2,527 research outputs found
MANOVA modelling of a chiropractic longitudinal study using multiple imputation
No full textThe purpose of this report is to present the detailed statistical analysis of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial comparing two different treatment modalities to an intervention of no known benefit for people with acute or subacute thoracic spine pain.
The therapy arms consist of Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT) and Graston Technique (GT) and the placebo is a non-functional ultrasound. A placebo group was utilised because at present there are no proven treatments for non-specific thoracic pain. This trial is registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Ethics approval has been granted by Murdoch University Human Research and Ethics Committee, number 2007/274.
The aim of this three arm trial was to test the efficacy of SMT and GT as independent modalities compared to detuned ultrasound for the outcomes of pain and disability. The latter were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and a modified Oswestry Back Pain Disability Index. The study was conducted at the Murdoch University Chiropractic student clinic in Perth, Australia, and the protocol published in Crothers et al (2008).
In this report, Section 2 provides an initial exploratory analysis of the data, Section 3 outlines the statistical models used in the final analysis, Section 4 defines these models in mathematical terms, Section 5 discusses the management of missing values via multiple imputation and Section 6 presents the results of the statistical modelling and hypothesis tests. The clinical study will be published in full elsewhere
On the cyclicality of R&D: disaggregated evidence
No full textThis paper explores the link between short-run cycles and long-run growth by> examining the cyclical properties of R&D at the disaggregated industry level.> The relationship between R&D and output is estimated using an annual panel of> 20 U.S. manufacturing industries from 1958 to 1998. The results indicate that> R&D is in fact procyclical; but interestingly, estimates using demand-shift> instruments suggest that it responds asymmetrically to demand shocks. We> discuss the possibilities that liquidity constraints and technology> improvement cause the observed procyclicality of R&D.Business cycles ; Research and development
The Cultural Project of Krastyo Peykich (1666-1730): A 'Spiritual Weapon' for the Catholic Undertaking in Eighteenth-Century East Central Europe
No full textKrastyo Peykich (1666-1730) was an early modern author, Bulgarian by birth, Roman and Venetian by education, active as a Catholic missionary in central and east-central Europe in the decades around the very end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth centuries, whose polemical works dealt with controversialist theology and political and juridical issues. This study discloses his cultural project and the historical relevance of the latter, by means of a reading of his works and an analysis of a number of published and unpublished sources.
Peykich was born into a Catholic family in the small town of Chiprovtsi, in north-west present-day Bulgaria, at the time well within the borders of the Ottoman Empire. After the failure of the Chiprovtsi uprising against the Ottoman rule in 1688, Peykich fled to Italy. After a sojourn in Venice, in 1689 he became a student at the Collegio Urbano of the Holy Congregation de Propaganda Fide in Rome. He remained there until 1698, when he left the College – without however obtaining a degree – in order to become a missionary in Transylvania and Wallachia. From 1704 to 1709 he was prefect of the Pia Casa dei Catecumeni in Venice. In the following years, he worked once again as a missionary, parish priest and canon in Hungary, Transylvania, Wallachia and Croatia. He died most probably in 1730 in Vienna.
Peykich was the author of four books. For the purposes of the present study, we can divide them in two groups. The first group concerns the question of the schism between Eastern and Western Churches and consists of three publications: "Zarcalo istine", "Speculum veritatis" and "Concordia orthodoxorum Patrum orientalium et occidentalium". "Zarcalo istine" (Venice 1716) was Peykich’s first publication and was written in a variant of Southern Slavic (“Illyrian”) language. "Speculum veritatis" (Venice 1725) was an enlarged version of the Zarcalo in Latin. "Concordia" (Trnava 1730) was a closer examination of an aspect of the question. All three are designed according to the literary genre of controversistic theology, yet seem animated by a concordistic spirit, aiming to promote the reunification of the Eastern and Western Churches. The second “group” of works actually consists in only one publication: the "Mahometanus in lege Christi, Alcorano suffragante, instructus" (Trnava 1717), a “catechism” for Catholic missionaries carrying out their activity among Muslims.
