16 research outputs found
Geopolitical Factors of Development of the Eurasian Space in the Process of Formation and Development of Russian Statehood
No full textThe article examines formation of the territory of the Russian state at various stages of its development. Geopolitical, ideological and political factors that influence this process are analyzed. The process of incorporation of new territories into the Russian state is characterized. The author gives the comparative analysis of Russian and Western experience of development of attached lands. It is concluded that within the Russian statehood Eurasian space was territorialized as an element of geopolitical structure of the world
DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
No full textDIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation
DIII-D research to provide solutions for ITER and fusion energy
No full textThe DIII-D tokamak has elucidated crucial physics and developed projectable solutions for ITER and fusion power plants in the key areas of core performance, boundary heat and particle transport, and integrated scenario operation, with closing the core-edge integration knowledge gap being the overarching mission. New experimental validation of high-fidelity, multi-channel, non-linear gyrokinetic turbulent transport models for ITER provides strong confidence it will achieve Q 10 operation. Experiments identify options for easing H-mode access in hydrogen, and give new insight into the isotopic dependence of transport and confinement. Analysis of 2,1 islands in unoptimized low-torque IBS demonstration discharges suggests their onset time occurs randomly in the constant beta phase, most often triggered by non-linear 3-wave coupling, thus identifying an NTM seeding mechanism to avoid. Pure deuterium SPI for disruption mitigation is shown to provide favorable slow cooling, but poor core assimilation, suggesting paths for improved SPI on ITER. At the boundary, measured neutral density and ionization source fluxes are strongly poloidally asymmetric, implying a 2D treatment is needed to model pedestal fuelling. Detailed measurements of pedestal and SOL quantities and impurity charge state radiation in detached divertors has validated edge fluid modelling and new self-consistent 'pedestal-to-divertor' integrated modeling that can be used to optimize reactors. New feedback adaptive ELM control minimizes confinement reduction, and RMP ELM suppression with sustained high core performance was obtained for the first time with the outer strike point in a W-coated, compact and unpumped small-angle slot divertor. Advances have been made in integrated operational scenarios for ITER and power plants. Wide pedestal intrinsically ELM-free QH-modes are produced with more reactor-relevant conditions, Low torque IBS with W-equivalent radiators can exhibit predator-prey oscillations in T-e and radiation which need control. High-beta(P) scenarios with q(min) > 2, q(95)-7.9, beta(N) > 4, beta(T)-3.3% and H-98y2 > 1.5 are sustained with high density ((n) over bar = 7E19 m(-3), f(G)-1) for 6 tau(E), improving confidence in steady-state tokamak reactors. Diverted NT plasmas achieve high core performance with a non-ELMing edge, offering a possible highly attractive core-edge integration solution for reactors.SPC-TCVSPC-T
Diagnostic value of ICG for sentinel lymph node mapping in patients with stage I endometrial cancer
No full textBackground. Lymphatic spread is the main route of metastasis in early stage endometrial cancer. Considering its significance, three risk factors of lymph node metastasis were identified. At a high risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with stage I endometrial cancer, pelvic and lumbar lymph node dissection is recommended. In low-risk patients, lymph node dissection is not performed. Lymph node dissection in medium-risk patients is considered as a staging procedure. However, in patients with aggravating factors that prevent extended hysterectomy, lymph node biopsy with ICG mapping and subsequent microstaging may be an alternative to lymph node dissection. Purpose of the study: to analyze the effectiveness of surgical approaches for staging endometrial cancer at different risk factors for lymphatic metastasis.Material and Methods. The treatment outcomes were retrospectively analyzed in 565 patients with stage I endometrial cancer treated at the gynecological oncology department of Botkin City Clinical Hospital and at the gynecological oncology department of Kaluga Regional Clinical Oncology Center from 2021 to 2023. All women were divided into three groups according to the risk factors of lymph node metastasis. Patients underwent hysterectomy, hysterectomy combined with pelvic or pelvic and lumbar lymphadenectomy, as well as hysterectomy with ICG mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy.Results. A total of 334 endometrial cancer patients underwent surgery at Botkin City Clinical Hospital. In the medium-risk group