6,302 research outputs found
Odontosyllis guillermoi Fukuda & Nogueira 2006
No full textOdontosyllis guillermoi Fukuda & Nogueira, 2006 Odontosyllis guillermoi Fukuda & Nogueira, 2006: 225 –229, figs 1–2. Fukuda 2010: 52 –56, figs 14–15. Fukuda et al. 2013: 150, fig. 1 D. Material examined. Project ‘BioPol-NE’. State of Paraíba, Baía da Traição, Praia do Farol (6 ° 41.331 'S 34 ° 55.803 'W), intertidal: 9 specimens (MZUSP 1232), coll. 0 9 August 2010. Rio Tinto, Barra de Mamanguape (6 ° 46.140 'S 34 ° 55.025 'W), intertidal: 67 specimens (MZUSP 1234), coll. 11 August 2010. Conde, Praia de Tabatinga (7 ° 19.297 'S 34 ° 47.862 'W), intertidal: 4 specimens (MZUSP 1236), coll. 0 1 September 2011; 1 specimen (MZUSP 2794), coll. 17 September 2012; Praia do Coqueirinho (7 ° 19.960 'S 34 ° 47.688 'W), intertidal: 2 specimens (MZUSP 2595), coll. 28 August 2011. Pitimbu, Farol de Pitimbu (7 ° 28.362 'S 34 ° 47.663 'W), 1 m: 1 specimen (MZUSP 2801), coll. 18 September 2012. State of Pernambuco, Goiana, Praia de Pontas de Pedra, intertidal: 2 specimens (MZUSP 2798), coll. 13 December 2012. Ilha de Itamaracá: Ponta do Jaguaribe (7 ° 4.243 'S 34 ° 49.291 'W), intertidal: 3 specimens (MZUSP 2797), coll. 11 December 2012; recifes de Itamaracá (7 ° 4.243 'S 34 ° 49.291 'W), 1 m: 2 specimens (MZUSP 2799), coll. 15 December 2012. Project ‘ Poly-Phytal’. State of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Ilha do Boi. Praia da Direita (20 ° 18 'S 40 ° 17 'W), rocky shore, intertidal: on Hypnea musciformis: 1 specimen (MZUSP 2802), coll. 26 May 2005; on Colpomenia sinuosa: 1 specimen (MZUSP 2803), coll. 0 1 November 2005. Diagnosis. Odontosyllis with two black transverse bands per segment dorsally; short bidentate blades, with distal tooth larger than subdistal one. Type locality. Brazil, São Paulo, Guarujá, Praia Branca (Atlantic Ocean). Distribution. Atlantic Ocean: off northeastern to southeastern coast of Brazil (Paraíba to São Paulo).Published as part of Paresque, Karla, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Martín, Guillermo San & Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, 2015, Amblyosyllis, Eusyllis, Odontosyllis, Perkinsyllis and Streptodonta (Annelida: Syllidae) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species and new records for the country, pp. 301-334 in Zootaxa 4000 (3) on page 320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25437
Clenchiella iriomotensis Ponder, Fukuda & Hallan, 2014, n. sp.
No full textClenchiella iriomotensis n. sp. Figures 1, 3, 4, 11– 14 Clenchiella sp.; Yamashita et al., 2005: 48, 51, 61, fig. 1; Fukuda, 2012: 40, text fig. Etymology. Named after the type locality, Iriomote Island. Types and type locality. Holotype: In shallow tide pools on the back marsh with mangrove trees of the Urauchi River Estuary, 1500 m SW from the Urauchi Bridge, Iriomote Island, Taketomi-chô, Yaeyama-gun, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, 24 ˚ 23 ’ 53 ” N, 123 ˚ 45 ’ 53 ” E, 22 Nov. 2004. Coll. H. Fukuda, H. Yamashita, M. Kimura, K. Suzukida, K. Kuroda and C. Mori (AMS, C. 462961). Paratypes: Same data (AMS, C.460377, 18 spms; AMS, C. 445413. 20 + spms; OKCAB, M 17940, 100+ spms). Material examined. Type material. Iriomote Island, Okinawa; mangrove swamp in Nakara River Estuary, Shirahama, 24 ˚ 21 ’ 31 ” N, 123 ˚ 45 ’09” E (OKCAB, M17940, 9 spms); Maera River Estuary, Komi, 24 ˚ 18 ’ 47 ” N, 123 ˚ 54 ’ 19 ” E (OKCAB, M17942, 9 spms); swamp 200 m SW from Ôhara Elementary School, Ôhara, 24 ˚ 16 ’ 15 ” N, 123 ˚ 52 ’ 35 ” E (OKCAB, M17943, 3 spms); among green algae in mangrove swamp around Urauchi-bashi Bridge, 24 ˚ 24 ’ 10 ” N, 123 ˚ 46 ’ 34 ” E (OKCAB, M17939, 14 spms; M17944, 31 spms). Distribution. Known only from Iriomote Island, SW Okinawa. Description. Shell. Shell small (up to 2.3 mm in maximum diameter; Table 3), spire flat (Figs 1 J–L and 3 H–L). Protoconch not elevated above spire, about 1.4 whorls, surface slightly worn in available specimens but protoconch I with traces of few widely spaced spiral threads, termination indistinct; protoconch II about 0.75 whorl, apparently smooth, terminated by very weak varix. Teleoconch of about 2 whorls, rounded except for weak angulations from two carinae, one mid-dorsal, one mid-basal; whole surface sculptured with distinct spiral sculpture: on inner dorsal part of shell spirals weak to subobsolete, with linear interspaces; on outer side of dorsal carina spiral lirae have interspaces up to twice their width while on periphery lirae weaker to subobsolete, with narrow interspaces; at end of penultimate whorl about 5–6 lirae on outer side of dorsal carina, spirals on inner side subobsolete; irregularly spaced commarginal growth lines cross spirals. Periphery evenly convex. Outer base with spiral sculpture as on outer dorsal surface. Base evenly convex except for mid-basal carina; umbilicus wide (more than half width of base), spiral sculpture weaker than on base, becoming subobsolete within. Sutures moderately impressed. Aperture near circular, with simple, slightly thickened peristome, external varix weakly to well developed, narrow, slightly behind edge of aperture. Periostracum variable in colour between individuals; some are reddish brown, some beige, some bluish grey, with few individuals with combinations of these colours. Shell white. Operculum. Horny, near circular, of up to 8 slowly increasing whorls (Fig. 4 C, D). Interior with narrow, raised edge to muscle attachment area close to slightly thickened, ridge-like columellar edge and very small, hardly raised nipple in middle. Head-foot. Living animal generally similar to Cl. victoriae. Snout with several narrow longitudinal stripes of black pigment, and black near distal bands on tentacles (Fig. 11). Bright lemon yellow pigment cells scattered along tentacles. Black pigment also found on neck and around eyes, anterior lateral foot and lateral stripe along dorsal sides of foot. Foot expanded laterally anteriorly and anterior edge