A first objective of the present study consists in offering a new, significantly enriched biography of our author. As a result of our research, we are now able to trace Peykich’s life in much greater detail than before, especially as far as his missionary activity and editorial projects are concerned. We uncover, to give an example, Krastyo Peykich’s exact date of birth: 14th September, 1666.
However, our main objective is to disclose Peykich’s cultural project. For this purpose, we have described the cultural and political context of his activity, placing it within the wider perspective of the Hapsburg’s policy: a policy aimed at the religious integration of their subjects and the consolidation of Catholicism as the “state religion” in their Empire. Within this context, Peykich’s books had to serve the cause of the union of the “schismatic” Orthodox Church with the Catholic Church and of converting Lutheran and Calvinist “heretics” and Muslim “infidels” to Catholicism.
Through this direct purpose, our author aimed at a final, supreme end. It consisted in the “liberation” of all Christian peoples – Peykich’s Bulgarian compatriots among them – from the Ottoman domination. According to Peykich’s view, the European Powers were to join forces under the leadership of the Catholic emperor in order to form a Christian front united against the Ottoman Empire. The project of our author as a missionary and a man of letters was to contribute to the fulfillment of that end by providing the "militia christiana" with the “spiritual weapon” of his polemical works.
This “spiritual weapon” was actually two-edged. It had a conceptual – religious and political – aspect, on one side, and a linguistic one, on the other. In the present study, we have tried to disclose both of them. Peykich’s polemical book against the Muslims and his works on the schism and the union of the Church are analysed – with regard to their context, sources, intentions and content – in two distinct chapters. A futher chapter is dedicated to his linguistic endeavour.
Our study of the "Mahometanus" improves the previous current knowledge of its sources and shows that it was designed with a view to a possible audience of Muslims: if not to be read directly by them, at least to be applied on the occasion of their proselytization and in the process of their catechization. This is a significant difference with respect to the standard medieval and early modern Christian anti-Muslim polemical treatises addressed to a Christian audience.
Our analysis of Peykich’s works on the schism and the union of the Church illustrates his cultural project for the conversion of all Orthodox Slavic peoples in the Balkans to Catholicism and his political ideal of an allembracing Christian alliance to triumph over the Ottoman Empire. Among the results of our researches we can mention the discovery of an autograph of Peykich’s "Speculum veritatis". Still in the context of the project for the conversion of all Orthodox Slavic peoples in the Balkans to Catholicism, was Peykich’s attempt to reach a broader audience among diverse, and not necessarily highly or “classically” educated, social strata by writing a work in a variant of a Southern Slavic idiom. In his eyes, this language had to be an instrument for religious unification, which in turn was interpreted as the necessary basis for the political unification of Southern Slavs with other Catholic nations under the Catholic Emperor.
"Zarcalo istine" was the first book on Orthodox-Catholic theological controversy ever written in a Southern Slavic language. A standardised technical apparatus for translating the Latin terms was lacking; there were no models to follow when writing on theoretical or abstract matters. Although Peykich was not able to elaborate “Illyrian” counterparts for the whole range of technical terms applied in trinitarian theology, his attempt to create a theological and philosophical “Illiric” terminology is still memorable. Our contribution to the study of this topic is principally a table of the equivalences of theological, philosophical and ecclesiological lexemes and syntagmata in "Zarcalo" and in "Speculum", wich we offer in chapter four of the present dissertation.
With regard to his books, Peykich never tired of insisting that they were the fruit of his practical experience and were in point of fact meant to be used in practice. In accordance with his own statements, our analysis gives an account of Peykich’s polemical works as a manifestation and a revealing example both of post-Tridentine Catholic expansion in eastern Europe and of the Hapsburg’s policy towards religious minorities in the borderlands of the Empire.Krastyo Peykich (1666-1730) fu uno scrittore vissuto in età moderna. Bulgaro di nascita, di formazione romana e veneziana, attivo come missionario cattolico in Europa centrale e centro-orientale negli ultimi anni del secolo XVII e nei primi decenni del secolo XVIII, fu autore di opere di teologia controversistica ricche di elementi politici e giuridici. Il presente studio disvela ed esamina il suo progetto culturale e la rilevanza storica di quest’ultimo, attraverso un’analisi delle opere del nostro autore e di fonti edite e inedite che lo concernono.
