551 research outputs found
Predictive validity of the host community acculturation scale: The effects of social dominance orientation and the belief in biological determinism
No full textIn this study, the predictive validity of the Italian version of the host community acculturation scale (HCAS; Barrette, Bourhis, Capozza, & Hichy, 2005) was tested using multiple regression. Participants (university students) completed the HCAS for three target groups (Immigrants, the Chinese, Albanians). Acculturation attitudes were measured in the domains of employment and cultural heritage. Social dominance orientation (SDO; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999), national and political identification were used as predictors for each acculturation orientation. In line with previous research, results showed that SDO was the main predictor of the acculturation orientations. Authors hypothesized that the effect of SDO was mediated by the belief in genetic determinism (BDG; Keller, 2005), namely, the belief that members of social categories share immutable characteristics, fixed in the genes. Results supported the hypothesis, but only in the culture domain and for the rejection orientations
Reducing explicit and implicit prejudice toward disabled colleagues: Effects of contact and membership salience in the workplace
No full textIn the present study, membership salience was tested as a moderator of the effects of contact on emotions and explicit and implicit attitudes toward the disabled. Participants were non-disabled employees of firms and cooperative societies; they worked in contact with colleagues with psychiatric problems. Results indicated that quantity and quality of contact improved outgroup evaluations, both within and outside the contact situation. Consistent with intergroup contact theory (Brown & Hewstone, 2005), the positive effects of contact on anxiety and empathy toward disabled colleagues generalized to the whole category of the disabled when group distinctions were salient within the contact setting. Notably, frequent and cooperative contact also reduced implicit prejudice toward the general disabled category. Theoretical and practical implications of findings are discussed
Ridurre il pregiudizio esplicito e implicito nei confronti di colleghi disabili: effetti del contatto e della salienza delle appartenenze sul luogo di lavoro
No full textIn questo studio, la salienza delle appartenenze è stata testata come moderatore degli effetti del contatto sulle emozioni e gli atteggiamenti, espliciti e impliciti, nei confronti dei disabili. I partecipanti erano lavoratori
normodotati di imprese, enti e società cooperative, che lavoravano con colleghi con problemi psichiatrici. I risultati hanno mostrato che la quantità e la qualità del contatto miglioravano la valutazione dell’outgroup, sia all’interno sia all’esterno della situazione di contatto. In linea con la
teoria del contatto intergruppi, gli effetti positivi del contatto sull’ansia e sull’empatia nei confronti dei colleghi disabili venivano generalizzati alla categoria generale dei disabili solo quando le appartenenze di gruppo erano salienti durante il contatto. Inoltre, il contatto frequente e cooperativo riduceva anche il pregiudizio implicito nei confronti della categoria generale dei disabili. Si discutono le implicazioni teoriche e pratiche dei risultati
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients with Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms and Low Vitamin D Levels
No full text: Background: Statin therapy is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease treatment and prevention. Unfortunately, 7%-29% of statin-treated patients complain of muscular fatigue, cramps, and/or pain (statin-associated muscle symptoms [SAMS]). In recent years, the important role of vitamin D in muscle health maintenance has been highlighted. In addition, hypovitaminosis D is very prevalent, and might be a reversible risk factor for SAMS occurrence. Methods: In our controlled intervention study, patients suffering from both SAMS and hypovitaminosis D underwent vitamin D replacement for 6 months. SAMS intensity and its impact on the quality of life were evaluated with a questionnaire during follow-up. A subgroup of patients who were not at the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target attempted a statin rechallenge after 3 months. Control subjects, with SAMS only, were not treated. Results: Blood vitamin D levels reached 261% of baseline values. Pain intensity was reduced by 63%, and all life quality indicators improved. At follow-up, percentage variations in SAMS intensity and in vitamin D levels were inversely related (r = 0.57, P = 0.002). In a multiple regression analysis, this association was found to be independent. Among the rechallenge subgroup, 75% successfully tolerated high-intensity statins during the follow-up. The parameters of interest were unchanged in control subjects. Conclusions: In our findings, the amount of increase in vitamin D concentrations is directly related to SAMS improvement. Although randomized studies are needed, 25(OH)D levels can be measured, and eventually supplemented, in all patients suffering from SAMS, and this can be done together with a statin rechallenge after 3 months for patients who are not at the LDL-C target. Register: The study protocol was registered with the EudraCT clinical trial register [ID: 2019-003250-83] in date April 8, 2020
Gender diversity in European firms and the R&D-innovation-productivity nexus