indented; tapers posteriorly to point. Opercular lobe thin. Sole translucent white except for scattered white mucous gland cells. Long, stationary cilia on distal ends of tentacles. Cilial tufts on left tentacle not noted. Ctenidium. About 30 filaments. Radula. Typical of family. Cusp formulae 4 + 1 +4, 3– 4 + 1 + 4 -5, 20–22, 23– 25, median cusps of central and lateral teeth long (twice as long as adjacent cusps or longer), slender, pointed; other cusps on all teeth slender, pointed (Fig. 12). Gut. Anterior oesophagus with two weak folds; rectum with one tight loop. Penis. Moderately long (Fig. 13 A–C), wide distally and narrow proximally; on distal portion two large, distinct, round lobes, one on right edge, another on middle part. Narrow papilla arising from left edge of penis, with pointed tip. Penial duct very slightly undulating to almost straight. Oviduct. Albumen gland slightly shorter than capsule gland (Fig. 13 D, E). Coiled oviduct wide, with single very large coil. Seminal receptacles short, about equal in size. Ventral channel rather long, narrow, straight. Bursa extremely large, elongately-oval, lying on left side of oviduct gland, about 1 / 3 behind posterior wall of mantle cavity; posterior part as wide as anterior part; bursal duct with C-shaped curve at anterior end on left side of capsule gland. Genital opening simple, on ventral edge of meeting point of ventral channel and bursal duct. Nervous system. As for Cl. bicingulata. Remarks. The shell of this species is very similar to that of both Cl. varicosa and Cl. bicingulata. The spiral cords are weaker and fewer in Cl. varicosa, as are the main keels, while Cl. bicingulata has stronger spiral sculpture, especially on the periphery and the aperture is more strongly inclined. The rectum of Cl. iriomotensis has only one loop, a character shared with Cl. varicosa whereas other species in the family have two loops (condition in Cl. victoriae unknown). These two latter species also have a somewhat similar penial morphology, although one of the distal glands is smaller in Cl. varicosa. Clenchiella iriomotensis differs significantly, however, from Cl. varicosa in the female genital system, with the bursa copulatrix having a very different configuration (cf. Figs 10 C, D and 13 D, E), although it is rather similar to that of Cl. bicingulata.Published as part of Ponder, Winston F., Fukuda, Hiroshi & Hallan, Anders, 2014, A review of the family Clenchiellidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea), pp. 101-153 in Zootaxa 3872 (2) on pages 123-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3872.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25322
Coleglabra Ponder, Fukuda & Hallan, 2014, n. gen.
No full textColeglabra n. gen. Type species: Colegrabra nordaustralis n. sp. — Coleglabra misspelt Etymology. Colis (Latin): penis; glabra (Latin): smooth, unadorned. Gender feminine. Diagnosis. Shell minute (up to 1.9 mm in diameter). Whorls with few dorsally distinct spiral cords and indistinct spirals on base; strong spiral keels absent. Aperture near circular, peristome simple, prosocline, external varix absent (Figs 28 D–I and 29 F–K). Operculum simple with no peg or white deposit on inner side. Head-foot colourless with no pigment. Penis long, slender, tapering, with no distinct swellings or glands; arising from right side of head behind right eye; tip pointed, with no distinct papilla. Bursa copulatrix large, about 1 / 2 behind posterior wall of mantle cavity; bursal duct extremely wide, forming large, round chamber at anterior part. One seminal receptacle. Remarks. The shells of members of this genus are similar to that of Colenuda kessneri in having a few spiral threads on the dorsal surface of the shell and weaker spirals on the base, lacking spiral keels and in having a relatively narrow umbilicus and a low to moderate spire (flat to slightly sunken in Clenchiella and some species of Coliracemata). The shell of Coleglabra differs most obviously from that of Colenuda in having a simple peristome, that of Colenuda having a wide, shallow excavation and in lacking any external varix. As in Coliracemata, the head-foot is unpigmented but it is not in the other two genera. The penis, like that of Colenuda, lacks distinct lobes or glands and, like Colenuda, the operculum lacks a central projection. The shell resembles that of some species of Coliracemata in having a slightly raised spire, no varix and rather weak spiral sculpture. The spirals are slightly irregular but less obviously wavy than they are in most species of Coliracemata. The edge of the aperture, viewed dorsally, is straight in species of Coliracemata and convex in the two known species of Coleglabra. Only the type species of Coleglabra is known anatomically. Another species is provisionally included in this genus based on its similar shell.Published as part of Ponder, Winston F., Fukuda, Hiroshi & Hallan, Anders, 2014, A review of the family Clenchiellidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea), pp. 101-153 in Zootaxa 3872 (2) on page 146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3872.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25322
The virtues of Fukuda laboratory of crystal growth
No full textAbstractThe author, dealing with crystal growth of II–VI, IV–VI and III–V compounds for more than 25 years, describes his impressions on the state of art of the basic research in the field of bulk growth of electronic materials in Japan, obtained during his stay from 1993 to 1994 as invited professor at the laboratory of Professor Tsuguo Fukuda at the Institute for Materials Research of Tohoku University in Sendai. He learned that the future generations of electronic and optical devices require original ideas and unconventional steps towards new bulk crystal growth technologies combined with a close teamwork between academic laboratories and industry
Odontosyllis brevichaetosa Paresque, Fukuda, Martín & Nogueira, 2015, sp. n.