Peykich nacque in una famiglia cattolica a Chiprovtsi, nell’attuale Bulgaria nord-occidentale, all’epoca ben all’interno dell’Impero Ottomano. A seguito del fallimento dell’insurrezione del 1688 dei cattolici di Chiprovtsi contro il dominio turco, Peykich fuggì in Italia. Dopo un soggiorno di alcuni mesi a Venezia, nel 1689 divenne studente nel Collegio “Urbano” della Congregazione de Propaganda Fide, in Roma. Qui rimase fino al 1698, quando lasciò il Collegio – senza però conseguire la laurea in teologia – al fine di recarsi come missionario in Transilvania e in Valacchia. Dal 1704 al 1709 fu priore della Pia Casa dei Catecumeni a Venezia. Nei venti anni che seguirono fu di nuovo missionario, parroco e canonico in Ungheria, Transilvania, Valacchia e Croazia. Alcuni dati documentali inducono a ritenere che sia morto a Vienna nel 1730.
Peykich fu autore di quattro opere. Ai fini del presente studio, esse possono essere ripartite in due classi. La prima classe concerne la questione dello scisma tra la Chiesa Orientale e quella Occidentale. Essa è composta da tre testi: lo "Zarcalo istine", lo "Speculum veritatis" e la "Concordia orthodoxorum Patrum orientalium et occidentalium". Lo "Zarcalo istine" (Venezia 1716) fu la meridionale che potremmo definire “illirica”. Lo Speculum veritatis (Venezia 1725) è una versione ampliata e in lingua latina dello Zarcalo. La "Concordia" (Trnava 1730) approfondisce un aspetto della questione. Le tre opere rientrano nel genere letterario della teologia controversistica, tuttavia sono animate da uno spirito concordistico, finalizzato ad agevolare il ricongiungimento della Chiesa Orientale con quella Occidentale. La seconda classe di opere è costituita, in realtà, da una sola pubblicazione: il "Mahometanus in lege Christi, Alcorano suffragante, instructus" (Trnava 1717); una sorta di catechismo per i missionari cattolici che avessero svolto la propria attività tra i musulmani.
Un primo obiettivo del presente studio consiste nell’offrire una biografia del nostro autore più accurata e documentata di quelle fino a ora disponibili. Come risultato della nostra ricerca, siamo ora in grado di ricostruire la vita e le attività di Peykich con un buon grado di precisione, soprattutto per quanto concerne la sua attività missionaria e i suoi progetti editoriali. Tra i dati che abbiamo potuto appurare vi è anche la data di nascita di Peykich: il 14 settembre 1666.
Tuttavia, il nostro obiettivo principale consiste nell’esaminare il progetto culturale di Peykich. A questo scopo, abbiamo definito il quadro culturale e politico entro il quale si svolse l’attività del nostro autore, collocandola e interpretandola nel contesto di alcuni aspetti della politica degli Asburgo a cavallo tra XVII e XVIII secolo: una politica mirante all’uniformità religiosa dei sudditi e al consolidamento del cattolicesimo come religione dello stato. In questa prospettiva, i libri di Peykich avevano l’intento di favorire l’unione della Chiesa “scismatica” Ortodossa con la Chiesa Cattolica e di convertire al cattolicesimo gli “eretici”, ossia i luterani e i calvinisti, e gli “infedeli”, ossia i musulmani. Per il tramite di questo obiettivo immediato, il nostro autore mirava a uno scopo ulteriore e ultimo: la “liberazione” di tutti i popoli cristiani sottoposti al dominio Ottomano. Secondo questo progetto, le grandi potenze europee avrebbero dovuto allearsi sotto la guida dell’imperatore cattolico, ossia degli Asburgo, per creare un fronte cristiano unito contro l’Impero Ottomano. Il fine esplicito dell’attività letteraria del nostro autore fu precisamente il contribuire alla realizzazione di questo progetto fornendo alla militia christiana l’"arma spirituale" delle proprie opere polemiche.
