191 research outputs found
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SeaSoar CTD observations from the central Oregon shelf, cruise W9907C : 13-31 July 1999 : a component of the Prediction of Wind-Driven Coastal Circulation Project
No full textThe primary objectives of R/V Wecoma cruise W9907C were to: 1) collect threedimensional fields of temperature, salinity, and light absorption and attenuation using the towed, undulating vehicle SeaSoar; 2) collect 3-D fields of velocity using shipboard ADCP; 3) to make turbulence profiles along a single cross-shelf transect; and 4) locate, recover, and either redeploy or replace a NOPP mooring which had been damaged by a fishing trawler earlier in the season
Thermal decomposition and ignition of coal
No full textA study of the thermal decomposition and ignition of coal as functions of pelletizing pressure and dwell time has revealed that: (1) ignition and thermal behaviour are related to the apparent density of the pelletized coal; (2) for a given apparent density of pelletized coal, the ignition temperature is related to the rate constants of thermal decomposition. Isothermal decomposition in air at 550 °C has been shown to fit the Avrami-Erofeev equation for three-dimensional growth of nuclei
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SeaSoar spectral light absorption and attenuation observations during the coastal mixing and optics experiment : R/V Endeavor cruises from 14-Aug to 1-Sep 1996 and 25-Apr to 15-May 1997
No full textThis data report includes documentation of the Coastal Mixing and Optics (CMO) Experiment inherent optical property surveys on the continental shelf and slope in the Mid-Atlantic Bight south of Cape Cod, Massachusettes, USA. The surveys were conducted aboard the R/V Endeavor during two physical oceanography cruises: E9608 (14 August to 1 September 1996) and E9704 (25 April to 15 May 1997). The objective of the CMO Experiment was to rapidly survey a region in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (centered around 40.5°N, 70.5°W) to obtain three-dimensional, high-resolution measurements which would allow further elucidation of the lengthscales, distributions and relationships between hydrographic and optical properties. This report describes the installation and deployment of the optical instrumentation as well as the data acquisition, data processing and editing of the inherent optical property data. Vertical sections and maps of the inherent optical properties obtained from the surveys are also presented
POSTMODERNISM: A STEP IN AN "INEXACT DIRECTION"
No full textThe article is devoted to the consideration and understanding of postmodernism in the context of its impact on various spheres of society. The author attempts to answer the question of how the onset of a new semantic era coupled with the development of information technologies will affect the state of the society in general and the scientific sphere in particular. The impact of this phenomenon on culture, art (in view of the breadth of the concept, only literature is chosen), social life and science is discussed. Based on the analysis of scientific, publicistic and artistic literary sources, as well as materials from the media, the nature of the trends induced by the sociocultural phenomenon under discussion is established. The author of the article analyzes the works of both apologists of postmodernism (for example, R. Bart, M. Foucault, I. Skoropanova, V. Erofeev) and opponents (for example, J. Baudrillard, A. Dugin, V. Stepin, S. Kara-Murza). We consider relatively new phenomena directly related to the predominance of the philosophical principles of postmodernism in the world information field (for example, “columbiners”, clip thinking, postdemocracy, and some others). The article assesses the attitude of postmodernism to traditional culture and values. The author ascertains the mediated nature of its influence on scientific activity and leans towards a negative assessment of postmodernism (in its present form) as the main ideological principle
Two-stage high temperature sludge gasification using the waste heat from hot blast furnace slags
No full textNowadays, disposal of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants and recovery of waste heat from steel industry, become two important environmental issues and to integrate these two problems, a two-stage high temperature sludge gasification approach was investigated using the waste heat in hot slags herein. The whole process was divided into two stages, i.e., the low temperature sludge pyrolysis at <= 900 degrees C in argon agent and the high temperature char gasification at >= 900 degrees C in CO2 agent, during which the heat required was supplied by hot slags in different temperature ranges. Both the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms were identified and it was indicated that an Avrami-Erofeev model could best interpret the stage of char gasification. Furthermore, a schematic concept of this strategy was portrayed, based on which the potential CO yield and CO2 emission reduction achieved in China could be similar to 1.92 * 10(9) m(3) and 1.93 * 10(6) t, respectively. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [2012AA06A114]; Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program [2013BAC14B07]; Common Development Fund of Beijing; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51472007, 51272005, 51172001]SCI(E)[email protected]
Characteristics of low temperature biomass gasification and syngas release behavior using hot slag
No full textThis study proposes an emerging method to prepare syngas using integrated low temperature biomass gasification combined with heat recovery from hot slag. A series of non-isothermal and isothermal gasification experiments were performed in the temperature range of 250-500 degrees C to determine the effect of the presence of slag on gasification. The results showed that the addition of slag remarkably increased the production of syngas in the temperature range of 425-500 degrees C and during the gasification at 450 degrees C, with a mass ratio of wheat straw to slag of 1 : 1, syngas with 0.149 L CO, 0.036 L H-2 and 0.069 L CH4 can be produced per gram of wheat straw. The kinetic mechanism of biomass gasification changed from an Avrami-Erofeev model to a three-dimensional diffusion model with the addition of slag. Although the presence of slag altered the mechanism of gasification, it did not lower the degree of gasification, and therefore the waste heat from the hot slag can be used to produce syngas. Therefore, an industrial prototype plant composed of multiple systems was proposed, through which an energy saving equivalent to 19.1 million tons of standard coal and an emission reduction of 69.9 million tons of CO2 emission would be achieved in China.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000345660300011&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Chemistry, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)[email protected]