No full textOdontosyllis brevichaetosa sp. n. Figures 8–11; Table 1 Material examined. Project ' BioPol-NE'. State of Paraíba, Mataraca, Barra de Camaratuba (6 ° 36.196 'S 34 ° 57.867 'W), intertidal: 1 specimen (MZUSP 2817), coll. 12 August 2010. Baía da Traição, Praia do Farol (6 ° 41.331 'S 34 ° 55.803 'W), intertidal: 66 specimens (MZUSP 2813), coll. 0 9 August 2010. Rio Tinto, Barra de Mamanguape (6 ° 46.140 'S 34 ° 55.025 'W), intertidal: 47 specimens (MZUSP 2812), coll. 11 August 2010. João Pessoa, Cabo Branco (7 ° 8.815 'S 34 ° 47.773 'W), intertidal: 5 specimens (MZUSP 2811), coll. 0 2 February 2010. Conde, Praia de Jacumã (7 ° 16.535 'S 34 ° 47.969 'W), intertidal: 1 specimen (MZUSP 2818), coll. 29 January 2010. State of Pernambuco, Goiana, Praia de Pontas de Pedra (7 ° 36.927 'S 34 ° 48.296 'W), intertidal: 91 specimens (MZUSP 2819), coll. 13 December 2012. Ilha de Itamaracá, Ponta do Jaguaribe (7 ° 4.243 'S 34 ° 49.291 'W), intertidal: 7 specimens (MZUSP 2821), coll. 11 December 2012. Type series. All specimens collected by the Project ' BioPol-NE '. State of Pernambuco, Goiana, Praia de Pontas de Pedra (7 ° 36.927 'S 34 ° 48.296 'W), intertidal: Holotype (MZUSP 2806), Paratype 1 (MZUSP 2807) and Paratype 7 (ZUEC-POL 17003) collected 13 December 2012. State of Paraíba, Baía da Traição, Praia do Farol (6 ° 41.331 'S 34 ° 55.803 'W), intertidal: Paratype 2 (MZUSP 2808), Paratype 3 (MZUSP 2809), Paratype 4 (MZUSP 2810), Paratype 5 (ZUEC-POL 17004), Paratype 6 (ZUEC-POL 17005) and Paratype 8 (MNCN 16.01 / 16550), coll. 0 9 August 2010; Rio Tinto, Barra de Mamanguape (6 ° 46.140 'S 34 ° 55.025 'W), intertidal: Paratype 9 (MNCN 16.01 / 16551), coll. 11 August 2010. Additional material examined. Odontosyllis australiensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1979. Australia, Western Australia, Kimberley region: Lafontaine Is. (14 ° 10 'S 125 ° 47 'E), 15 m: 1 specimen (AM W 28933), coll. P.A. Hutchings, 19 July 1988; reef south of Lucas Is., Brunswick Bay (15 ° 16 'S 124 ° 29 'E), 2 m; 1 specimen (AM W 28932), coll P.A. Hutchings, 24 July 1988; Calliope R., Gladstone (23 ° 51 'S 151 ° 10 'E), silty sand, 5.6 m: 1 specimen (AM W 198074), coll. P. Saenger, October 1980. Description. Small to medium-sized body, largest specimen incomplete, 10.2 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, with 58 segments (Table 1). Live specimens without pigmentation, body beige after preservation. Palps distally rounded, basally fused (Fig. 8 A–D). Prostomium ovate with two pairs of eyes in rectangular to trapezoidal arrangement, anterior eyespots absent (Fig. 9 A); lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium, about twice as long as combined length of palps and prostomium; median antenna inserted on middle of prostomium, between eyes, 1.5 times length of lateral antennae (Figs 8 A–F; 9 A); nuchal organs as a broad semi-circular rows of cilia, from bases of lateral antennae to lateral borders of prostomium (Figs 8 D–F; 9 A), bordering posterior margin of prostomium (Fig. 8 D, F). Peristomium dorsally reduced, with semi-circular occipital flap covering middorsal area of posterior prostomium (Figs 8 A–B, D–F; 9 A), occipital flap with fringe of cilia on anterior boarder (Fig. 8 A–B, D, F); dorsal peristomial cirri slightly longer than median antenna, ventral peristomial cirri about same length as median antenna, inserted ventro-lateraly, close to mouth (Fig. 8 C). Chaetiger 1 with transverse row of cilia extending dorsally for short extension from bases of dorsal cirri (Fig. 8 A); midbody with lateral constrictions between chaetigers, with tufts of cilia ventrally at bases of cirrophores (Fig. 10 O) and a tuft of cilia in either side, anterior and posterior, of parapodial lobes (Fig. 8 G–H). Dorsal cirri of chaetiger 1 slighly longer than dorsal peristomial cirri (Fig. 8 B); dorsal cirri of chaetigers 2 and 3 ca. 1 / 2 and 2 / 3 as long as dorsal cirri 1, respectively; remaining dorsal cirri slightly shorter than dorsal cirri 2 (Fig. 8 A). Antennae, peristomial and dorsal cirri throughout with short cirrophores (Figs 8 A–G; 9 A; 10 A), cirrostyles distally tapering, alternating between long, similar in length to body width or slightly shorter, and short, ca. 2 / 3 as long as longer cirri. Ventral cirri rounded to ovate, slightly shorter than parapodial lobes (Fig. 8 C). Parapodial lobes conical, bilobed distally (Fig. 8 G). Anterior parapodia with 17–22 falcigers each (Fig. 10 C), midbody with 5–16, posterior parapodia with 8–14 falcigers each (Table 1); shafts of falcigers subdistally spinulated, with straight tips in anterior parapodia and in dorsalmost falcigers of each fascicle throughout; from midbody onwards, shafts of ventralmost falcigers subdistally inflated, sigmoid, with short, forward directed tips (Figs 9 C, E, I; 10 B, D, F–G, J, M–N); ligament between shafts and blades spinulated, especially on mid- and posterior body chaetigers (Figs 9 C, E, I; 10 G, J); blades of falcigers spinulated and bidentate, teeth of similar size on anterior and midbody parapodia, falcigers of posterior parapodia with subdistal tooth shorter, difference in length of teeth more conspicuous in ventral chaetae (Figs 9 C, E, I; 10 B, D–L); blades with inverted dorso-ventral gradation in length, 6–17 µm long on anterior chaetigers, 5–16 µm long on midbody, 8–14 µm long on posterior chaetigers (Table 1). Dorsal simple chaetae beginning on chaetigers 2–24 (Table 1), thin, ca. 1 / 3 as thick as shafts of falcigers, slightly sigmoid, subdistally spinulated (Figs 9 G; 10 B) with rounded tips; ventral simple chaetae only present in last chaetigers (Table 1), sigmoid, bidentate, subdistal tooth triangular, sligtly smaller than distal tooth, subdistally spinulated, about 1 / 2 as thick as shafts of falcigers (Figs 9 H; 10 O). Anterior parapodia with 2–3 aciculae each, midbody with 1–2, each posterior parapodium with single acicula; aciculae subdistally enlarged, with collar of spines, and short, acute tip (Fig. 9 B, D, F). Pygidium not seen. Pharynx through 2–3 segments (Fig. 9 A; Table 1), trepan with six teeth and two lateral plates (Fig. 11 C); proventricle through 6–8 segments, with ca. 60 muscle cell rows (Figs. 9 A; 11 A–B; Table 1). Remarks. Odontosyllis brevichaetosa sp. n. is characterized by having short, bidentate falciger blades with inverted dorso-ventral gradation in length, and shafts of ventralmost falcigers from midbody parapodia onwards subdistally inflated, with sigmoid tip. At first glance, the pharynx of O. brevichaetosa sp. n. seems to lack denticles. In fact, they are very difficult