 specimen. In papillae below eye, lines 2, 5 (including holotype) and 6 (of Winterbottom, 2011, fig, 2B) may have one extra papilla. Abdominal/caudal vertebral transition Type A, with haemal arches of first two caudal vertebrae expanded (based on cleared and stained material). Colour pattern. Live (Fig. 29). Specimen from Sulawesi (Fig. 29 A) with body reddish-brown with olive-green overtone, grading to orange on head, prominent blue stripe in midline of snout continuing posteriorly to first dorsal fin and intermittently to end of second dorsal fin, lateral blue stripe from anterior margin of eye over top of pupil, widening somewhat posteriorly and ending with a saddle over dorsal part of peduncle just anterior to caudal spot; thin red stripe on cheek just below eye from maxilla to vertical limb of preopercle, cheek below stripe pale. Second dorsal fin with basal and distal purple stripes separated by broad orange-yellow stripe. Posterior edge of caudal spot margined with magenta, caudal fin with purple and light orange wash. Second Sulawesi specimen similar (Fig. 29 B), but with more reddish background, body sharply demarcated along line from tip of lower lip to end of anal fin with reddish above and white below, blue saddle over dorsal part of peduncle with ventral counterpart that is discontinuous with lateral stripe, first dorsal fins and anal fin lavender with central, broad, diffuse yellow stripe, caudal lavender with diffuse yellowish streaks. A third Sulawesi specimen (Fig. 29 C) more brownish than red except for head, which is yellow-green to orange, bluish bar over peduncle continuous, unpaired fins apparently hyaline. Halmahera specimen (Fig. 29 D) orange-red with whitish lateral and dorsal stripes margined with red, full whitish bar over peduncle anterior to caudal spot, white part of venter separated from main body colour by diffuse red stripe, and fin membranes apparently hyaline. Freshly collected. (Descriptions based on photos of 12 freshly collected individuals, including 3 tissue specimens from Raja Ampat and Rabaul). Colour somewhat variable. Background brownish-orange in 24.8 mm SL male (Raja Ampat, Fig. 30 A), with half-pupil width lighter stripe from upper eye margined dorsally and ventrally with brick red and curving along scale row above midlateral line to end in front of large (<eye diameter) black blotch on dark red background covering posterior peduncle and anterior bases of caudal fin rays. Dorsal part of body above stripe with dark chromatophores, somewhat concentrated along scale margins. Abdomen with numerous amorphous and very dark subdermal chromatophores reaching posteriorly almost to peduncle spot. Top of snout with central dark blue stripe, snout with numerous small dark chromatophores as far as ventral margin of eye. Area below this and whole of cheek yellow, a somewhat diagonal red stripe from lower part of maxilla passing posteroventrally just below eye to bend of preopercle. Breast and belly whitish with slight reddish tint. Dorsal fin elements reddish, membranes without much pigment except for faint basal band of black chromatophores followed by even fainter yellow stripe in second dorsal fin. Anal fin with some small scattered xanthophores and dark chromatophores, pelvic and pectoral fins hyaline, pectoral rays reddish. Iris mottled yellow with many dark chromatophores, especially anteroventrally; light lateral stripe continues over pupil anteriorly across iris as dark blue to black, narrower stripe. A 17.0 mm SL female tissue specimen (Raja Ampat, Fig. 30 B) basically similar, but more yellow-brown in background colour. Light lateral stripe bordered by thin brick-red line both dorsally and ventrally, cheek below red stripe under eye pale. No dark basal stripe in second dorsal fin visible (may be due to orientation of specimen), slight reddish tinge to posterior part of second dorsal fin. Body below lateral stripe yellowish with numerous amorphous large darker chromatophores. Diffuse, pupil-diameter whitish bar across peduncle anterior to caudal spot, better defined dorsally than ventrally. Male (16.7 mm SL, Raja Ampat, Fig. 30 C) with thin reddish stripe along dorsum from interorbital region to end of second dorsal fin, a yellowish stripe about 1 scale wide below this, followed by the median light stripe margined with red; area of body below this yellow with many scattered, amorphous, darker chromatophores, yellow grading to rose above and behind anal fin. Snout dusky yellow, cheek below red stripe with short pale stripe about one-third pupil diameter in height, red stripe continuing anteriorly onto lower jaw; eye, upper cheek, opercle, and