24,818 research outputs found
Cooperation and Wealth
No full textWe calculate the equilibrium fraction of cooperators in a population in which payoffs accrue from playing a single-shot prisoner’s dilemma game. Individuals who are hardwired as cooperators or defectors are randomly matched into pairs, and cooperators are able to perfectly find out the type of a partner to a game by incurring a recognition cost. We show that the equilibrium fraction of cooperators relates negatively to the population’s level of wealth.Equilibrium fraction of cooperators, Population's level of wealth, Single-shot prisoner's dilemma game
Vibrational Stark Spectroscopy of CXF-D
No full textThe vibrational Stark spectra and the data fitting of the C=O and C-D of N-[formyl-d]-Cyclohexylformamide
Malcolm Stark Correspondence
No full textEntries include typed correspondence on The Camden Herald Publishing Company stationery concerning the whereabouts of Mr. Stark, a handwritten letter from Stark on plain paper, and a typed letter on receipt of the Maine poet\u27s book Way Out and Close About for the Maine Author Collection
Inequality and Migration: A Behavioral Link
No full textWe provide an analytical-behavioral explanation for the observed positive relationship between income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, and the incentive to migrate. We show that a higher total relative deprivation of a population leads to a stronger incentive to engage in migration for a given level of a population’s income; that total relative deprivation is positively related to the Gini coefficient; and that, consequently, the Gini coefficient and migration are positively correlated, holding the population’s income constant.Income inequality, Relative deprivation, The Gini coefficient, The incentive to migrate
Neoperla yao Stark 1987
No full textNeoperla yao Stark (Figs. 72‐74, 121‐123) Neoperla yao Stark, 1987:47. Holotype ♂ (B.P. Bishop Museum). 6 km S Dalat, Vietnam Material examined. Vietnam: Cao Bang, Ba Be National Park, between park gates and pond, UV light, 22 May 1995, D. Currie, J. Swann, M. McGuffin, ROM 956119, 1 ♂ (ROM). Gia Lai, An Khe District, Tram Lap, Azun River, 3 km NE on trail from forestry building, 21 June 1996, D. Currie, J. Swann, ROM 961076, 1 ♂ (ROM). Gia Lai, An Khe District, Tram Lap, near pond and coffee plantation, 14 June 1996, UV light, 14 ° 26’ N, 108 ° 33’ E, B. Hubley, D. Currie, J. Swann, ROM 961045, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (ROM). Gia Lai, Buoenloy, April 1995, A. Gorohov, 1 ♂ (PMSL). Remarks. This species was previously known from three males. Two of these are from sites in southern Vietnam and the other in China. These additional males, from the southern region of Vietnam are in close agreement with the description in Stark (1987). Adult habitus. Biocellate. Head mostly yellow but with a dark spot over ocelli and a second small spot anteromesally on frons; spot over ocelli usually acute on anterior margin (Fig. 72). Pronotum pale brown, disc becoming paler near lateral margins; rugosities obscure. Wing membrane pale, veins pale amber, costal area pale. Femora yellow brown, tibiae slightly darker. Putative Female. Forewing length 12 mm. Subgenital plate a narrow tab, slightly expanded at apex and broadly U‐ shaped on posterior margin (Fig. 74). Vagina longer than wide and slightly constricted near midlength (Fig. 73). Spermathecal stalk short, spermatheca slender, twisted at midlength and slightly hooked at apex. Egg. Pear shaped. Length ca. 0.31 mm, width ca. 0.23 mm. Collar short with heavy meshwork of irregular shaped and pitted cells on sides; rim slightly flanged, margin irregularly scalloped; collar ca. 0.08 mm wide (Figs. 121‐123). Chorion appearing smooth but with small, shallow pits and obscure FCIs covering surface. Diagnosis. See above under N. mnong.Published as part of Stark, Bill P. & Sivec, Ignac, 2008, New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From Vietnam, pp. 19-54 in Illiesia 4 (3) on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475885
Neoperla mnong Stark 1987
No full textNeoperla mnong Stark (Figs. 40‐44, 106) Javanita costalis Navás, 1932:925. Secondary homonym of Formosina costalis Klapálek (Zwick 1988) Neoperla mnong Stark, 1987:48. Holotype ♂ (California Academy of Sciences). Di Linh, Vietnam Neoperla angustilobata Zwick, 1988:404. Holotype ♀ (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle), New Synonymy Material examined. Vietnam: Gia Lai, An Khe District, Tram Lap, Azun River, 2 km NW on trail from forestry building, 14 ° 27’ N, 108 ° 33’E, 17 June 1996, D. Currie, J. Swann, ROM 961056, 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (ROM, BPS). Same site, 23 June 1996, D. Currie, J. Swann, ROM 961084, 1 ♂ (IEBR). Gia Lai, An Khe District, Tram Lap, Azun River, 3 km NE on trail from forestry building, 21 June 1996, D. Currie, J. Swann, ROM 961076, 1 ♂ (ROM). Gia Lai, An Khe District, Dacklest River, 5.2 km NE Tram Lap on forest road, 14 ° 24’ N, 108 ° 33’ E, 15 June 1996, D. Currie, J. Swann, ROM 961047, 4 ♂ (ROM). Gia Lai, An Khe District, Tram Lap, near pond