14,156 research outputs found
Susceptibility of 18 eucalypt species to the gall wasp Leptocybe invasa in the nursery and young plantations in Vietnam
No full textThe gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa, is a devastating pest of eucalypt plantations, woodlots, and urban trees in the Middle East, the Mediterranean basin, Africa, India, South-East Asia, and China. It was first observed in Israel in 2000 and has since spread rapidly south and east. It reached southern Vietnam in 2002 and has since moved northward devastating nurseries and young plantations. Eighteen species of eucalypts were selected for a sentinel trial in northern Vietnam to determine their susceptibility to pathogens in the region. They were also rated for the impact of Leptocybe invasa. Leptocybe invasa was capable of feeding and forming galls on 13 species from six sections within Eucalyptus and one species of Corymbia. The impact was greater in the nursery. Five of the Eucalyptus spp. which were susceptible in the nursery were not damaged in the field. The most susceptible hosts in Vietnam were E. camaldulenis, E. grandis, and E. tereticornis, both in the nursery and field trial. Variation in the susceptibility of provenances of E. camaldulensis, E. urophylla, and E. grandis were observed, which is promising for breeding for resistance and long-term control
The role of polyamines in crown gall tumor formation
No full textThe purposes of this study were to determine the effect of the exogenous polyamines, spermidine and spermidine, on growth of crown gall tumors, to assay levels of spermidine and spermine in normal and crown gall tumor tissue and to determine the effects of selected anti-tumor compounds on growth of crown gall tumors as well as on the endogenous levels of the polyamines in those tumors.Findings1. Spermidine and spermine are present in normal potato tissue and crown gall tumor tissue grown on potato discs.2. Exogenous spermidine and spermine do affect growth of crown gall tumors depending upon the concentration of the solutions added, the type of polyamine added and the number of times the solutions are applied.3. Spermidine (1 mM) has a positive growth effect on crown gall tumors.4. Crown gall tumor tissue contains more spermidine than corresponding normal potato tissue; spermine levels are consistently low compared to spermidine levels in both crown gall tissue and normal potato tissue.5. The level of spermidine in tumor tissue increases as the tumors develop; the level of spermine remains consistently low.6. Addition of methylglyoxal bis (guanylyhdrazone) inhibits tumor growth, but the inhibitory effect is decreased by concurrent administration of spermidine.7. Both novobiocin and nalidixic acid have an inhibitory effect on tumor growth, but the effects are decreased by concurrent administration of spermidine. Reversal of the nalidixic acid effect on growth by addition of spermidine is more pronounced than reversal of the novobiocin effect.8. Methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) decreases the endogenous levels of both spermidine and spermine in crown gall tumor tissue.Conclusions1. The polyamine, spermidine, plays an important role in the growth of crown gall tumors.2. Compounds which inhibit spermidine biosynthesis or the possible mode of action of spermidine inhibit tumor growth.3. Other polyamines appear to have no significant role in crown gall tumor growth.4. The growth of crown gall tumors involves the activation of a mechanism leading to the increased biosynthesis of spermidine.5. A specific inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis in animals also reduces endogenous levels of spermidine and spermine in crown gall tumors.6. These data further support the hypothesis that crown gall tumors are similar to animal tumors.Thesis (D. Ed.
Data Repository for: Gall D, Roth D, Stauffert J-P, Zarges J and Latoschik ME (2021) Embodiment in Virtual Reality Intensifies Emotional Responses to Virtual Stimuli. Front. Psychol. 12:674179.
No full textThis repository contains data and analysis scrips for the open-access publication Gall D, Roth D, Stauffert J-P, Zarges J and Latoschik ME (2021) Embodiment in Virtual Reality Intensifies Emotional Responses to Virtual Stimuli. Front. Psychol. 12:674179. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.67417
Data Repository for: Gall D, Roth D, Stauffert J-P, Zarges J and Latoschik ME (2021) Embodiment in Virtual Reality Intensifies Emotional Responses to Virtual Stimuli. Front. Psychol. 12:674179.
No full textThis repository contains data and analysis scrips for the open-access publication Gall D, Roth D, Stauffert J-P, Zarges J and Latoschik ME (2021) Embodiment in Virtual Reality Intensifies Emotional Responses to Virtual Stimuli. Front. Psychol. 12:674179. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.67417
Data Repository for: Gall D, Roth D, Stauffert J-P, Zarges J and Latoschik ME (2021) Embodiment in Virtual Reality Intensifies Emotional Responses to Virtual Stimuli. Front. Psychol. 12:674179.