pectoral fin base yellow, central region of lower belly offwhite with faint pink tinge. Second dorsal fin with very faint yellow stripe in middle of fin. Diffuse pale bar across peduncle anterior to caudal spot, which is more dark red than black. A 16.3 mm SL female from Rabaul (Fig. 30 D) with heavily pigmented body (except for lateral stripe and saddle over peduncle), red-brown above and yelloworange below stripe, upper cheek, opercle and pectoral fin base orange-yellow, area immediately below red cheek stripe pale, lower cheek and lower jaw with diffuse red and yellow blush, throat, breast and lower abdomen offwhite. Orange red stripe in second dorsal and posterior half of anal fins. Stripe over pupil margined dorsally with red. Juvenile (8.4 mm SL, Fig. 30 E, from Rabaul) with translucent dorsum margined dorsally by 4 elongate narrow saddles of red and black preceded by small red spot on nape just lateral to midline, first saddle at bases of spines 2– 5 of first two fin and extending a short distance into fin membranes, second over bases of spine and first ray of second dorsal fin, third at bases of last three rays of second dorsal fin, and fourth about half way along peduncle. Braincase with large black blotches, vertebrae and neural canal diffusely dark, lower trunk behind abdominal cavity suffused with light red, with some black blotches posterior to anal fin, bar over peduncle translucent and almost as wide as large, intensely black caudal spot. Opercle red (probably due to gill filaments), snout red with black stripe through nares, tip of upper jaw red, head below eye and most of abdomen translucent or off-white. Iris densely speckled with dark chromatophores with flecks of gold. Posterodorsal part of head dark red, snout and lips yellow-brown, large amorphous black chromatophores on dorsal braincase, and over opercular region, abdomen and vertebral column (where densely scattered). Caudal blotch intensely black, no trace of lateral light stripe. Preserved. Similar to above, but all colour faded. Background pale straw, body heavily pigmented with amorphous dark brown chromatophores (which may be somewhat concentrated at scale margins, especially below second dorsal fin) mixed with small round melanophores (Fig. 31 A). Fewer chromatophores in scale row above midlateral line, forming a pale diffuse stripe, and on lower belly and adjacent to anal fin base. Abdomen and area above anal fin base with subcutaneous, amorphous grey-brown chromatophores. Dorsal surface of snout (Fig. 31 B) with diffuse central dark stripe beginning just behind upper lip, tapering posteriorly to end at first predorsal scale, usually (67%, n = 18) made up of amorphous brown chromatophores mixed with a few rounded and darker pigment cells, stripe more or less constricted to central ridge between eyes; upper lip with numerous similar brown chromatophores, with a few such cells present at middle of lower lip, a dark diffuse blotch on chin just behind symphysis of lower jaw. In 33% of specimens (n = 6), posterior half of snout stripe made up mainly of small round black melanophores which look like Rapidograph stipple (Fig. 31 C). Caudal spot of subcutaneous light and dark brown chromatophores with similar pigmentation on surface. Small juvenile (8.4 mm SL, Rabaul) with rounded black melanophores on top of head and internally over brain, a few dark chromatophores on nasal capsule and posterior to anal fin, one or two black melanophores at base of origin of first dorsal fin and on dorsal surface at mid-peduncle, and caudal spot well developed with internal and external large, irregular, very dark brown chromatophores with smaller ones between bases of procurrent caudal fin rays, remainder of head and body without pigmentation. Etymology. The name is in honour of Wouter Holleman, friend, diving partner, collector extraordinaire, and processor of fishes both small and large on my expeditions for too many decades to detail. He is also a world expert on the systematics of tripterygiid and clinid fishes. Distribution. Definitely known only from Raja Ampat, Halmahera and Rabaul. The presence of this species at the Philippines, Sabah, Sulawesi and on the Great Barrier Reef needs confirmation, preferably by genetic analysis. Comparisons. See under Trimma tevegae for differences between various similar-looking species. Discussion. The length of the second spine of the first dorsal fin is very similar between the sexes. Based on specimens from Raja Ampat the spine in adults (<17 mm SL) is slightly shorter in females (adpressed tip reaching to between the base
Eviota pinocchioi Greenfield & Winterbottom, 2012, n. sp.