No full textIn this paper, we empirically explore whether gender diversity in European firms, measured at different organisational levels, contributes to enhancing their performance in terms of innovation and productivity. Particularly we propose a structural econometric framework that allows us to simultaneously account for gender diversity at the workforce and ownership level throughout different phases of the innovation process, from the decision to engage in R&D to productivity. Our results reveal that gender diversity is strongly related to firms’ performance, besides the traditional factors envisaged by the literature. However, some differences emerge according to the firms’ organisational levels. Indeed, workforce gender diversity seems to be relevant to all phases of the innovation process. By contrast, the positive influence of ownership gender diversity seems more narrowed as limited to the innovation development/implementation phase; moreover, increasing women’s participation beyond a certain threshold is negatively associated with firms’ productivity
Denying full humanity to patients and nurses’ well-being: The moderating role of attachment security
No full textThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship between patient dehumanizing perceptions and nurses’ well-being, by testing the hypothesis that this relationship may be moderated by secure attachment orientation. A cross-sectional study was conducted, surveying Italian nurses through a que-stionnaire. Humanity attributions to patients and nurses were assessed using uniquely human and non-uniquely human traits; well-being was assessed using job burnout and work engagement measures. Re-sults showed patient infrahumanization effects, with nurses perceiving patients as less defined by uniquely human characteristics than nurses. A moderating effect of attachment security was found for work engagement, indicating that nurses defined by low security may be more inclined to resort to patient infrahumanization to improve well-being at work than their high-security colleagues. Practical implications of findings for the nursing profession and healthcare organizations are discussed
The dark triad, humanity attributions, and behavioral inclinations toward outgroups
No full textIn the present study, we explored the relationship between the dark personalities (psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism) and outgroup dehumanization. Four outgroups were considered, occupying a different position in the plane defined by the stereotypes of warmth and competence (see the stereotype content model). Participants (N = 800) completed an online questionnaire. Both subtle and blatant measures of humanity perceptions were used. As predicted, the three personalities were associated with outgroup dehumanization through the mediation of social dominance orientation. Dehumanizing perceptions, in turn, mediated the relationship between the Dark Triad and negative behavioral tendencies toward the outgroups. Practical implications of findings are discussed
Can secure attachment be related to prosocial behaviors through the mediation of humanizing self-perceptions?
No full textIn this study, we explore whether different self-perceptions in terms of human traits are associated with attachment orientations (secure, anxious, and avoidant) and whether these perceptions explain the relationship between attachment orientations and prosocial behaviors. A sample of adult participants was investigated through an online questionnaire. To test the mediation model path analysis was applied. Findings show that secure attachment is related to the perception of being qualified by emotional responsiveness and relational skills (human nature traits). Anxious and avoidant attachment are, in contrast, related to self-denial of these traits. Attachment anxiety is also linked to the perception of not being defined by uniquely human characteristics like rationality and self-control. As predicted, humanity self-attributions mediated the relationship between dispositional attachment and prosocial or antisocial orientations. This mediation effect was observed when controlling for self-esteem. Limits and practical implications of findings are discussed
The dark triad and the Roma: Intergroup emotions and behavioral tendencies
No full textIn this paper, we investigate the role that the dark personalities - psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism - play in shaping the relationship between Italians and the Roma. We predicted that the three traits are associated with avoidance tendencies, through the mediation of core intergroup emotions: higher anxiety and disgust, lower empathy and trust. A survey was performed. Participants - Italian University students and adults - were recruited in different Italian regions. A structural equation model was tested, in which psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism were the independent variables, emotions were the mediators, and approach and avoidance tendencies were the outcomes. Unexpectedly, psychopathy did not show any significant relationship with the mediators and the outcomes, and narcissism was positively related to approach responses. Machiavellianism, being positively related to anxiety and disgust, and negatively related to empathy and trust, was related to the propensity to avoid contact with the Roma. Practical implications of the study are discussed
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