to see, even after dissection, because they are covered by an opaque hood (Fig. 11 A–B). Odontosyllis australiensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1979, from Australia, closely resembles O. brevichaetosa sp. n., in having an occipital flap of similar size, dorsal cirri with a similar pattern of alternation between long and short cirri along the body, falcigers with short, bidentate blades, with heavily spinulated ligament between shafts and blades, dorsal and ventral simple chaetae morphologically similar, same number of aciculae per parapodium throughout, and pharynx and proventricle of similar length. However, O. australiensis has one transverse row of cilia dorsally on each chaetiger, extending to parapodial lobes, falcigers with all shafts similar in shape and blades with teeth about same size throughout, and trepan with five teeth (San Martín & Huchings 2006). On the other hand, O. brevichaetosa sp. n. has a fringe of cilia on anterior border of peristomium and, except for chaetiger 1, dorsal rows of cilia are absent on chaetigers; falcigers with more sigmoid, subdistaly inflated shafts ventralwards, blades with distal tooth larger than subdistal one on posterior parapodia; and a trepan with six teeth. Odontosyllis polycera (Schmarda, 1861) a widely reported species, with type locality in Table Bay, South Africa, resembles O. brevichaetosa sp. n. in the morphology of the falcigers and dorsal simple chaetae. Nevertheless, it is a larger species, with proportionally larger occipital flap, covering most of the prostomium, and has up to 50 falcigers per parapodium on anterior body, blades of falcigers 23 – 15 µm long, and ventral simple chaetae with short subdistal tooth (San Martín & Huchings 2006). In contrast, O. brevichaetosa sp. n. has shorter occipital flap, 17–22 falcigers per parapodium on anterior body, blades of falcigers 5–16 µm long, and ventral simple chaetae with large subdistal tooth. Odontosyllis brevichaetosa sp. n. differs from the other species of this genus occurring in Brazilian waters except for O. cf. fulgurans sensu Fukuda & Nogueira, 2006 in lacking dorsal colour patterns. However, Odontosyllis cf. fulgurans, has falcigers with longer, bidentate blades throughout, with teeth of similar size. In addition to the presence of color patterns, O. guarauensis has longer and ciliate palps; shorter and proportionally stouter antennae and dorsal cirri throughout; roughly rectangular occipital flap, almost as wide as the prostomium, covering posterior and, sometimes, the anterior pairs of eyes; shafts of dorsalmost falcigers with subdistal, nearly triangular enlargement and thin, straight tip (see Fukuda et al. 2013, Figs 4 C–D; 7 E, G); aciculae irregularly enlarged distally; and trepan with nine teeth (Fukuda et al. 2013). Odontosyllis aracaensis has a characteristic distribution of body ciliation, shafts of falcigers with straight tips and thinner and elongated blades, and characteristic aciculae, subdistally enlarged and slightly spinulated, sometimes with short, acute tip (Fukuda et. al. 2013); Odontosyllis guillermoi has 28 and 20 falcigers on each anterior and midbody parapodium, respectively, falcigers with sharp and slightly shorter subdistal tooth on anterior chaetigers, much shorter from midbody onwards, and a pharynx extending for 9–10 chaetigers. Distribution. Atlantic Ocean: only know from off the northern coast of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Etymology. The species epithet refers to the characteristic short size of the blades of falcigers.Published as part of Paresque, Karla, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Martín, Guillermo San & Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, 2015, Amblyosyllis, Eusyllis, Odontosyllis, Perkinsyllis and Streptodonta (Annelida: Syllidae) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species and new records for the country, pp. 301-334 in Zootaxa 4000 (3) on pages 314-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25437
Evaluating the upper-body strength and power from a single test: the ballistic puh-up.
No full textAbstract: Wang, R, Hoffman, JR, Sadres, E, Bartolomei, S, Muddle, TWD, Fukuda, DH, and Stout, JR. Evaluating upper-body strength and power from a single test: the ballistic push-up. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1338–1345, 2017—The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of the ballistic push-up (BPU) exercise and to develop a prediction model for both maximal strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM]) in the bench press exercise and upper-body power. Sixty recreationally active men completed a 1RM bench press and 2 BPU assessments in 3 separate testing sessions. Peak and mean force, peak and mean rate of force development, net impulse, peak velocity, flight time, and peak and mean power were determined. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to examine the reliability of the BPU. Stepwise linear regression was used to develop 1RM bench press and power prediction equations. Intraclass correlation coefficient's ranged from 0.849 to 0.971 for the BPU measurements. Multiple regression analysis provided the following 1RM bench press prediction equation: 1RM = 0.31 × Mean Force − 1.64 × Body Mass + 0.70 (R2 = 0.837, standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 11 kg); time-based power prediction equation: Peak Power = 11.0 × Body Mass + 2012.3 × Flight Time − 338.0 (R2 = 0.658, SEE = 150 W), Mean Power = 6.7 × Body Mass + 1004.4 × Flight Time − 224.6 (R2 = 0.664, SEE = 82 W); and velocity-based power prediction equation: Peak Power = 8.1 × Body Mass + 818.6 × Peak Velocity − 762.0 (R2 = 0.797, SEE = 115 W); Mean Power = 5.2 × Body Mass + 435.9 × Peak Velocity − 467.7 (R2 = 0.838, SEE = 57 W). The BPU is a reliable test for both upper-body strength and power. Results indicate that the mean force generated from the BPU can be used to predict 1RM bench press, whereas peak velocity and flight time measured during the BPU can be used to predict upper-body power. These findings support the potential use of the BPU as a valid method to evaluate upper-body strength and power
Impact of Fatigue on Quality of Life in People With Parkinson’s Disease
No full textAbstract
Date Presented 3/30/2017
The symptom of fatigue was shown to be an effector for quality of life (QOL) in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) independently from motor function–related PD symptoms. Intervention to improve specific aspects of fatigue is recommended to promote better QOL for people with PD.