No full textEviota pinocchioi n. sp. Pinocchio dwarfgoby Figs. 9–11. Eviota Palau sp. 2, Dimara, et al. 2010. Holotype: ROM 76361, 15.3 mm male, Palau, S.W. corner of Uchelbeluu Reef, 07° 16 ’ 54.3 ” N, 134 ° 31 ’ 38.7 ” E, 15.2–26.5 m, vertical drop-off with caves and sandy shelves/slope, some Halimeda, field number RW04- 19, R. Winterbottom, W. Holleman, B. Hubley, and D. Winterbottom, 28 May 2004. Paratypes: ROM 93606, 3 males 13.4–16.5 mm, 2 females 13.0– 14.9mm, taken with holotype. ROM 79437, 7 females 10.8–14.5 mm, Palau, S.W. corner Uchelbeluu Reef, 07° 16 ’ 28.7 ”N, 134 ° 31 ’ 32.1 ”E, 13.7–25.9 m, wall with ledges, shallow caves and some silty sand, field number RW04- 5, R. Winterbottom, B. Hubley, D. Winterbottom, and A. Bauman, 21 May 2004. ROM 80677, 15.0 male, Palau, off Uchelbeluu Reef, 7 ° 16 ’ 24.8 ”N, 134 °01’ 26.6 ”E, 73m, field number RW06- 14, P. Colin, 28 March 2006. ROM 81010, 14.7 mm male, 11.4 mm female (cleared and stained), Palau, Pelilieu State, Ngeddebus Id., S.E. coast, channel near drop-off, 07°06’00.9”N, 134 ° 16 ’06.9”E, 39.6–48.8 m, plate and encrusting corals, Seriatopora, sponges and ascidians, field number RW06- 43, R. Winterbottom, W. Holleman, M. Winterbottom, M. Westneat, J. Cooper, A. Rice, and A. Bauman, 10 April 2006. ROM 77499, 2 females 12.7 & 15.2 mm, Palau, Koror, outer reef off Ulong pass to N. of Ngerumekaul pass, 07° 18 ’ 11.2 ”N, 134 °01’ 26.6 ”E, 15.2–30.5 m, field number RW06- 18, P. Colin, 29 March 2006. ROM 80701, 14.5 mm male, 2 females 13.5 mm and 15.2 mm, Palau, Uchelbeluu reef near E. tip, 7 ° 16 ’ 29.2 ”N, 134 ° 31 ’ 32 ”E, 19.8–27.4 m, field number RW06- 25, R. Winterbottom, W. Holleman, M. Winterbottom, M. Westneat, J. Cooper, and A. Rice, 31 March 2006. CAS 234444 (ex-ROM 74882), 14.9 mm male, 13.9 mm female, 1 immature 11.0 mm, Palau, S.W. corner Uchelbeluu Reef, 07° 16 ’ 26.9 ”N, 134 ° 31 ’ 29.3 ”E, 12.2–21.3 m, vertical drop-off with caves and ledges with some silty sand, Halimeda, field number RW04-04, R. Winterbottom, B. Hubley, A. Bauman, and S. Kiefer, 20 May 2004. AMS I. 46071 -001 (ex-ROM 74882), 13.6 mm female, taken with CAS 234444; USNM 406709 (ex-ROM 80687), 2 females 12.8 mm, Palau, off Uchelbeluu Reef, 7 ° 16 ’ 24.8 ”N, 134 ° 01’ 26.6 ”E, 17.4 m, field number RW06- 18, P. Colin, 29 March 2006. Non-types: ROM 76547, 10.5 mm female, Palau, Koror, just N. of pass to W. of Ulong Id. outer reef, 07° 17 ’ 44.2 ”N, 134 ° 14 ’ 18.9 ”E, vertical wall of drop-off, some small caves, broad sandy ledge at 31 m, 18.3–30.5 m, Halimeda, field number RW04- 38, R. Winterbottom, W. Holleman, B. Hubley, and D. Winterbottom, 7 June 2004. ROM 84794, 9.1 mm immature, Palau, Sonsoral State, Merir Island, E coast, a little south of northern tip, 04° 19 ’ 22 ”N, 132 ° 21 ’ 9.02 ”E, 22.0–35.0 m, steep (ca 75 °) reef slope with a moderate coral cover, limestone, a few small caves and crevices with coarse sand floors, Acropora, Porites, star and lettuce corals, numerous sea-fans, Halimeda, field number RW08- 50, R. Winterbottom, M. Westneat, J. Williams, W. Holleman, B. Hubley, and M. Winterbottom, 29 September 2008. Questionable specimens: CAS 234099, 15.3 mm male, Indonesia, Rouw Island, Cendrawasih Bay, 65 m, M. V. Erdmann, 19 November 2011; CAS 234827, 14.8 mm male, Indonesia, Mark’s Treasure, Cendrawasih Bay, 02° 25.830 ’S, 134 ° 59.409 ’E, 45 m, M.V. Erdmann, 15 June 2012; ROM 85364, 18.3 mm female, Indonesia, Raja Ampat, east side of Barracuda Rock, 200 m north of Wayil Id., 02° 11 ' 43.4 "N, 130 ° 25 ' 37.9 "E, 60 m, field number RW 10-41, M. V. Erdmann, 1 Feb., 2010. Diagnosis. The following combination of characters distinguishes E. pinocchioi from congeners: cephalic sensory-pore system always lacking POP and IT pores, PITO and AITO pores fused 50 % of time; dorsal/anal finray formula 8 / 8; pectoral-fin rays unbranched; 4 th pelvic-fin ray bifurcated with each branch about 50 % of the total length of the ray; unbranched 5 th pelvic-fin ray 6.5–15.3 (11.0%) of 4 th; dorsal-fin spines filamentous in males, tubular anterior nares very long, length almost equal to pupil diameter, reaching well anterior to the upper lip, and black; in life body translucent and crossed by six narrow red bands and devoid of obvious dark marks on body when preserved. Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin rays I, 8 [I, 7 (1), I, 8 (9)]; pectoral-fin rays 16 [15 (2), 16 (8)], rays unbranched; pelvic fin I, 4 + unbranched 5 th, which is 13.7 % [6.5–15.3 (11.0%)] the length of the 4 th ray, 4 th ray bifurcated with each branch about 50 % of total length of the ray, similar to Fig. 2 of E. lacrimae in Sunobe (1988); 11 branched caudal-fin rays; segmented caudal-fin rays 17; lateral scale rows 25 (24–26, usually 25); transverse scale rows 7; vertebrae 25; first, second, and third dorsal-fin spines filamentous in males, extending back to about the third soft ray in the second dorsal fin; always lacking the POP and IT pores in the cephalic sensory-pore system, and the PITO and AITO pores are fused into one 50 % of the time; male genital papilla non-fimbriate. Measurements (based on holotype and 9 paratypes, 13.4–16.5 mm). Head length 33.4 (30.2–33.6, 32.3); origin of first dorsal fin 38.0 (35.6–39.5, 37.5); origin of second dorsal fin 56.4 (54.0– 61.4, 58.0); origin of anal fin 62.3 (57.7 –66.0, 62.2); caudal-peduncle length 22.9 (20.5–26.9, 24.3); caudal-peduncle depth 13.8 (10.3–13.8, 12.4); body depth 20.3 (20.1–23.9, 21.6); eye diameter 10.2 (9.9–11.9, 10.6); snout length 5.2 (5.2–6.7, 5.8); upperjaw length 10.5 (9.6–12.7, 11.5). Color of holotype in preservative (Fig. 9, ROM 76361). Background color of head and body pale yellowish. No bold dark markings on body. A line of melanophores along ventral surface of caudal peduncle. Head with a few small mealnophores behind center of eye, and several clusters of larger melanophores on top of head behind eyes. Snout and center of upper jaw peppered with small melanophores. Anterior tubular nares black. Pupil and iris of eye black. A few small melanophores on nape in advance of first dorsal fin. Basal half of pelvic fins dusky. Pectoral fins immaculate. Caudal fin mostly clear with a few melanophores distally. Anal and soft dorsal fins with scattered melanophores on rays and membranes. First dorsal fin with a dark band crossing base just above a clear portion along base of fin near dorsum. Color of fresh paratype (Fig. 10, ROM 80701). Background color of head and body translucent white. All markings on body orange. Body crossed by six narrow bars: the first from the front of the first dorsal fin down behind the pectoral-fin base; the second at the posterior end of the first dorsal fin, curving down across the abdomen towards the anus; the third at the third element of the second dorsal fin extending down to the anal-fin origin; the fourth at the sixth element of the second dorsal fin extending down to the anal fin; the fifth running from behind the second dorsal fin down to the posterior end of the anal fin; and the sixth across the caudal peduncle. The nape is crossed by two bars and there is a short bar between the two dorsal fins, another at the posterior end of the second dorsal fin, with a corresponding bar below it at the anal fin, and two short bars at the dorsal and ventral caudal-fin base. The central portion of the caudal-fin base also has a short bar. The area on top of the head behind the eyes has a blotch and the opercular area has another. There are three narrow bars under the eye, the shortest at the posteroventral margin, another ventrally under the eye and extending down across the jaws and the third at the anteroventral edge and also crossing the jaws. Eye pupil black, iris sky blue with red-orange spokes surrounding pupil. Base of anterior tubular nares orange, remainder black. The pectoral-fin base has two blotches, one at the top and the other at the bottom, separated by a translucent white area. Second dorsal fin with brown spots on rays, distal margin dusky. Upper half of caudal fin with brown spots on dusky rays. Anal-fin rays and membranes dusky. Spines of first dorsal fin red-orange with first and second body bars extending onto lower one quarter of fin, a bar of melanophores running across base just above a clear portion along base of fin near dorsum. Pectoral and pelvic fins white. Distribution. Palau and possibly Indonesia. In Palau, the species has only been taken in the main island group and the middle of the South West Islands (Merir I.). Etymology. Named after Carlo Collodi’s fictional character Pinocchio, who had a nose that grew long when he lied, alluding to the exceptionally long anterior tubular nares in this species. Comparisons: Five other described Eviota species also lack only the POP and IT pores: E. lacrimae, E. ocellifer, E. sparsa, and E. susanae. Eviota pinocchioi has non-fimbriate genital papillae, a dorsal-fin count of VI- I, 9 and unbranched pectoral-fin rays (vs. fimbriate papillae in both sexes, VI-I, 8 and branched pectoral-fin rays in E. susanae). The 5 th pelvic-fin ray is 53–90 % of the 4 th pelvic-fin ray and some pectoral fin-rays are branched in E. sparsa (vs. 6.5–15.3 % and unbranched in E. pinocchioi). The pectoral-fin rays are branched in E. ocellifer (vs. unbranched in E. pinocchioi). Eviota lacrimae has a dorsal-fin count of VI-I, 8 and the 5 th pectoral-fin ray is usually absent (vs. VI-I, 9 and present in E. pinocchioi). Eviota pinocchioi also differs greatly in live coloration from all of these species. Remarks: Three specimens were collected in Indonesia that have the identical color pattern of E. pinocchioi, including the long black tubular anterior nares (Fig. 11). They are like E. pinocchioi in lacking both the POP and IT pores, but in addition lack more pores that are present in that species. ROM 85364 also lacks the PITO, SOT, and AOT pores. CAS 234099 and 234827 lack all pores. Often very small specimens may lack pores, but CAS 234099 is 15.3 mm, CAS 234827 is 14.8 mm, and ROM 85364 is 18.3 mm. In addition, E. pinocchioi has 15–16 (usually 16) pectoral-fin rays, whereas the Indonesian specimens have 16, 17 and 18. Because the Indonesian specimens share this unique color pattern with E. pinocchioi, have the same measurements and structure of the fourth pelvicfin ray (bifurcated with branches about 50 % of total length of the ray), we are hesitant to treat them as a separate species without further specimens and genetic information. Although the long black tubular anterior nares and more simple bifurcated pelvic-fin rays are similar to those in species of Sueviota, Winterbottom and Hoese (1988) did not list these as a synapomorphies for that genus. The branched 5 th pelvic-fin ray and the basal membrane that are present in Sueviota are lacking in E. pinocchioi and in all other species of Eviota.Published as part of Greenfield, David W. & Winterbottom, Richard, 2012, Two new dwarfgobies from the Southwestern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Eviota), pp. 33-42 in Zootaxa 3572 on pages 39-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21493
Trimma kitrinum Winterbottom & Hoese, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textTrimma kitrinum sp. nov. Citron Pygmygoby Figs. 18–20 No published names pertain to this species. Material. All the type material is from the Fiji Islands. Holotype. ROM 45285, 25.2 mm SL female, Great Astrolabe Reef, eastern side of offshore reef about level of Dravuni Id (178 ° 33 ' 42 "E, 18 ° 44 ' 51 " S), 10–15 m, 29 Mar. 1983, Winterbottom et al. Paratypes. AMS I. 18354 -061, 5 (22.2–24.5), Viti Levu, Suva Harbour, Bird Id, 6 m, 9 Jul, 1974, B. Russell et al. ROM 45281, 2(15.1–21.1), Ngau Id, outer reef at eastern point (18 °04' 20 "S, 179 ° 22 ' 40 "E), 3– 