Specificamente, si trattava di un’arma “a doppia lama”. Essa aveva sia un aspetto concettuale – religioso e politico –, sia un aspetto linguistico. Nel presente studio abbiamo inteso descrivere le caratteristiche di entrambi questi aspetti. Il testo polemico di Peykich contro l’Islam e le sue opere dedicate al tema dello scisma e dell’unione delle Chiese vengono analizzati – quanto al loro contesto, fonti, contenuti e intenzioni – nel secondo e nel terzo capitolo del presente saggio. Un ulteriore e ultimo capitolo è riservato all’aspetto “linguistico” del progetto del nostro autore.
Lo studio sul "Mahometanus" migliora le conoscenze fino a oggi disponibili circa le fonti dell’opera e dimostra che essa fu progettata in vista di un possibile pubblico di musulmani; se non per esser letta direttamente da essi, almeno per essere utilizzata ai fini di un’opera di proselitismo tra essi e della loro catechizzazione. È questa una differenza significativa rispetto ai trattati medievali e della prima età moderna contro l’Islam, i quali erano diretti principalmente a un pubblico già cristiano.
Lo studio delle opere di Peykich dedicate allo scisma e all’unione della Chiesa porta alla luce, come già abbiamo accennato, il progetto culturale del nostro autore, volto al ricongiungimento degli ortodossi con la Chiesa cattolica, e la sua aspirazione alla costituzione di un’alleanza cristiana finalizzata al trionfo sull’impero Ottomano. Tra i risultati delle nostre ricerche possiamo menzionare la scoperta di un autografo dello "Speculum veritatis" di Peykich.
Nel contesto del progetto della conversione dei slavi meridionali al cattolicesimo si colloca anche il tentativo di Peykich di raggiungere anche un pubblico di lettori o uditori non colti, o almeno non istruiti nella lingua latina: la stesura di un’opera scritta in una forma di slavo meridionale. Agli occhi del nostro autore, questa lingua avrebbe dovuto costituire uno strumento per l’unificazione religiosa, a sua volta da lui interpretata come la base necessaria per l’unificazione politica, sotto il dominio dell’imperatore cattolico, dei popoli slavi meridionali.
Il frutto di questo tentativo è precisamente lo "Zarcalo istine". Si tratta del primo libro dedicato alle controversie teologiche tra cattolici e ortodossi scritto in una lingua slavo-meridionale. Al tempo in cui Peykich elaborò il testo non era disponibile alcun precedente modello per la traduzione del lessico filosofico e teologico latino in termini slavi. Sebbene il nostro autore non sia stato in grado di elaborare omologhi “illirici” per l’intera gamma della terminolgia latina relativa alla teologia trinitaria, il suo tentativo di creare un lessico teologico e filosofico in “illirico” resta tuttavia storicamente memorabile. Il nostro principale contributo allo studio di questo tema risiede nella tabella di equivalenze di lessemi e sintagmi teologici, filosofici ed ecclesiologici utilizzati nello "Zarcalo" e nello "Speculum"; tabella che mettiamo a disposizione del lettore nel quarto capitolo del presente saggio.
Peykich non cessò in alcun momento di presentare le proprie opere come frutto della propria esperienza e di sottolineare che esse erano effettivamente destinate ad essere utilizzati nella pratica controversistica e catechetica. Seguendo le esplicite dichiarazioni del nostro autore, l’analisi qui condotta fornisce un’interpretazione delle sue opere polemiche nei termini di una manifestazione e di un’efficace esemplificazione sia dell’espansionismo cattolico post-tridentino in Europa orientale, sia della politica degli Asburgo nei confronti delle minoranze religiose nelle terre di confine del loro impero
Nonparametric MANOVA Approaches for Non-Normal Multivariate Outcomes
No full textComparisons between groups play a central role in clinical research. As these comparisons often entail many potentially correlated response variables, the classical multivariate general linear model has been accepted as a standard tool. However, parametric methods require distributional assumptions such as multivariate normality while non-normal data often exist in clinical research. For example, a clinical trial investigating a treatment for depression is designed as a longitudinal study and the main outcome is survey scores of subjects on several time points, while the scores are ordinal. Although non-parametric multivariate methods are available in the statistical literature, they are not seen to be commonly used in clinical research. Moreover, automatic deletion of cases with missing values in response variables is a shortcoming of standard software when performing multivariate tests. This dissertation addresses the issues of violation of multivariate normality assumption and missing data, focusing on the non-parametric multivariate Kruskal-Wallis (MKW) test, likelihood-based and permutation-based methods.