and coffee plantation, 14 June 1996, UV light, 14 ° 26’ N, 108 ° 33’ E, B. Hubley, D. Currie, J. Swann, ROM 961045, 2 ♂ (ROM). Gia Lai, An Khe District, 6.5 km NE Tram Lap, forest road, 19 June 1996, D. Currie, J. Swann, ROM 961061, 1 ♀ (ROM). Nghe An, ca. 25 km SW Con Cuong, Khe Moi Forestry Camp, tributary Khe Moi River, 4 June 1995, B. Hubley, J. Swann, ROM 956158, 1 ♀ (ROM). Remarks. This species was first described as Javanita costalis, by Navás (1932) from a female specimen and later described as a new species from a male specimen by Stark (1987). Zwick (1988) recognized J. costalis as a secondary homonym of Formosina costalis Klapálek after both species were transferred to Neoperla (Sivec & Zwick 1987), and proposed N. angustilobata as a replacement for N. costalis, sensu Navás. The conspecificity of N. mnong and N. angustilobata was suggested when N. mnong females were associated in this study. Adult habitus. Biocellate. Head mostly yellow but small area of brown pigment over ocelli often with distinct anteromesal notch; frons usually marked with an additional dark area near anterior margin (Fig. 40). Pronotum pale brown with slightly darker rugosities. Wings pale, veins amber. Femora and tibiae pale but a little darker at the knee. Male. Forewing length 12‐13 mm. Described by Stark (1987) but illustrations of the aedeagus and external genitalia are presented in Figs. 41‐42 to aid in recognition of this species. Female. Forewing length 15‐16 mm. Subgenital plate produced as a small notched tab; notch U‐ shaped and about as wide as lateral lobes of plate (Fig. 43). Vagina longer than wide and swollen in posterior half (Fig. 44). Spermathecal stalk short; spermatheca slender, curled, hooked on apex and without internal spinous lining. Egg. Pear shaped. Length ca. 0.33 mm, width ca. 0.23 mm. Collar wide and not distinctly stalked; sides with vertical ribs extending onto egg body, and with an irregular cell row; rim not flanged (Fig. 106). Chorion appearing relatively smooth but covered throughout with minute, shallow pits. Diagnosis. This species is a member of a complex which includes N. diehli Sivec, a species known from Sumatra (Zwick & Sivec 1985), N. yao Stark, a species which also occurs at sites in Gia Lai Province, N. han Stark, a species described from Hong Kong (Stark 1987), and N. hubleyi, described above from several Vietnamese sites. The aedeagal Y‐ lobes for N. diehli, N. mnong, N. han and N. hubleyi are similar in having short arms supporting spiny apices, but those of N. han and N. hubleyi have a longer basal stalk, and those of N. diehli are more basally located and less spherical than in N. mnong. Females of N. mnong and N. yao have similar, bilobed subgenital plates and color patterns, but differ in egg collar morphology. The eggs of the latter species have stalked collars whereas those of N. mnong are unstalked.Published as part of Stark, Bill P. & Sivec, Ignac, 2008, New Species And Records Of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) From Vietnam, pp. 19-54 in Illiesia 4 (3) on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475885
Vibrational Stark Fields in Carboxylic Acid Dimers
No full textCarboxylic acids form exceptionally stable dimers and have been used to model proton and double proton transfer processes. The stabilization energies of the carboxylic acid dimers are very weakly dependent on the nature of the substitution. However, the electric field experienced by the OH group of a particular carboxylic acid is dependent more on the nature of the substitution on the dimer partner. In general, the electric field was higher when the partner was substituted with electron-donating group and lower with electron-withdrawing substituent on the partner. The Stark tuning rate (∆μ) of the O–H stretching vibrations calculated at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level was found to be weakly dependent on the nature of substitution on the carboxylic acid. The average Stark tuning rate of O–H stretching vibrations of a particular carboxylic acid when paired with other acids was 5.7 cm–1 (MV cm–1)–1, while the corresponding average Stark tuning rate of the partner acids due to a particular carboxylic acid was 21.9 cm–1 (MV cm–1)–1. The difference in the Stark tuning rate is attributed to the primary and secondary effects of substitution on the carboxylic acid. The average Stark tuning rate for the anharmonic O–D frequency shifts is about 40-50% higher than the corresponding harmonic O–D frequency shifts calculated at B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level, much greater than the typical scaling factors used, indicating the strong anharmonicity of O–H/O–D oscillators in carboxylic acid dimers. Finally, the linear correlation observed between pKa and the electric field was used to estimate the pKa of fluoroformic acid to be around 0.9
D. Ferguson
No full textScanned image saved as D. Ferguso; Says he is a lifelong teetotaler and non-smoke
Participatory visual methods: Implications for practice
No full textT. Saias, W. Stark, & D. Frye
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