Primary Author and Speaker: Kayoko Takahashi
Contributing Authors: Naoto Kamide, Michinari Fukuda</jats:p
Coleglabra nordaustralis Ponder, Fukuda & Hallan, 2014, n. sp.
No full text<i>Coleglabra nordaustralis</i> n. sp. <p>Figures 28–32</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Refers to northern Australia, the provenance of the species.</p> <p> <b>Types and type locality.</b> Holotype: Douglas-Daly Research Farm, Top End, Douglas River, approx. 1 km E from the junction with Daly River, Northern Territory, Australia. Permanent freshwater river above tidal influence on limestone bed, 13° 50' 15" S, 131° 08' 45" E, 13 Aug. 1995. Coll. V. Kessner (NTM P.53502); Paratypes. Same data (AMS C.307276, 14 spms; C.307290, 20+ spms; C.410981, 7 spms; NTM P.53503, 5 spms).</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Type material.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from the type locality, but may occur in similar conditions in the lower reaches of other coastal rivers in the Northern Territory.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Shell</i>. Minute (up to 1.9 mm in maximum diameter; Table 3), spire slightly raised (Figs 28 D–F and 29F–K). Protoconch of about 1.2 whorls, surface of protoconch I smooth except for very minute, close-set pustules, terminated by thin, indistinct varix at about 0.9 whorls; protoconch II about quarter whorl, smooth, weakly differentiated from teleoconch. Teleoconch of about 1.7–1.8 convex whorls, upper surface sculptured with few distinct, spiral threads from mid-dorsal to outer part of whorls, interspaces linear to subequal, about 9–11 at end of penultimate whorl, usually subobsolete on last third of last whorl; inner dorsal part of whorls sometimes with few similar spirals or lacks them; often stronger, irregularly spaced commarginal growth lines intersect spirals. Periphery evenly convex, spiral lirae weak to absent on peripheral area. Base evenly convex, umbilicus wide (approximately half width of base), spiral sculpture continuous to subobsolete within. Sutures impressed. Aperture near circular, with simple, slightly thickened peristome, no external varix. Coloration of periostracum variable, including dark grey to black, reddish brown, to yellowish white.</p> <p> <i>Operculum</i>. Horny, near circular, of about 4 slowly increasing whorls (Fig. 30 C, D). Interior with simple muscle attachment area. Central part slightly thickened, no projection or white deposit.</p> <p> <i>Head-foot</i>. Not observed alive. In preserved materials, with long cephalic tentacles and wide snout; pigment lacking on head-foot.</p> <p> <i>Ctenidium.</i> 16 to 20 filaments.</p> <p> <i>Radula.</i> Typical of family. Cusp formulae 5+1+5, 4–6+1+5–6, 19–20, approx. 16, median cusps of central and lateral teeth long (nearly twice as long as adjacent cusps), narrow, pointed on central teeth, pointed to blunt on lateral teeth; other cusps on all teeth slender, pointed (Fig. 31 C, D).</p> <p> <i>Gut.</i> Anterior oesophagus with two weak folds; rectum with two tight loops.</p> <p> <i>Penis</i>. Long, slender, tapering, with no distinct swellings or glands; arising from right side of head behind right eye. Tip pointed, with no distinct papilla. Penial duct irregularly undulating (Fig. 32 E).</p> <p> Testis and ovary typical of family (<i>i.e.</i>, similar to that figured for <i>Clenchiella bicingulata</i>) (Fig. 32 F).</p> <p> <i>Oviduct</i>. Elongate bean-shaped. Albumen gland about as long as capsule gland (Fig. 32 G, H). Coiled oviduct narrow, with two extremely large coils. Seminal receptacle single, rather long, slender. Ventral channel long, gently curved. Bursa large, about 1/2 behind posterior wall of mantle cavity; posterior end pointed; middle part widest, then narrows anteriorly to open to bursal duct. Bursal duct extremely wide, highly muscular, forming large, round chamber at anterior part (visible from both dorsal and ventral side) of capsule gland. Genital opening simple, on ventral edge of meeting point of ventral channel and bursal duct. Single, slender, posteriorly located seminal receptacle.</p> <p> <i>Nervous system</i>. Similar to that of <i>Cl. bicingulata</i>.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. This species is distinguished from other clenchiellids above and with the possible congener below.</p>Published as part of <i>Ponder, Winston F., Fukuda, Hiroshi & Hallan, Anders, 2014, A review of the family Clenchiellidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea), pp. 101-153 in Zootaxa 3872 (2)</i> on pages 146-147, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3872.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/253224">http://zenodo.org/record/253224</a>
Aviassiminea palitans Fukuda & Ponder 2003, n. sp.