First, an R-based program is written to compute the p-value of MKW test for group comparison. Simulation studies show that the permutation-based MKW test provides better coverage and higher power level than likelihood-based MKW test and classical MANOVA. Second, an extension of MKW test is proposed for multivariate data with missingness. The proposed method retrieves information in partially observed cases and is permutation-based. A sensitivity analysis compares the performance of the proposed extension and the standard test utilizing only complete cases. Results show that the proposed extended method provides higher power level, encompassing a broad spectrum of multivariate effect sizes. An illustrative example using data from a psychiatric clinical trial is provided. The R program is ready to use for applied statistician.
The public health relevance of this work lies in the development of a new powerful methodology with user-friendly computer software for group comparisons in non-normal multivariate data with or without missingness
Pairwise comparisons for MANOVA of first three eigenshapes using D. Hanley's phylogenetic implementation of Tukey's HSD.
No full text<p>Pairwise comparisons for MANOVA of first three eigenshapes using D. Hanley's phylogenetic implementation of Tukey's HSD.</p
MANOVA vs nonlinear mixed effects modeling: The comparison of growth patterns of female and male quail
No full text2nd International Conference on Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences (ICANAS) -- APR 18-21, 2017 -- Antalya, TURKEYThe most commonly used methods for analyzing time-dependent data are multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and nonlinear regression models. The aim of this study was to compare some MANOVA techniques and nonlinear mixed modeling approach for investigation of growth differentiation in female and male Japanese quail. Weekly individual body weight data of 352 male and 335 female quail from hatch to 8 weeks of age were used to perform analyses. It is possible to say that when all the analyses are evaluated, the nonlinear mixed modeling is superior to the other techniques because it also reveals the individual variation. In addition, the profile analysis also provides important information.Agri Ibrahim Cecen Univ, IC FdnNamik Kemal University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitNamik Kemal University [NKUBAP.03.GA.16.033]This study was funded with the number NKUBAP.03.GA.16.033 by Namik Kemal University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit
MANOVA Testing the Effects of Various Sources of Variation on the Eight Logcontrast Transformed CHCs Measured on Virgin Flies from 12 Experimental Populations of <i>D. serrata</i>
No full textMANOVA Testing the Effects of Various Sources of Variation on the Eight Logcontrast Transformed CHCs Measured on Virgin Flies from 12 Experimental Populations of D. serrata</p
A Monotonicity Property of the Power Functions of some Invariant Tests for Manova
No full text1 online resource (PDF, 12 pages)Eaton, Morris L.; Perlman, Michael D.. (1972). A Monotonicity Property of the Power Functions of some Invariant Tests for Manova. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/199185
Nonparametric MANOVA in meaningful effects
No full textMultivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a powerful and versatile method to infer and quantify main and interaction effects in metric multivariate multi-factor data. It is, however, neither robust against change in units nor meaningful for ordinal data. Thus, we propose a novel nonparametric MANOVA. Contrary to existing rank-based procedures, we infer hypotheses formulated in terms of meaningful Mann–Whitney-type effects in lieu of distribution functions. The tests are based on a quadratic form in multivariate rank effect estimators, and critical values are obtained by bootstrap techniques. The newly developed procedures provide asymptotically exact and consistent inference for general models such as the nonparametric Behrens–Fisher problem and multivariate one-, two-, and higher-way crossed layouts. Computer simulations in small samples confirm the reliability of the developed method for ordinal and metric data with covariance heterogeneity. Finally, an analysis of a real data example illustrates the applicability and correct interpretation of the results
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