9 m. 13 Mar. 1983, A. Emery et al. ROM 45284, 3(12.3–26.4), Great Astrolabe Reef, outer reef halfway between Usborn Pass and Herald Pass (178 ° 33 ' 42 "E, 18 44 ' 51 " S), 10– 15 m. 29 Mar. 1983, Winterbottom et al. ROM 45286, 5(12.5–24.7), Viti Levu, Suva Harbour, Rattail Pass, right at tip of entrance on West Side (18 °08' 39 "S, 178 ° 23 ' 21 "E), 6–10 m, 14 Apr., 1983, Winterbottom et al. ROM 1419 CS, (24.9), collected with ROM 45286, specimen cleared and stained. USNM 236724, 2(22.0– 26.8), Kandavu Id, Dawson Reef, backside of barrier reef (19 °04'S, 178 °02'E), 0–13.7 m. 12 May, 1982, Springer et al. USNM 313339, (18.5), Lau Group, Matuku Id, outside channel (10 °09' 38 "S, 179 ° 45 ' 23 "E), 20–23 m, 24 Apr., 1982, Springer et al. The following non-type material was also examined: Australian Material. Queensland: Lihou Reef: WAM P. 29641 –013, (22), Juliette Cay (17 ° 21 'S, 151 ° 33 'E), 20–23 m, 14 Nov., 1987, G. R. Allen. Osprey Reef: AMS I. 25107 –058, 5 (21.6 –23.0), W. end, drop-off (13 ° 56 'S, 146 ° 34 'E), 10–25 m, 6 Nov, 1984, AMSRV Sunbird party. Other Material. American Samoa: AMS I. 21998 -001, 3 (15.7–24.4), Pago Pago, Utelei, (14 ° 17 'S, 170 ° 40 'E), 20 m, 1976, R. Wass et al. DMWS- 1, (21.2), Pago Pago, Utelei, (14 ° 17 'S, 170 ° 40 'E), 29 Sep. 1975. [DMWS = Dept. of Marine and Wildlife Services, American Samoa]. DMWS- 2, (21.1), Pago Pago, Utelei, (14 ° 17 'S, 170 ° 40 'E), 29 Sep. 1975. Indonesia: BPBM 18516 (12.9) Moluccas Id, Ambon Id, Latuhalay, S. coast, (3 ° 46 ' 30 "S, 128 °06'05"E), 36.5 m. 21 Jan. 1975, Randall et al. Loyalty Ids: USNM 321803 (23.0), Loyalty Id, Ouvea Atoll, Bagaat Id, (20 ° 37 ' 18 "S, 166 ° 16 '08"E), 15–21.5 m. 16 Nov. 1991, J. Williams et al. Micronesia: Enewetok Atoll: BPBM unreg., (26.7), (11 ° 30 'N, 162 ° 20 'E), 3.5–27.5 m. Jan/ Feb. 1972, J. Randall et al, Guam: BPBM uncat., 2 (16.3–22.2), Cocos Id. (20 ° 37 'N, 144 ° 44 'E) 29– 37 m. 28 May, 1968, Randall et al. Tonga: USNM 341449, 5(10.1–22.3), Vava'u Group, Luamoko Id., (18 ° 40 ' 55 "S, 174 °06'09"E), 21–31 m, 15 Nov. 1993, Williams et al. Diagnosis. A species of the Trimma tevegae group with a brownish body and bright yellow caudal fin, with no dark marking on the posterior part of the caudal peduncle (Fig. 19), 8 dorsal and anal fin rays, 13–14 unbranched pectoral-fin rays, usually 20–22 total gill rakers on the outer side of the first gill arch, 3–4 papillae in a transverse row at the posterior interorbital position of row p, and 3–5 papillae in a transverse row at the anterior position of row p; this transverse row usually extends anterior and lateral to the anteriormost papilla in row r (Fig. 20). Description. Based on the holotype and 19 other specimens from Fiji. Dorsal fins VI + I 8, second spine longest and reaching to between base of second ray of D 2 and middle of peduncle when adpressed, first ray of second dorsal fin branched, posterior margin of last ray to anterior third to mid-peduncle; anal fin I 8, first ray branched, last ray branched reaching posteriorly to anterior third to mid-peduncle; pectoral fin 13 –14 (mean = 13.7, n = 19), all rays unbranched, fin reaching posteriorly to a point above urogenital papilla to anal spine; pelvic fin I 5, first four rays with one sequential branch each, fifth ray unbranched and 50 –66 % the length of fourth (mean = 53.9, n = 11), fourth ray reaching posteriorly to a point between bases of second to fifth anal ray; no fraenum; basal membrane vestigial ( half pupil diameter in width) bony interorbital and Type A vertebral pattern. Within this complex, it differs from T. griffithsi Winterbottom 1984, T. nasa, T. tevegae and T. xanthochrum Winterbottom 2011 in lacking a dark spot or blotch on the caudal peduncle. The whole body of Trimma fishelsoni Goren 1985, T. gigantum Winterbottom & Zur 2007, and T. taylori is yellow in life. The former two species have diffuse dark saddles over the