No full textAviassiminea palitans n. sp. (Figures 1, 2, 3A–C, 4A–B, 5–8) Derivation: palitans —Latin—wandering about, a reference to this taxon being widespread in northern Australia. Type material: H (AMS, C.395093), and 100+ paratypes (AMS, C.394683); six paratypes (WAM, S.30244); six paratypes (NTM, P18556). Type locality: Great Sandy Desert, SSW of Lagrange, Pilbara, WA, behind Sandfire, first spring, 19°47.25∞S, 121°20.5∞E, 18 September 1987, W. F. Ponder and W. Edgecombe. Other material examined: (all material in Australian Museum, Sydney, unless otherwise stated). Millstream, Millstream NP, Pilbara, WA: Crystal Pool, 21°35.6∞S, 117°4∞E, 23 September 1987, W. B. Edgecombe (20+, C.394685); Lily Pond/Crystal Pool, edge of pool, 21°35.5∞S, 117°4∞E, 14 September 1987, W. F. Ponder and W. Edgecombe (many, C.394145, C.394673, C.394688, C.394687, C.394672); Lily Pond, litter under paperbarks and palms, around edge, 14 September 1987, W. F. Ponder (20+, C.394709); Deep Reach Pool, 21°37.25∞S, 117°6.5∞E, 12–13 September 1987, W. F. Ponder and W. Edgecombe (20+, C.394740, C.394676); top end of Palm Pool, concrete crossing, 21°34.33∞S, 117°3.17∞E, 14 September 1987, W. F. Ponder and W. Edgecombe (5, C.394689). SSW of Lagrange, Pilbara, WA, Great Sandy Desert: near first spring, behind Sandfire, 19°47.25∞S, 121°20.75∞E, 18 September 1987, W. F. Ponder and W. Edgecombe (20+, C.394147); Eil Eil South, c. 200 km SSW of Lagrange, 19°48∞S, 121°26.83∞E, 18 September 1987, W. F. Ponder and W. Edgecombe (20+, C.394670); N of Eil Eil, 19°47.75∞S, 121°26.5∞E, 19 September 1987, W. F. Ponder and W. Edgecombe (20+, C.394678). Cassini Island, N. of Admiralty Gulf, Bonaparte Archipeligo, WA, 13°57∞23◊S, 125° 38∞13◊E, in vine thicket at base of laterite cliff in damp crevices (pools apparently present in wet season, V. Kessner, pers. com.), 17 July 1988, V. Kessner and A. Longbottom (Field Museum, Chicago, many, 219798/N). Northern end of Ningbing Ranges, N. of Kununurra, eastern Kimberley, WA: Brolga Spring, 14°53.64∞S, 128°34∞E, on wood and damp litter, 23 May 1986, P. H. Colman (20+, C.151085); same locality, 28 June 1996, W. F. Ponder, A. C. Miller, V. Kessner and D. Beechey (5, C.401408); large unnamed spring, 2 km N of Brolga Springs, 14°52.86∞S, 128°33.65∞E, 28 June 1996, W. F. Ponder, A. C. Miller, D. L. Beechey and V. Kessner, pH 6.18 (20+, C.318699); near Long Spring, 14°53.54∞S, 128°38.53∞E, 29 June 1996, washed from dead vegetation around edge of pool, W. F. Ponder, A. C. Miller, D. L. Beechey and V. Kessner, pH 6.23 (20+, C.327890); Haleys Spring, 14°52.83∞S, 128°40.63∞E, 29 June 1996, on mud on side of small pools, W. F. Ponder, A. C. Miller, D. L. Beechey and V. Kessner, pH 6.13 (20+, C.394719). Mataranka, NT: Mataranka Thermal Springs Reserve, 14°55∞S, 133°8.5∞E, 9 May 1987, V. Kessner (16, C.394712); Mataranka Springs, 14°55∞S, 133°8.5∞E, 18 May 1986, on edge of spring against dense palm stands, P. H. Colman (18, C.150820); same locality, near bath, 14°55.52∞S, 133°8.11∞E, 19 August 1994, W. F. Ponder, G. Wilson and V. Kessner (40+, C.327892; C.327896); Roper R, just below crossing at Mataranka, 14°55∞S, 133°7∞E, 9 May 1987, in seep under palms, V. Kessner (20 +, C.394708); same location, 18 May 1986, P. H. Colman (20+, C.151986); Elsie Falls at Roper River, main pool, 14°55.09∞S, 133°7.06∞E, 20 August 1994, 1– 8 cm above water on roots etc., W. F. Ponder, G. Wilson and V. Kessner (20 +, C.394722); 1.4 km S of Elsie Falls on road between limestone sink holes, 14°58∞S, 133°16∞E, 19 May 1986, P. H. Colman (2, C.151235); Elsie Cemetery, 11 km S of Mataranka Springs, 15°5.15∞S, 133°7.44∞E, 23 June 1996, in recently dried up pool/swamp, W. F. Ponder and D. L. Beechey (1, C.371631); NW of airstrip to Elsey Stn, E of Mataranka, 14°57∞S, 133°17.5∞E, 18 May 1986, along creek intermittently appearing and disappearing in limestone, P. H. Colman (20 +, C.151073); Roper Creek near junction with Waterhouse Creek, near Mataranka, 14°55.74∞S, 133° 7.06∞E, 19 August 1994, W. F. Ponder, D. Beechey and V. Kessner (5, C.401410); Salt Creek, at Roper highway, 15°0.74∞S, 133°14.31∞E, 19 May 1997, W. F. Ponder, G. Wilson and V. Kessner (20+, C. 401409). Description Shell (figure 1). Small, ovate–conic to conic, thin, shiny, translucent in young specimens, opaque in mature specimens. Protoconch (figure 1G–I) of 1.5–1.75 convex whorls, sculptured with fine wrinkles (figure 1H). Teleoconch bright reddishorange to pale brown, of 4.0–5.5 weakly convex whorls, sculptured with weak growth lines and irregular microscopic spiral threads; suture shallow, impressed. Aperture wide, pyriform; peristome complete, sharp, with no apertural varix; outer lip prosocline, slightly expanded outwardly at terminal growth; parietal lip (note: we use the term parietal lip for that part of the inner lip of the aperture lying against the parietal wall and the term columellar lip for the part of the inner lip anterior to this) rather long, slightly curved, thin, transparent; columellar lip thin, gently curved, anterior end forming a weak projection crossing anterior part of outer lip, but lacking canal. Umbilicus narrowly but distinctly open; umbilical area with dense axial growth lines, surrounded by a few obscure spiral ridges. Shell dimensions. See table 1. Shells of males and females are similar in shape and size (p >0.01). Operculum (figure 2A, B). Paucispiral, thin, horny, yellowish, transparent, pyriform, with posterior end slightly elongated. Outer surface with irregular growth lines. Muscular scar on inner surface long, elongate-oval, occupying about 4/5 of surface. Head-foot (figures 3A–C, 5, 6A, B). Majority of head covered with thin black pigment in many specimens, except for colourless, translucent eye stalk (=bulge; figure 3A: b), anterior end of snout (sn) in some specimens, sole (s) and omniphoric groove (omg). Eyes (e) conspicuous, black, at middle of rather long eye stalk (b); mass of tiny white granules (wg) at proximal portion of eye stalk. No distinct cephalic tentacle present (see Nervous system). Snout moderately long, bilobed. Foot (f) large, wide, anterior and posterior ends simple and rounded. Opening to anterior mucous gland (ms) wide, transverse slit at about 0.2 mm posterior to anterior end of foot. Anterior mucous gland (amg) composed of large white cells visible through translucent skin of sole and arranged as two large sacs that open at middle part of transverse slit. No