patients (n=94), who underwent hysterectomy with pelvic (n=36) and pelvic + lumbar lymphadenectomy (n=31), lymph node metastases were detected in 4 (11.1 %) and 6 (19.4 %) patients, respectively. In the high-risk group (n=50) with similar surgeries, metastatic lymph nodes were identified in 2 (10.5 %, n=19) and 6 (26.1 %, n=23) patients, respectively. At Kaluga Regional Oncology Center, 231 patients underwent hysterectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. The low-risk group, the medium-risk group, and the high-risk group showed lymph node metastases in 7 (5.47 %), 6 (10.2 %), and 6 (13.6 %) patients, respectively.Conclusion. In stage I endometrial cancer patients with a low risk of lymph node metastasis, hysterectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy is recommended. For medium-and high-risk groups, hysterectomy with systemic lymphadenectomy is recommended. If it is not possible to remove the pelvic and lumbar lymph nodes, their biopsy with ICG mapping and microstaging can be recommended. A combination of systemic lymphadenectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy is a promising technique that could hypothetically demonstrate better results in terms of disease staging
View of Military Epidemiologists on the Problem of Global Spread of a New Coronavirus Infection
No full textRelevance. Despite the successes achieved in the fight against COVID-19 and the beginning of mass vaccination, the epidemiological situation remains quite tense, especially in foreign countries. Therefore, there is still a need to maintain the imposed restrictive and anti-epidemic measures, which may increase depending on changes in the epidemiological situation. As the experience of working in the context of a pandemic shows, it is advisable to use the principles of military epidemiology in the practical activities of various specialists in the national health system. They are based on a grouping of medical and non-medical measures aimed at preventing infection drifts, its spread in groups of people and in specific territories, and its removal outside of epidemic foci. Specific immunization of the population against the new coronavirus infection is important, which will ensure the stabilization and smooth out the course of the epidemic process.Aims. To analyze the current state of the global spread of the new coronavirus infection and to consider the possibility of applying the principles of military epidemiology in the fight against the new coronavirus infection.Conclusions. Based on the results of the analysis of literature sources and personal practical experience in the fight against COVID-19, the most effective measures of anti-epidemic protection of the population to date are summarized. Approaches to the organization of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures based on the principles of military epidemiology are proposed: the separation of medical care for infectious patients and their sorting according to the severity of the disease; the maximum approach to the served contingents of anti-epidemic forces and means, taking into account the current sanitary and epidemiological situation; continuous implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic measures until the elimination of epidemic foci; ensuring the mobility and constant readiness of the forces and means involved in carrying out sanitary and anti-epidemic measures
Thaumastoptera (Thaumastoptera) intermixta Savchenko 1974
No full textThaumastoptera (Thaumastoptera) intermixta Savchenko, 1974 (Figs. 2, 7, 8) Thaumastoptera intermixta Savchenko 1974: 34 (description), Fig. 34 (male terminalia). Diagnosis. Small species, yet slightly larger than other species treated here. Body colouration in general pale yellow. Wing without any darker marks. Venation with upper branch of medial fork about 8 times as long as its petiole. Femora and tibiae without any darker rings. Male terminalia with aedeagus exceedingly long, by about one third its length longer than gonocoxite, tapered into subacute tip (Figs. 7, 8). Wing length 5.2–5.6 mm. Material examined: 2 males, 1 female. Russia: Krasnodar Territory, Sochi / Khosta (43°31'24"N 39°52'47"E), 15.v.2011, male (D. Gavryushin leg.) (JSO). Georgia: “Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Adjara: …, …, 16.vi.1978, E. Savchenko leg.” [handwritten label in Cyrilic, illegible in part], male, female (JSO). Redescription. Male: Head. Suffused with dark greyish brown pruinosity on frons and vertex. Rostrum and palpus brown. Antenna 16-segmented, moderately long, reaching to about base of wing, brown throughout. Flagellomeres spherical proximally, passing into ovoid and narrower distally, with verticils moderately dense, longest ones about twice as long as their respective flagellomeres. Thorax. Generally yellow, mostly shiny dorsally, including pronotum, scutellum, and mediotergite. Pleuron likewise shiny yellow. Wing membrane tinged yellowish, veins yellow. No dark spots or darkly