dorsum, with 15–17 (vs. 13–14) pectoral-fin rays of which 6–11 are branched (vs. all unbranched), and T. gigantum has more predorsal scale (15–18 vs. 11–14). Trimma taylori has fewer predorsal scales (6–8 vs. 11–14), at least some pectoral-fin rays branched (vs. unbranched), cheek below the eye without scales (vs. 3 rows), and in having more dorsal and anal fin rays (10–11 and 9–10 respectively vs. 8 and 8). Trimma kitrinum may be distinguished from T. marinae Winterbottom, 2005 a, in possessing a complete nasal sac (vs. an open pit), more predorsal scales (11–14 vs. 6–8), in the presence of three rows of cheek scales (vs. none), and in colouration (yellow-brown body and yellow caudal fin vs translucent body above, red below, and a thin red bar at the base of an essentially hyaline caudal fin). No specimens were available for genetic analysis.Published as part of Winterbottom, Richard & Hoese, Douglass F., 2015, A revision of the Australian species of Trimma (Actinopterygii, Gobiidae), with descriptions of six new species and redescriptions of twenty-three valid species, pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 3934 (1) on pages 40-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3934.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23606
Michael Winterbottom i klasycy
No full textMICHAEL WINTERBOTTOM AND THE CLASSICS Michael Winterbottom is the director famous mostly for his politically involved movies like In This World 2002 and Road to Guantanamo 2006. However, he is also an author of three adaptations of classic British literature. These are: Jude 1995, adapted from “Jude the Obscure” by Thomas Hardy, The Claim 2000 based on “The Major of Casterbridge” another book by Hardy, and Tristram Shandy. A Cock and Bull Story in which Winterbottom deals with a difficult content of the 18th-century novel “The Life and Opinions of Thristram Shandy, Gentelman” by Laurence Sterne. Even though the large part of Winterbottom’s movies derives from prose, these three adaptations are the best examples not only of magnificent cinema, but also of differential, modern or even postmodern and innovatory approaches and strategies towards the art of adaptation. Each of the above-mentioned movies uses classic material in order to become commentary of and discussion with either rules of contemporary world and society, movie genre and ideology presented in it, or cinema itself – its boundaries and possibilities. What Winterbottom essentialy proposes to the audience is both reminder and reinterpretation of classic literature and presentation of new ways in which cinema may approach it. MICHAEL WINTERBOTTOM AND THE CLASSICS Michael Winterbottom is the director famous mostly for his politically involved movies like In This World 2002 and Road to Guantanamo 2006. However, he is also an author of three adaptations of classic British literature. These are: Jude 1995, adapted from “Jude the Obscure” by Thomas Hardy, The Claim 2000 based on “The Major of Casterbridge” another book by Hardy, and Tristram Shandy. A Cock and Bull Story in which Winterbottom deals with a difficult content of the 18th-century novel “The Life and Opinions of Thristram Shandy, Gentelman” by Laurence Sterne. Even though the large part of Winterbottom’s movies derives from prose, these three adaptations are the best examples not only of magnificent cinema, but also of differential, modern or even postmodern and innovatory approaches and strategies towards the art of adaptation. Each of the above-mentioned movies uses classic material in order to become commentary of and discussion with either rules of contemporary world and society, movie genre and ideology presented in it, or cinema itself – its boundaries and possibilities. What Winterbottom essentialy proposes to the audience is both reminder and reinterpretation of classic literature and presentation of new ways in which cinema may approach it. 