posterior mucous gland or metapodial tentacle present. On both sides of head, wide omniphoric grooves (omg) run ventrally; right groove wider than left. Right groove carries faecal pellets from inside pallial cavity to outside (observed in living specimens). Sole broad, flat. Mode of locomotion ‘step-like’ (similar to Pomatiopsis, Davis, 1967); animals very active, crawling powerfully and rapidly on mud and solid objects. Pallial cavity (figures 4A, 8B). Pallial cavity large, spacious, occupies about two thirds of body whorl (depth of cavity about 2.0– 2.2 mm). Pallial roof with black pigmentation, particularly in dorsal half and area along anterior mantle edge (figure 4A: me). Kidney opening (ko) conspicuous, in posterior-most corner of cavity; kidney (k) entirely behind pallial cavity, compact, consisting of mass of colourless, transparent cells. Gill (g) very rudimentary, a row of four (six in one specimen, figure 8B) blunt, finger-like filaments consisting of only gf1; on posterior portion of efferent vein (figure 4A: ef) on left side of cavity. Osphradium (figures 4A, 8B: os) small, short, elongate-oval, containing conspicuous osphradial ganglion (osg). Digestive system (figures 2C–G, 4B, 5, 8A–C). Mouth (m) opens between pair of muscular lips into buccal cavity. Buccal mass (figure 8A–C: bm) large, rather long, occupying most of snout. Radular sac very short and not visible laterally. Radula (figure 2C–G) taenioglossate (cusp counts given in table 2); central teeth (figure 2C, D) quadrangular, rather elongated; cutting edge with five to seven distinct cusps and two to three pairs of distinct basal cusps laterally; triangular basal process long, arising from basal face of tooth, tip sharply pointed. Lateral teeth (figure 2E, F) rectangular, slightly longer than central teeth, with prominent, sharp cusps; central cusp longer than others. Long, wide accessory plates at outer side of lateral teeth. Inner marginal teeth long, about twice as long as central teeth, slender, generally narrower than central and lateral teeth in width, distinctly curved in distal portion, with five to seven large cusps on cutting edge. Outer marginal teeth long, wide, somewhat fan-shaped, expanded in distal region, with 11–18 tiny, uniform cusps on cutting edge; outer edge recurved distally (figure 2E–G). Oesophagus (figure 8A–C: o) opens widely into buccal cavity. Pair of large, glandular, black buccal pouches (bp) at posterior-most corner of dorso-lateral sides of buccal mass. Salivary glands (sg) long, simple, club-like, located at dorso-lateral sides of buccal mass, not passing through nerve ring. Oesophagus simple, with a few strong folds just behind nerve ring; enters stomach on left side at junction of anterior (figure 5A: ast) and posterior (pst) chambers. Stomach with single opening to digestive gland posterior to oesophageal opening. Digestive gland (dg) pale lemonyellow; composed of two parts; anterior portion mass of small cells covering part of anterior and posterior stomach, posterior part row of large, round lobes in upper whorls of visceral coil) (figure 5) (central parts of lobes darker than edges). Style sac (ss) large, finger-shaped, completely covered by ventro-anterior arm of kidney (k). Origin of intestine at right anterior end of anterior chamber of stomach. Intestine tightly looped over anterior tip of style sac before continuing to rectum; rectum (r) forms conspicuous S-shaped coil in middle of pallial roof (figure 4B). Oval faecal pellets queued in single file in intestine and rectum. Anus (figure 5: a) simple, about 0.2 mm posterior to anterior mantle edge (me). Male reproductive system (figures 5B, 6). Testis (figure 5B: t) large, bright lemon-yellow, consisting of about ten bundles of wide lobes. Anterior end about 0.2 mm posterior to anterior end of digestive gland (dg). Coiled seminal vesicle (figure 6C: sv) arises from vas efferens in antero-ventral region of digestive gland. Tube of seminal vesicle narrow, highly convoluted, pale orange in middle region. Posterior vas deferens (pvd) runs from seminal vesicle, forms straight tube that crosses over oesophagus and runs to middle part of prostate gland (pr) just within pallial cavity. Prostate gland elongate, about half within posterior pallial cavity. Anterior vas deferens (avd) arises from middle part of prostate gland (close to inlet of posterior vas deferens), passes straight across pallial roof and enters muscular wall of neck. Within neck vas deferens slightly curved before reaching proximal end of penis (p). Penis (figure 6A, B: p) long, usually showing right-handed coil, highly muscular, attached to head about 0.5 mm behind right eye (e). Distal end forms long, tubular projection (penial papilla: pp) inclined to right; genital opening (mgo) at tip of papilla. Flat, thin, semi-circular appendage (pa) present on right edge behind papilla. Whole outer surface of penis (except papilla) with many fine, distinct wrinkles. Penial vas deferens (pev) with few coils in base, straight within remainder of penis where it is located centrally. Female reproductive system (figures 5A, 7). Ovary (figure 5A: ov) small (about 0.2 mm in length), covering ventro-lateral area of digestive gland (dg), consisting of mass of many large white oocytes. Posterior oviduct (od) convoluted, runs along oesophagus (o) on right lateral edge; widens near style sac (ss); then bends toward posterior end of albumen gland (ag) before reaching end of pallial cavity. Beyond this latter bend, oviduct strongly curved making two to three distinct loops; shape of loops variable (figure 7E–H: cod). Seminal receptacle duct short, thick, arises slightly anterior to end of loops. Seminal receptacle (sr) small (about 0.16 mm in length), elongately-ovate brown sac. Seminal receptacle duct usually runs beside dorsal part of bursa copulatrix duct (bcd) and seminal receptacle lies between bursa copulatrix (bc) and loops of oviduct. Bursa copulatrix large (0.7–1.0 mm in length), bean-shaped, posterior to albumen gland (ag) and readily separated from it in dissection. Bursal duct (bcd) rather short (0.3 mm in length), arises from oviduct where it lies on left hand side of posterior end of albumen gland; opens to anterior portion of bursa. Bursal duct and oviduct united slightly anterior to posterior end of albumen gland. Pallial oviduct long (1.8–2.0 mm in length; figures 7A–D), runs nearly straight forward to opening of pallial cavity; clearly