259 research outputs found
VJEKOSLAV BALIN, HRVATSKI DOMOLJUB I MUČENIK
No full textThe author investigates the conditions in which Vjekoslav Balin from Šibenik grew up, his schooling and his escape into exile, time in refugee camps in Italy, inclusion and engagement in political emigration and his study of sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome. Based on the available documentation the author follows Balin’s illegal arrival in Zagreb in 1958, his arrest, inquisition in Belgrade, trial in Šibenik and stay in the prisons on Goli Otok (1959-1965), relocation to the correctional facility in Stara Gradiška at the beginning of 1965 and his murder on 25th September 1965 in the local section of isolation and solitary confinement. The author
investigated everything presented on the basis of available documentation and the testimonies of Vjekoslav Balin's fellow prisoners and sufferers.Autor istražuje prilike u kojima je stasao Vjekoslav Balin iz Šibenika, njegovo školovanje i njegov bijeg u emigraciju, boravak u izbjegličkim logorima u Italiji, uključivanje i angažiranost u političkoj emigraciji te njegov studij kiparstva na Akademiji lijepe umjetnosti u Rimu. Posebno, na osnovi dostupne dokumentacije, prati se Balinov
ilegalni dolazak u Zagreb 1958., njegovo uhićenje, istragu u Beogradu, suđenje u Šibeniku i boravak u kaznionicama na Golom otoku (1959. – 1965.), premještanje u početku 1965. u Kazneno-popravni dom Stara Gradiška te njegovo umorstvo 25. rujna 1965. u tamošnjem Odjelu izolacije i samica. Sve prikazano autor je istražio na osnovi dostupne dokumentacije i svjedočenja zatvorenika supatnika Vjekoslava Balina
Style in Malory's book of Balin
No full textThe purpose of this study is to reveal the beginning of Malory's selfconscious artistry as it is exhibited in his book of Balin. I attempt to reveal this through an examination of his prose style, primarily by viewing the changes lie makes in his French source. In the first chapter I define style as not only syntax and the arrangement of words out also narrative structural devices. The second chapter deals with these narrative structural devices. In the third, fourth and fifth chapters I examine the stylistic techniques Malory uses in his narration, description and dialogue. The final chapter looks at "Balin" and its relationship to "The Tale of King Arthur" and the entire Le Morte Darthur
Individual consciousness model
No full textБалин Виктор Дмитриевич. Доктор психологических наук, профессор ка-
федры медицинской психологии и психофизиологии, Санкт-Петербургский го-
сударственный университет. E-mail: [email protected]
Viktor D. Balin. Doctor of psychology, professor of medical psychology and
psychophysiology department, St. Petersburg State University. E-mail: balin@
psy.pu.ruПредставлена точка зрения о том, что сознание можно рассматривать как
научную категорию и как психическое явление. В каждом случае анализ выделенного смысла осуществляется по своим законам. Рассмотрено сознание как психическое явление в форме индивидуального и общественного сознания.
Индивидуальное сознание представлено совокупностью семи сфер: бессознательное, подсознательное, надсознание, самость, миросознание, самосознание, сверхсознание. Предлагается модель миросоздания как сферы индивидуального сознания, деятельность которой направлена на индивидуализацию окружающей среды – физического пространства, которое преобразуется в психологическое, калиброванное, в соответствии с персональной системой ценностей, и предназначенное для достижения индивидуальных целей. Дается расширенная трактовка психологических защит. Предложена модель индивидуального сознания на основе набора описанных ранее его свойств и выделенной автором системы соотнесенных понятий и условий. Приведена интерпретация используемых в этой модели терминов. Описаны три этапа построения картины мира (работы мироздания). According to author’s point of view, consciousness is a generalpsychological and philosophical category,
on the one hand, and it is a phychological phenomenon on the other hand. In either case, analysis has its own way of research. The paper is devoted to, mainly, investigation of consciousness as a psychological phenomenon.
Main attention of the paper is directed to world-consciousness (world,s stabil conception) model. World-consciousness activity’s fundamental purpose consist in individualization of environment (physical space) with aim to transformation him to psychological space, calibrating space. It necessary for agreement with personal system of values and intended for to attain individual purposes. Is happening
expansion interpretation of psychological protections
Human Virtual Memory CD8+ T cells: the role of cytokines on cell development and functionality
No full textVirtual memory T cells (TVM) are a subset of TCRαβ+CD8+ T cells recently identified in mice that, despite lacking prior antigen exposure, express typical markers of conventional memory T cells and play a protective role during the early phase of inflammatory/infectious processes. They are characterized by a high expression of the transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes). TVM cells have been recently described also in human peripheral blood. Similar to their murine counterparts, human TVM express high levels of Eomes. Unlinke murine TVM, they are divided into two subsets characterized by mutually exclusive expression of NKG2A and KIR.
While murine TVM development has been extensively studied, little is known about the differentiation of these cells in humans. Evidence suggests that, in mice, IL-4, IL-15, and type I interferons (IFN-I) may play a role in this process. To investigate the impact of these cytokines on human thymic and peripheral TVM development, we cultured human pediatric thymocytes and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro with or without these cytokines and analyzed their phenotype using a 27-color spectral flow-cytometry panel.
TCRαβ+CD8+Eomes+ cells developed among thymocytes only in the presence of IL-4 or IL-4+IL-15 after 9 days of in vitro stimulation. Interestingly, these cells were characterized by a naïve phenotype (CD45RA+CD27+CCR7+), lacking the expression of both NKG2A and KIRs. On the other hand, IL-4+IL-15 in vitro-stimulated PBMCs resulted in the expansion of two subsets of TCRαβ+CD8+Eomes+ cells characterized by the expression of either KIRs or NKG2A with a TEMRA (CD45RA+CCR7-) and TEM (CD45RA-CCR7-) phenotype respectively. Notably, we observed that the stimulation with IL-15+IFN-I is necessary by PBMCs to acquire a cytotoxic-potential, evidenced by a high expression of Granzyme B and Perforin.
Overall, our findings indicate that human TVM differentiation is dependent on IL-4+IL-15, while cytotoxic-potential of these cells are sustained by IL-15+IFN-I stimulation
Investigating human KIR+CD8+ and NKG2A+CD8+ T cells biology in peripheral blood and in pediatric thymuses
No full textVirtual memory T cells(TVMs) are a recently described population of TCRαβ+CD8+T cells described in mice that, despite their antigen inexperience, express markers of conventional memory cells1. Recently, two populations of circulating TVMs expressing KIRs or NKG2A have been described also in humans and, as their murine counterpart, human TVMs are characterized by a high expression of the transcription-factor Eomes2.
Contrary to mice, little is known about human TVM thymic development. Few studies suggest a possible role of IL4, IL15 and type-I-interferons(IFNs-I) in TVM development in humans3-4.
To investigate the role of IL4, IL15 and IFNs-I and their combination during thymic development of human TVMs but also in the peripheral counterpart, we stimulated human pediatric thymocytes and adult peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells (PBMCs) in-vitro, in the presence or absence of these cytokines, and we analyzed the cellular phenotype by flow-cytometry.
After 9 days of thymocyte culture, we observed the development of a population of TCRαβ+CD8+Eomes+cells only in cells cultured with IL4 and IL4+IL15. Unlike their circulating counterpart, these cells were characterized by a naïve phenotype, lacking the expression of NKG2A/KIRs that may possibly be acquired later during their development. Performing similar experiments on PBMCs, we observed that, as in mice, IL4+IL15 stimulation induced the expansion of TCRαβ+CD8+Eomes+cells either expressing KIRs or NKG2A. Moreover, PBMCs stimulated with IL15+IFNs-I showed increased cytotoxic-potential characterized by an increased production of GranzymeB and Perforin.
Altogether, our results demonstrate that, similar to mice, human TVM development is dependent on IL4+IL15 but, TVMs functional properties are sustained by IL15+IFN stimulation
Identification and Biological Evaluation of a Water-Soluble Fullerene Nanomaterial as BTK Kinase Inhibitor
No full textIntroduction: Thanks to recent advances in synthetic methodology, water-soluble fullerene nanomaterials that interfere with biomolecules, especially DNA/RNA and selected proteins, have been found with tremendous potential for applications in nanomedicine. Herein, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a water-soluble glycine-derived [60]fullerene hexakisadduct (HDGF) with Th symmetry, which is a first-in-class BTK protein inhibitor. Methods: We synthesized and characterized glycine derived [60]fullerene using NMR, ESI-MS, and ATR-FT-IR. DLS and zeta potential were measured and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations were performed. The chemical composition of the water-soluble fullerene nanomaterial was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. To observe aggregate formation, the cryo-TEM analysis was carried out. The docking studies and molecular dynamic simulations were performed to determine interactions between HDGF and BTK. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated on RAJI and K562 blood cancer cell lines. Subsequently, we examined the induction of cell death by autophagy and apoptosis by determining the expression levels of crucial genes and caspases. We investigated the direct association of HDGF on inhibition of the BTK signalling pathway by examining changes in the calcium levels in RAJI cells after treatment. The inhibitory potential of HDGF against non-receptor tyrosine kinases was evaluated. Finally, we assessed the effects of HDGF and ibrutinib on the expression of the BTK protein and downstream signal transduction in RAJI cells following anti-IgM stimulation. Results: Computational studies revealed that the inhibitory activity of the obtained [60]fullerene derivative is multifaceted: it hampers the BTK active site, interacting directly with the catalytic residues, rendering it inaccessible to phosphorylation, and binds to residues that form the ATP binding pocket. The anticancer activity of produced carbon nanomaterial revealed that it inhibited the BTK protein and its downstream pathways, including PLC and Akt proteins, at the cellular level. The mechanistic studies suggested the formation of autophagosomes (increased gene expression of LC3 and p62) and two caspases (caspase-3 and −9) were responsible for the activation and progression of apoptosis. Conclusion: These data illustrate the potential of fullerene-based BTK protein inhibitors as nanotherapeutics for blood cancer and provide helpful information to support the future development of fullerene nanomaterials as a novel class of enzyme inhibitors
Etude de méthodes de couplage pour la résolution des équations de Maxwell (application au calcul de la signature radar d aéronefs par hybridation de méthodes exactes et asymptotiques)
No full textCette thèse est dédiée à la simulation numérique de la diffraction d'une onde électromagnétique par un aéronef aérobie modélisé par une structure de grande taille contenant une cavité profonde et étroite. En raison de la taille et de la complexité de cet objet, les méthodes usuelles (exactes et asymptotiques) ne peuvent s'appliquer de façon satisfaisante. Ce travail présente une nouvelle méthode hybride exacte/asymptotique pour résoudre efficacement ce problème de diffraction. Les méthodes ont tout d'abord été validées dans le cas bi-dimensionnel puis étendues au cas tri-dimensionnel. Tout d abord, nous avons développé pour la cavité un procédé de factorisation frontale par sous-structuration reposant sur une formulation par équations intégrales. Cette méthode ramène le problème initial à un système d équations posées sur les frontières de l objet situées à l extérieur de la cavité. Ensuite, afin de réduire la taille du problème obtenu, nous utilisons une méthode de Schwarz associée à une méthode de décomposition de frontière avec recouvrement et adaptée pour une résolution par équations intégrales. Enfin, pour résoudre le problème local posé sur une des frontières définies précédemment, nous introduisons une méthode asymptotique, calculant le rayonnement des courants équivalents par un procédé de type Generalized Ray Expansion. L utilisation de l algorithme précédent assure un fort couplage entre les différents domaines. Nous avons établi mathématiquement la stabilité et la solvabilité de la méthode de factorisation et numériquement l efficacité des différentes étapes et de l ensemble du procédé d hybridation qui a été testé sur des cas-test académiques et industriels.This thesis is concerned with the numerical simulation of the scattering of an electromagnetic wave by air-breathing aircraft, represented by a deep and narrow cavity within a large perfectly conducting structure. Due to the size and the complexity of this object, the classical methods (full-wave and asymptotic) cannot be successfully applied. The aim of this study is to develop a new hybrid method to solve this kind of problem. The methods have first been developed and validated in the 2D case and then extended to the 3D case.At first, for the treatment of the cavity, a new substructuring domain decomposition method based on a boundary element formulation and a frontal forward substitution was developed. After this step, the remaining equations are set on the aperture of the cavity and the rest of the boundary of the structure. Next, to reduce the size of the resulting external problem, we use a Schwarz method associated with an overlapping boundary decomposition well-suited for the boundary integral equations. Finally, for the part of the boundary that does not cover the aperture of the cavity, we introduce an asymptotic method, based on the radiation of equivalent currents by a Generalized Ray Expansion process. The use of the previous algorithm ensures a strong coupling between the subdomains.We have mathematically established the stability and solvability of the cavity factorization method. We have also numerically demonstrated the efficiency of these three elementary steps and of the whole hybridization process.TOULOUSE-INSA (315552106) / SudocSudocFranceF
Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe 1917
No full text<i>Edmontosaurus regalis (UAMES 52615)</i> <p>Both cross-sectioned tendons show a highly porous structure built of fibrous primary matrix (Fig. 1A–C). The general structure of the sectioned tendons is homogenous. The matrix is composed of coarse collagenous fibre bundles containing numerous bone cell lacunae (Fig. 1A, C). The vascular canals forming the porous structure of the tendons are young Haversian canals (Fig. 1A–C). The cross-sectioned larger tendon shows few scattered secondary osteons in the centre of the tendon surrounded by collagen-fibre bundles (Fig. 1D). The tendon of a slightly smaller cross-section (3.5 mm diameter; Fig. 1A, B) is more porous than the larger one (6 mm; Fig. 1C, D). The different structure between the sampled tendons may result from a different location in the body.</p>Published as part of <i>Surmik, Dawid, Słowiak-Morkovina, Justyna, Szczygielski, Tomasz, Wojtyniak, Marcin, Środek, Dorota, Dulski, Mateusz, Balin, Katarzyna, Krzykawski, Tomasz & Pawlicki, Roman, 2023, The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization, pp. 747-766 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198 (3)</i> on page 751, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad001, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8141891">http://zenodo.org/record/8141891</a>
Transcriptomic propensity of TNFhigh MAIT cells to provide B cell help following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
No full textRecent findings indicated an association between MAIT cells and the immune response to the BNT162b2 vaccine, where MAIT cell frequency was associated with an increased adaptive immune response.
Herein, to investigate the effect of repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations on MAIT cells, we performed a longitudinal 5’ scRNA-seq coupled with scTCR-seq analysis on the peripheral blood samples of six healthy adults naïve for the SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunized with the two doses of the mRNA-based vaccine BNT162b2. Taking advantages of computational approaches, including functional pathway enrichment analyses and the gene expression–effector cell-polarization’s fate probabilities correlation (RNA Velocity and CellRank), we identified MAIT cells as the major source of TNF-α across circulating lymphocytes, and this TNFhigh signature increased upon the second administration of the vaccine. Notably, the increased TNF-α expression correlated with SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody titers. Therefore, by modeling the intercellular communication with the NicheNet algorithm, we observed that the TNF-α-profile predicts the transcriptional changes of conventional switched memory B cells, deputed to high-affinity long-term memory.
Overall, our results indicate that MAIT cells promote B cell functionality in response to the vaccine, favoring effective and long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting the use of MAIT cells as cellular adjuvants in mRNA-based vaccines
Figure 3 in The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization
No full textFigure 3. Light microscopy and SEM of petrographic thin sections and etched surfaces of fossilized ornithischian tendons of Pinacosaurus grangeri: A, cross-section of a larger tendon from the specimen with three associated tendons; B, C, centre of the large, single tendon showing extensive secondary remodelling under normal (B) and polarized (C) light; D, secondary remodelling close to the periphery of the same tendon under transmitted polarized light alpha-compensation mode; E, interfascicular spaces between secondary osteons surrounded by cement lines; F, higher magnification of interfascicular spaces. Note that the fascicles and interfascicular spaces appear to be present in primary tissue only. Green arrows (A–E) mark secondary osteons, orange arrows (E, F) point to cement lines, red arrows (B, C, E, F) indicate interfascicular spaces, and yellow (A, B) point at bone cell lacunae.Published as part of Surmik, Dawid, Słowiak-Morkovina, Justyna, Szczygielski, Tomasz, Wojtyniak, Marcin, Środek, Dorota, Dulski, Mateusz, Balin, Katarzyna, Krzykawski, Tomasz & Pawlicki, Roman, 2023, The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization, pp. 747-766 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198 (3) on page 753, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad001, http://zenodo.org/record/814189
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