Integration of coal gasification and waste heat recovery from high temperature steel slags: an emerging strategy to emission reduction
No full textWith the continuous urbanization and industrialization in the world, energy saving and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction have been serious issues to be addressed, for which heat recovery from traditional energy-intensive industries makes up a significant strategy. Here we report a novel approach to extract the waste heat and iron from high temperature steel slags (1450-1650 degrees C) produced in the steel industry, i.e., integration of coal gasification and steel slag treatment. Both the thermodynamics and kinetics of the pertinent reactions were identified. It was clarified that the kinetic mechanism for gasification varied from A2 model to A4 model (Avrami-Erofeev) in the presence of slags. Most importantly, the steel slags acted not only as good heat carriers but also as effective catalysts where the apparent activation energy for char gasification got remarkably reduced from 95.7 kJ/mol to 12.1 kJ/mol (A2 model). Furthermore, the FeO in the slags was found to be oxidized into Fe3O4, with an extra energy release, which offered a potential for magnetic separation. Moreover, based on the present research results, an emerging concept, composed of multiple industrial sectors, was proposed, which could serve as an important route to deal with the severe environmental problems in modern society.National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [2012AA06A114]; Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program [2013BAC14B07]; Common Development Fund of Beijing; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51472007, 51272005, 51172001]SCI(E)[email protected]
Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the heavy-group lanthanide dititanates
No full textThe systematic investigation of crystallization kinetics of heavy-group lanthanide dititanate pyrochlores, HL2Ti2O7 (HL=Lu, Tm, Er, Ho, Y, Dy, and Tb) is presented. Materials are prepared by the Pechini-type polymerized complex route, and their thermal properties were studied by differential thermal analysis under non-isothermal conditions. For this group, the crystallization temperature became larger with increasing the ionic radius of lanthanides, from 1066 K for Lu2Ti2O7 to 1125 K for Tb2Ti2O7. The linear dependence of crystallization temperature on radius of heavy lanthanide ions is found to follows T-c [K] = 168.86 + 920.89 x r(ion) [angstrom] semi-empirical equation. Apparent activation energies of crystallization were obtained from calculations based on the Arrhenius equation, isoconversional method and PerezMaqueda method, and are similar to 805 kJ mol(-1) calculated by three different methods. The crystallization kinetics followed the so-called Avrami Erofeev (A3) model, as confirmed using several criteria, namely, the Malek, master plot, and Perez-Maqueda methods. The crystallization mechanism of all lanthanide dititanate pyrochlores is found to be the same, and the crystallization process involves a constant rate of nucleation and two-dimensional growth of nuclei. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.6th International Conference of Excited States of Transition Elements (ESTE) / Workshop on Luminescence, Aug 21-26, 2016, Polanica Zdroj, Polan
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SeaSoar CTD observations during the coastal mixing and optics experiment : R/V Endeavor cruises from 14-Aug to 1-Sep 1996 and 25-Apr to 15-May 1997
No full textTwo physical oceanography cruises on the R/V Endeavor were conducted by the co-PIs Jack Barth and Mike Kosro as part of the ONR-sponsored Coastal Mixing and Optics (CMO) Accelerated Research Initiative. The objective was to rapidly survey a region around 40.5N, 70.5W where a set of moorings and a stationary vessel conducting profiling operations were located (Figure 1). The first cruise took place during a period of strong summer stratification (14 August to 01 September 1996); the second cruise was conducted in the following spring (25 April to 15 May 1997) as water over the shelf restratified after mixing by winter storms. The water column was sampled by towing the undulating vehicle SeaSoar from the surface to within 5-7 m of the bottom (Figure 2). The vehicle was equipped with a standard SeaBird 9/11+ CTD sensor to measure conductivity, temperature, and depth; a nine-wavelength light absorption and attenuation meter (WETLabs ac-9); and a new microstructure instrument developed by OSU (MicroSoar) which measured conductivity and temperature at a very high frequency sampling rate using robust, fast-response probes
Mapping mechanical properties of living cells at nanoscale using intrinsic nanopipette-sample force interactions
No full textMechanical properties of living cells determined by cytoskeletal elements play a crucial role in a wide range of biological functions. However, low-stress mapping of mechanical properties with nanoscale resolution but with a minimal effect on the fragile structure of cells remains difficult. Scanning Ion-Conductance Microscopy (SICM) for quantitative nanomechanical mapping (QNM) is based on intrinsic force interactions between nanopipettes and samples and has been previously suggested as a promising alternative to conventional techniques. In this work, we have provided an alternative estimation of intrinsic force and stress and demonstrated the possibility to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of cell nanomechanical properties of a variety of living cells. Force estimation on decane droplets with well-known elastic properties, similar to living cells, revealed that the forces applied using a nanopipette are much smaller than in the case using atomic force microscopy. We have shown that we can perform nanoscale topography and QNM using a scanning procedure with no detectable effect on live cells, allowing long-term QNM as well as detection of nanomechanical properties under drug-induced alterations of actin filaments and microtubulin
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