divided (in gross dissection) into two approximately equal parts, albumen gland (ag) posteriorly and capsule gland (cg) anteriorly. Muscular sperm duct completely surrounded by glandular pallial oviduct and fused with lumen of oviduct (=median egg channel) within ventral region of oviduct. Genital opening (fgo) at anterior end of capsule gland. Nervous system (figure 8). Circum-oesophageal nerve ring streptoneurous, epiathroid, with ganglia weakly concentrated. Cerebral ganglia (rcg, lcg) about 0.34 mm in length, 0.14 mm in width, between posterior end of buccal pouch (bp) and a coil of mid-oesophagus (o); cerebral commissure (cc) short (about 0.14 mm in length, 0.06 mm in width). Pleural ganglia (rpl, lpl) separated from each cerebral ganglion by a constriction. Tentacular nerves (tn) thick, without distinct swellings at their bases, reach inner side of body wall just behind eye stalk after crossing optic nerves (opn); each divided into two nerves distally. Optic nerves arise from portion of cerebral ganglion beneath origins of tentacular nerves. Cerebro-pedal (rcpc, lcpc) and pleuro-pedal (rppc, lppc) connectives rather short (0.16 mm in length), about equal in length; asymmetry not observed. Buccal ganglia (rbg, lbg) small, ovate, joined by long commissures passing along oesophagus near posterior end of buccal mass. Right pleural ganglion (rpl) about half size of cerebral ganglion, oval, partially fused with right cerebral ganglion, being separated by distinct constriction. Supraoesophageal ganglion (spg) small (0.2 mm in length, 0.1 mm in width), slender cylindrical; right pleural and supraoesophageal ganglia completely separated by long (0.24 mm in length), distinct pleural-supraoesophageal connective (spc). Left pleural ganglion (lpl) completely fused with suboesophageal ganglion, connectives between these ganglia not visible; combined ganglion slightly smaller than, and abutting, left cerebral ganglion. Pedal ganglia (rpg, lpg) connected posteriorly to cerebral ganglia. Left pedal ganglion (0.26 mm in length, 0.16 mm in width) slightly longer than right pedal ganglion (0.22 mm in length, 0.16 mm in width). Pedal commissure not visible, possibly rudimentary, both pedal ganglia pressed together; left pedal ganglion slightly above right ganglion giving asymmetry to nerve ring. Metapodial (rmg, lmg) and propodial ganglia (rpr, lpr) distinct, globose, connected with pedal ganglia by very short, heavy connectives; heavy nerves arising from these ganglia to foot. Metapodial commissure not observed. Small statocysts (st) in posterior part of pleuro-pedal connectives. Osphradial ganglion (osg) small, elongated, in osphradium (os). Visceral ganglion not examined. Anterior aorta narrow, not expanded around circum-oesophageal nerve ring and anterior oesophagus as in Assiminea s.s. and Angustassiminea (H.F. pers. obs.). Distribution and habitat This species is known from four discrete areas across the western half of northern Australia (Pilbara Region, WA: Millstream and springs in the Great Sandy Desert; mid and eastern coastal Kimberleys, WA (Bonaparte Archipeligo and northern end of the Ningbing Ranges); and Mataranka (Northern Territory) and nearby areas) (figure 9). The snails live around the damp edges of permanent seepages and springs where they can be found crawling on dead vegetation and mud. Remarks The new species does not closely resemble any other Australian assimineid in shell characters other than Austroassiminea letha, which is redescribed in detail below and contrasted with the new taxon. There is no other gastropod living in the area occupied by this species that can be easily confused with it other than perhaps some populations of the hydrobiid Posticobia brazeri (Smith, 1882) that lives in the Roper River and some other rivers to the east of the Roper. This species has a row of pegs on the inside of the operculum and often has the periphery angled or even keeled. Some currently undescribed species of Bithyniidae are also very superficially similar but mostly larger and have a calcareous operculum. Ponder and De Keyzer (1998: 757–758) stated that ‘several small aquatic [undescribed] species are found only in isolated spring habitats in north-western and northern Australia’. However, comparisons of several populations of Aviassiminea from throughout its range failed to reveal any consistent differences in the shell (figure 10), radula (figure 2C–G, table 2) or anatomy (figures 6A, B, 7). Nevertheless subtle differences between the widely separated populations exist because a discriminant function analysis of populations (using the shell measurements summarized in table 1) produced an overall discrimination success rate of 78% (see figure 10 for plots of scores). This discrimination largely results from small differences in overall size, rather than shape (cf. figure 10A showing the plots of scores on the first two axes, the first axis being influenced by size differences, and figure 10B which shows the plots of scores on the second and third axis). Given that we can find no observable, consistent morphological differences and pending genetic studies, we interpret all these populations as belonging to a single, widespread species. The wide distribution seen in this taxon is unusual for small caenogastropod snails associated with freshwater (cf. for example many hydrobiids that are similar in size, e.g. Ponder, 1994). The populations of this species show virtually no differences in shell morphology or anatomy, suggesting that they have not been isolated for long periods of time and/or that dispersal may be successfully introducing new immigrants at a sufficiently high rate to prevent population differentiation. This species is associated with the permanently damp edges of springs and seepages and, because it is amphibious, is presumably able to be dispersed accidentally by wading birds, many of which frequent these habitats. In addition, the widespread wet conditions during the monsoonal wet season may also facilitate dispersal.Published as part of Fukuda, Hiroshi & Ponder, Winston F., 2003, Australian freshwater assimineids, with a synopsis of the Recent genus-group taxa of the Assimineidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Rissooidea), pp. 1977-2032 in Journal of Natural History 37 (16) on pages 1980-1995, DOI: 10.1080/00222930210125380, http://zenodo.org/record/526280
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