Rüssel (D. A.) et Winterbottom (M.), Ancient Literary criticism
No full textCavenaile Robert. Rüssel (D. A.) et Winterbottom (M.), Ancient Literary criticism. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 52, fasc. 3, 1974. Langues et littératures modernes - Moderne taal- en letterkunde. p. 729
Trimma maiandros Hoese, Winterbottom & Reader 2011
No full text<i>Trimma maiandros</i> Hoese, Winterbottom & Reader, 2011 <p>Zigzag Pygmygoby</p> <p>Fig. 26–27, Pl. 2 D</p> <p> <i>Trimma maiandros</i> Hoese, Winterbottom & Reader, 2011:146 (Yonge Reef, Queensland, Australia); Allen & Erdmann 2012:941 Cocos (Keeling) Ids to Marshall Ids and Japan).</p> <p> <i>Trimma</i> sp.: Hayashi & Shiratori, 2003:44; Yano 1988:4.</p> <p> <i>Trimma</i> sp. 2: Senou <i>et al.</i>, 2004:108.</p> <p> The detailed description of this species has been published very recently (Hoese <i>et al.</i>, 2011), and only the Diagnosis is repeated here. The distribution is given in Fig. 27.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> A species of <i>Trimma</i> with a partly scaled predorsal region, midline naked or partly naked, cycloid scales at the sides of the nape reaching to above a point between posterior margin of the operculum and the eyes; cheek and operculum naked; pectoral-fin base usually fully scaled with posterodorsal 2 scales slightly enlarged; prepelvic region covered with small cycloid scales in 5–6 rows; interorbital narrow, with a moderate groove; no or very shallow groove behind this; a distinct low ridge at the posterior end of the interorbital; a low crest on the nape from the first dorsal origin to above the posterior opercular margin, extending anteriorly into a shallow median groove, groove extending to just behind eyes; second dorsal rays usually I 9; anal rays usually I 8; pectoral rays unbranched or with 1–5 rays branched at the extreme tips; fifth pelvic ray unbranched and about one-fourth to onehalf the length of the fourth ray, other rays with 2 terminal tips, pelvic fins largely separate, connected only at base, fins widely separate, the distance between the two fins being greater than the width of the base of a single fin; posteriormost prepelvic scale covering the basal membrane; a dark brown spot or bar extending posteroventrally from the eye; and the body with irregular brown interconnecting bars, forming a zigzag pattern (Fig. 26).</p>Published as part of <i>Winterbottom, Richard & Hoese, Douglass F., 2015, A revision of the Australian species of Trimma (Actinopterygii, Gobiidae), with descriptions of six new species and redescriptions of twenty-three valid species, pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 3934 (1)</i> on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3934.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/236066">http://zenodo.org/record/236066</a>
Rüssel (D. A.) et Winterbottom (M.), Ancient Literary criticism
No full textCavenaile Robert. Rüssel (D. A.) et Winterbottom (M.), Ancient Literary criticism. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 52, fasc. 3, 1974. Langues et littératures modernes - Moderne taal- en letterkunde. p. 729
britischen
No full textThomas Winterbottom. Mit einer Einl. und Zusätzen hrsg. von Theophil Friedrich EhrmannAus dem Engl. In Fraktu
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