tinged sections of veins on wing. Venation generally usual for Thaumastoptera s. str. Sc1 ending about opposite slightly more than one third length of Rs; upper branch of medial fork (M1+2) differing from other species in being very long, about 8 times as long as its petiole (M1+2+3), or longer (Fig. 2). Halter yellow throughout. Legs pale yellow, without any darker rings. Abdomen. Yellow. Male terminalia (Figs. 7, 8) yellow. Segment 9 (basal ring) simple, more or less straight at dorsal posterior margin. Proctiger generally semioval, in part covered with spinulae, broadly rounded at posterior margin. Gonocoxite moderately long, slightly arched. Gonostylus rather long, produced into slightly curved, setose beak, directed medially and subacute at apex, and with another, broadly obtuse projection on outer margin of gonostylus before apex; latter projection with a few spinoid setulae. Group of longer setae at inner margin, at about half-length of gonostylus. Aedeagus exceedingly long, by about one third its length longer than gonocoxite, generally parallel-sided, rather broad proximally, abruptly narrowed to about half its breadth at its half-length, apex of aedeagus tapered into subacute tip. Paramere very short, just as lobe at base of aedeagus. Female. Resembling male in general appearance. Distribution. Russia: North Caucasus; Georgia. Distribution in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan given by Oosterbroek (2017) probably is not based on published primary data (V. Lantsov, pers. comm.). Discussion. Externally, T. (T.) intermixta differs from the other species treated here by its slightly larger size and its completely yellow body colouration, without any dark marks on the wings and any apical rings on the femora and tibiae. Male terminalia are conspicuous in having a very long aedeagus (Figs. 7, 8).Published as part of Starý, Jaroslav & Oboňa, Jozef, 2018, Palaearctic species of Thaumastoptera (s. str.) Mik (Diptera: Limoniidae), pp. 227-234 in Zootaxa 4394 (2) on pages 230-231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4394.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/119767
Intrahepatic bile duct hyperplasia in a baby with partial trisomy of the long arm of 17 chromosome
No full textDIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
No full textDIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I (p) steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at similar to 8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I (p) beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate beta (N) in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.SPCLPH
DIII-D research towards establishing the scientific basis for future fusion reactors
No full textDIII-D research is addressing critical challenges in preparation for ITER and the next generation of fusion devices through focusing on plasma physics fundamentals that underpin key fusion goals, understanding the interaction of disparate core and boundary plasma physics, and developing integrated scenarios for achieving high performance fusion regimes. Fundamental investigations into fusion energy science find that anomalous dissipation of runaway electrons (RE) that arise following a disruption is likely due to interactions with RE-driven kinetic instabilities, some of which have been directly observed, opening a new avenue for RE energy dissipation using naturally excited waves. Dimensionless parameter scaling of intrinsic rotation and gyrokinetic simulations give a predicted ITER rotation profile with significant turbulence stabilization. Coherence imaging spectroscopy confirms near sonic flow throughout the divertor towards the target, which may account for the convection-dominated parallel heat flux. Core-boundary integration studies show that the small angle slot divertor achieves detachment at lower density and extends plasma cooling across the divertor target plate, which is essential for controlling heat flux and erosion. The Super H-mode regime has been extended to high plasma current (2.0 MA) and density to achieve very high pedestal pressures (similar to 30 kPa) and stored energy (3.2 MJ) with H-98y2 approximate to 1.6-2.4. In scenario work, the ITER baseline Q = 10 scenario with zero injected torque is found to have a fusion gain metric beta(TE) independent of current between q(95) = 2.8-3.7, and a lower limit of pedestal rotation for RMP ELM suppression has been found. In the wide pedestal QH-mode regime that exhibits improved performance and no ELMs, the start-up counter torque has been eliminated so that the entire discharge uses approximate to 0 injected torque and the operating space is more ITER-relevant. Finally, the high-beta(N) (<= 3.8) hybrid scenario has been extended to the high-density levels necessary for radiating divertor operation, achieving similar to 40% divertor heat flux reduction using either argon or neon with P-tot up to 15 MW.SPCThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens
