6,015 research outputs found
Tsallis, Rényi and Sharma-Mittal Holographic Dark Energy Models in Loop Quantum Cosmology
No full textThe cosmic expansion phenomenon is being studied through the interaction of newly proposed dark energy models (Tsallis, Rényi and Sharma-Mittal holographic dark energy (HDE) models) with cold dark matter in the framework of loop quantum cosmology. We investigate different cosmic implications such as equation of state parameter, squared sound speed and cosmological plane (ω d - ω d ′ , ω d and ω d ′ represent the equation of state (EoS) parameter and its evolution, respectively). It is found that EoS parameter exhibits quintom like behavior of the universe for all three models of HDE. The squared speed of sound represents the stable behavior of Rényi HDE and Sharma-Mittal HDE at the latter epoch while unstable behavior for Tsallis HDE. Moreover, ω d - ω d ′ plane lies in the thawing region for all three HDE models
Generalized thermostatistics based on the Sharma-Mittal entropy and escort mean values
No full textA generalized thermostatistics is developed for an entropy measure introduced
by Sharma and Mittal. A maximum-entropy scheme involving the maximization of
the Sharma and Mittal entropy under appropriate constraints expressed as escort
mean values is advanced. Maximum-entropy distributions exhibiting a power law
behavior in the asymptotic limit are obtained. Thus, results previously derived
for the Renyi entropy and the Tsallis entropy are
generalized. In addition, it is shown that for almost deterministic systems
among all possible composable entropies with kernels that are described by
power laws the Sharma-Mittal entropy is the only entropy measure that gives
rise to a thermostatistics based on escort mean values and admitting of a
partition function
Responsible ML Datasets
No full textIn this study, we discuss the importance of Responsible Machine Learning Datasets through the lens of fairness, privacy, and regulatory compliance and present a large audit of Computer Vision datasets. The audit is conducted through evaluation of the proposed responsible rubric. After surveying over 100 datasets, our detailed analysis of 60 distinct datasets highlights a universal susceptibility to fairness, privacy, and regulatory compliance issues.
Please cite the paper below.
Mittal, Surbhi, Kartik Thakral, Richa Singh, Mayank Vatsa, Tamar Glaser, Cristian Canton Ferrer, Tal Hassner. "On Responsible Machine Learning Datasets Emphasizing Fairness Privacy and Regulatory Norms with Examples in Biometrics and Healthcare." Nature Machine Intelligence (2024).
@article{mittal2024responsible,
title={On Responsible Machine Learning Datasets Emphasizing Fairness Privacy and Regulatory Norms with Examples in Biometrics and Healthcare},
author={Mittal, Surbhi, and Thakral, Kartik and Singh, Richa and Vatsa, Mayank and Glaser, Tamar and Ferrer, Cristian Canton and Hassner, Tal},
journal={Nature Machine Intelligence},
year={2024},
publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London}
Responsible ML Datasets
No full textIn this study, we discuss the importance of Responsible Machine Learning Datasets through the lens of fairness, privacy, and regulatory compliance and present a large audit of Computer Vision datasets. The audit is conducted through evaluation of the proposed responsible rubric. After surveying over 100 datasets, our detailed analysis of 60 distinct datasets highlights a universal susceptibility to fairness, privacy, and regulatory compliance issues.
Please cite the paper below.
Mittal, Surbhi, Kartik Thakral, Richa Singh, Mayank Vatsa, Tamar Glaser, Cristian Canton Ferrer, Tal Hassner. "On Responsible Machine Learning Datasets Emphasizing Fairness Privacy and Regulatory Norms with Examples in Biometrics and Healthcare." Nature Machine Intelligence (2024).
@article{mittal2024responsible,
title={On Responsible Machine Learning Datasets Emphasizing Fairness Privacy and Regulatory Norms with Examples in Biometrics and Healthcare},
author={Mittal, Surbhi, and Thakral, Kartik and Singh, Richa and Vatsa, Mayank and Glaser, Tamar and Ferrer, Cristian Canton and Hassner, Tal},
journal={Nature Machine Intelligence},
year={2024},
publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London}
Identification of antimicrobial activity from goat cervical epithelium
No full text1. In mammals, antimicrobial peptides are present in epithelial cells of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinogenital tracts. In the present study, we report the identification and partial characterization of an antimicrobial peptide in extracts prepared from goat cervical epithelial tissue. 2. The bioactivity, as determined by radial and disc diffusion assays, was identified in a peptide of molecular mass 4.5 kDa purified by cation exchange and gel filtration techniques. The purified peptide exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) as well as Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) bacteria. 3. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the peptide estimated by liquid broth assay for E. coli and B. subtilis suspensions was 31 and 50 μg/mL, respectively, a result implying that the peptide is more efficient in inhibiting Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria. 4. Because the peptide has no spermicidal activity, we propose that it is responsible for protecting the female genital tract against bacteria. 5. Whether the peptide has potentials for use in the cryopreservation, storage and transport of semen remains to be determined
Dataset for "Ge-on-Si modulators operating at mid-infrared wavelengths up to 8 um"
No full textData supports the paper
Li, T., Nedeljkovic, M., Hattasan, N., Cao, W., Qu, Z., Littlejohns, C., Soler Penades, J., Mastronardi, L., Mittal, V., Benedikovic, D., Thomson, D., Gardes, F., Wu, H., Zhou, Z. & Mashanovich, G., (2019) Ge-on-Si modulators operating at mid-infrared wavelengths up to 8 μm Photonics Research.</span
Vitamin D deficiency presenting like hypophosphatemic osteomalacia