No full textThis repository contains data and analysis scrips for the open-access publication Gall D, Roth D, Stauffert J-P, Zarges J and Latoschik ME (2021) Embodiment in Virtual Reality Intensifies Emotional Responses to Virtual Stimuli. Front. Psychol. 12:674179. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.67417
Saltbush-associated Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Mediterranean Basin and their chalcidoid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
No full textNumerous species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) have been recorded from saltbush (Chenopodiaceae: Atriplex) around the world but only 11 of them belong to the large cecidomyiid genus Asphondylia. Of these, two species were de-scribed in the late 19th century from complex bud galls on Atriplex halimus in the Mediterranean Basin. In the present study Asphondylia punica is redescribed, A. conglomerata is synonymized with it, and Asphondylia scopuli is described from Atriplex lanfrancoi, an endemic plant to the Maltese Islands. Descriptions are accompanied by information about the galls and life history of the gall midges, and a review of the parasitic Hymenoptera associated with A. scopuli is provided. Four species of parasitoids were found and attributed to the families Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Eupelmidae and Eulophidae, of which the pteromalid Mesopolobus melitensis is described as new.peer-reviewe
FIP Global Pharmacy Workforce Report 2012
No full textKey messages • Access to quality medicines and competent, capable health care professionals are fundamental aspects of any health care system. Pharmaceutical human resources should ensure the uninterrupted supply of quality medicines to the population, their management, and responsible use, as vital components in improving the health of nations. • Multi-stakeholder collaboration incorporating best-available evidence is required to inform needs-based pharmaceutical human resources planning. When relevant, well-informed stakeholders partner to address workforce issues, there are greater possibilities for coordinated workforce planning and implementation. • Pharmacy workforce per capita varies considerably between countries and regions and generally correlates with country level economic development indicators. Countries and territories with lower economic indicators, such as those in Africa, tend to have relatively fewer pharmacists and pharmacy support workers. This has implications for observed inequalities in access to medicines and medicines expertise. In addition, some countries and territories have many times more pharmacies than pharmacists, which may imply a renewed need for supervision of medicines and medicines use. • Strategic frameworks and policies related to the pharmacy workforce are being successfully developed and implemented at the country level through multi-stakeholder processes involving ministries of health, health professional associations, regulators, and educators to drive and achieve both competence and practitioner excellence for care quality. • Improving workforce performance - productivity, competency and the ability to adapt to new roles - is an on-going challenge in the increasingly dynamic environment of rising health care costs, increased demand for health services, and increased burden of chronic diseases. Fuelled in part by an increased focus on patient care and inter-professional collaboration, these elements provide the opportunity for pharmacists to use their professional skills to provide safe, high quality, and cost-effective pharmaceutical services for the benefit of populations. Leadership is a key aspect in empowering pharmacy professionals to maximize these opportunities and to innovate and shape their practice. • Investment in transforming and scaling up professional education is crucial, as education provides the foundation for building a capable health care workforce. The capacity to provide pharmaceutical services in each country is dependent upon having an assured, competent workforce and an integrated academic workforce to train sufficient numbers of new pharmacists and other support staff at both foundation and advanced levels. Ongoing effort is needed to ensure capacity building of skilled medicines expertise meets the pharmaceutical health needs of populations. • A needs-based education strategy allows local systems to best assess the needs of its community and then develop (or adapt) the supporting educational system to produce a workforce relevant to these needs. National health care demands are diverse and complex, often varying widely within and between regions. Although broad and general frameworks may be beneficial at the macro level, a “one-size-fits-all” system does not offer the authenticity needed for full engagement and sustainability at the local level. • Pharmaceutical Human Resources continue to be a priority issue for FIP Education initiatives (FIPEd) to engage collaboratively with all stakeholders; we need to work together towards developing a profession that can meet present and future societal and pharmaceutical health needs around the world (www.fip.org/education)
A snapshot in time: composition of native primary fauna of gall wasps in Spanish contact zones with chestnut trees infested by Dryocosmus kuriphilus
No full textOne of the most prominent problems related to biological invasions is the variation of local species composition, which often leads to ex novo interspecific interactions. Here, we explored and analysed the native species composition of gall inducers and their associated parasitoids and inquilines in Spanish areas invaded by Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu 1951 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), an invasive pest of chestnut trees. After a quantitative description of these species' assemblages, we analysed through bipartite networks the level of the trophic specialisation of parasitoids and inquilines when considering either the host taxonomic identity, the host plant species or the host gall morphological type. We sampled galls of D. kuriphilus and native species of Cynipidae in different Spanish areas, including those where the exotic parasitoid Torymus sinensis Kamijo 1982 (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) had been released for D. kuriphilus biological control. The results indicate that the native parasitoids recruited by D. kuriphilus come almost exclusively from native communities on Quercus galls, except for one species from Rosa. Galls of D. kuriphilus had the second most diverse species composition; despite this species assemblage arose ex novo in less than a decade. The bipartite networks resulted more specialised when considering host plant taxa than when gall types and the host taxa were accounted. In such trophic webs, there were few parasitoid/inquiline specialist and many generalist species, which agrees with the rapid recruitment by D. kuriphilus. Higher parasitoid species richness in D. kuriphilus galls is likely due to their being a largely unexploited available resource for the native natural enemies of cynipid wasps.Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu
Nouveaux aperçus sur les fouilles d' Alésia sous le Second Empire
No full textLe Gall Joël. Nouveaux aperçus sur les fouilles d' Alésia sous le Second Empire. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 105ᵉ année, N. 1, 1961. pp. 73-79
Intramural pure pigment gallstones, a case report
No full textA case of intramural pure pigment gallstones, which were fortuitously found in post-mortem examination, is presented. The incidence, mechanism of formation of the stones and roentgenological diagnosis of the intramural gallstones, porcelain gall bladder, are mentioned.</p
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