No full textIntroduction: Osteomalacia is one of the most common osteometabolic diseases. It is typically caused by lack of vitamin D and is characterized by mineralization deficiency of the osteoid matrix in the cortical and trabecular bone. Indians are at particularly high risk for developing osteomalacia, because of their traditional clothing style and skin color. This condition is frequently misdiagnosed and it can present with bone pain and muscle weakness. Objective: We report a case of osteomalacia with predominant hypophosphatemia. Case report: A 41-year-old male presented with gradually progressive quadriparesis for past 6 months. Patient had low phosphorous (1.9 mg/dl) with calcium being 8.1 mg/dl and 25(OH)Vitamin D3 levels being 8.12 ng/ml. The patient was thought to have concomitant Vitamin D deficiency with possibility of tumor-induced osteomalacia. Further evaluation for the same was planned. However, patient was given a trial of Vitamin D supplementation before further investigations and had dramatic improvement in the form that muscle power improved gradually over next 6 weeks and was able to climb stairs after 2 months. Retrospectively patient gave a history of being at home for many months and there was no exposure to sunlight at all. The biochemical parameters normalized within 4 weeks of starting Vitamin D and serum alkaline phosphatase showed drastic reduction after 6 weeks. All his family members were screened and found to have Vitamin D deficiency including recent born twins having rachitic changes. This was a case of vitamin D deficiency, in 41-year-old male, which presented more like hypophosphatemic osteomalacia but characteristic history of lack of sunlight exposure and dramatic improvement with only vitamin D3 supplementation confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion: The presentation of vitamin D deficiency can be varied and high index of suspicion is important for treatment of this common but frequently misdiagnosed condition
Agricultural Productivity Trends in India: Sustainability Issues
No full textThe sustainability issue of the crop productivity is fast emerging. The post-Green Revolution phase is characterized by high input-use and decelerating total factor productivity growth (TFPG). The agricultural productivity attained during the 1980s has not been sustained during the 1990s and has posed a challenge for the researchers to shift the production function upward by improving the technology index. It calls for an examination of issues related to the trends in the agricultural productivity, particularly with reference to individual crops grown in the major states of India. Temporal and spatial variations of TFPG for major crops of India have also been examined.Agricultural and Food Policy,
Approximation of Signals (Functions) by Trigonometric Polynomials in Lp-Norm
No full textMittal and Rhoades (1999, 2000) and Mittal et al. (2011) have initiated a study of error estimates En(f) through
trigonometric-Fourier approximation (tfa) for the situations in which the summability matrix T does not have monotone rows. In this paper, the first author continues the work in the direction for T to be a Np-matrix. We extend two theorems on summability matrix Np of Deger et al. (2012) where they have extended two theorems of Chandra (2002) using Cλ-method obtained by deleting a set of rows from Cesàro matrix C1. Our theorems also generalize two theorems of Leindler (2005) to Np-matrix which in turn generalize the result of Chandra (2002) and Quade (1937)
The role of mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) in the murine reproductive tract
No full textUterine leiomyomas are benign neoplasms arising from smooth muscle cells of the uterus. They are clinically diagnosed in 25% of women and are associated with significant morbidity. Whole exome approaches have identified heterozygous somatic mutations in the mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) in about 70% of leiomyomas with a majority harboring in exon 2 of MED12 with c.131G>A being the most common SNV. MED12 protein is part of the large mediator complex and is involved in transcriptional regulation of RNA Polymerase II. To elucidate the role of MED12 exon 2 variants in leiomyomagenesis, we generated three different mouse models of Med12; loss-of-function, dominant-negative and gain-of-function mouse models.
The loss-of-function females lacked any leiomyoma-like lesions, instead the reproductive tracts were hypoplastic and the females were infertile.
We engineered a model where we conditionally floxed Med12 c.131G>A cDNA and inserted into the ROSA26 locus to generate Med12 ROSA knock-in mice. Amhr2-cre was used to drive the expression of the mutant Med12 from the ROSA locus either in the absence (gain-of-function) or presence (dominant-negative) of X-chromosome wild-type Med12 in the uterine mesenchyme. Uteri from (gain-of-function) females displayed leiomyoma-like lesions in about 87% of females. Similar characterization of uteri of dominant negative females revealed the development of leiomyoma-like lesions, but with appearance of smaller lesions and lower penetrance (50% of females) as compared to the gain-of-function model, leading us to conclude that the Med12 exon 2 variants are likely to cause uterine leiomyomas via gain-of-function mechanism.
Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) of mouse tumors displayed genome wide aberrations, affecting general tumor pathways. Interestingly, several regions previously implicated in human leiomyomas were also shared by the mouse leiomyomas, revealing the similarities between human and mouse leiomyomas. This data suggests that Med12 exon 2 mutations are precursors to genomic rearrangements leading to an unstable genome. The public health significance of this work includes the successful development of the first animal model for uterine leiomyomas, which will be an invaluable tool to understand the role of MED12 in leiomyoma genesis, as well as provide a unique platform to test targeted therapeutics as an alternative to hysterectomies
- …
