432 research outputs found
Identification and Control of Game-Based Epidemic Models
No full textThe effectiveness of control measures against the diffusion of the COVID-19 pandemic is grounded on the assumption that people are prepared and disposed to cooperate. From a strategic decision point of view, cooperation is the unreachable strategy of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game, where the temptation to exploit the others and the fear of being betrayed by them drives the people’s behavior, which eventually results in a fully defective outcome. In this work, we integrate a standard epidemic model with the replicator equation of evolutionary games in order to study the interplay between the infection spreading and the propensity of people to be cooperative under the pressure of the epidemic. The developed model shows high performance in fitting real measurements of infected, recovered and dead people during the whole period of COVID-19 epidemic spread, from March 2020 to September 2021 in Italy. The estimated parameters related to cooperation result to be significantly correlated with vaccination and screening data, thus validating the model. The stability analysis of the multiple steady states present in the proposed model highlights the possibility to tune fundamental control parameters to dramatically reduce the number of potential dead people with respect to the non-controlled case
Evolutionary game theoretic insights on the SIRS model of the CoviD-19 pandemic
No full textThe effectiveness of control measures against the diffusion of the COVID-19 pandemic is grounded on the assumption that people are prepared and disposed to cooperate. From a strategic decision point of view, cooperation is the unreachable strategy of the prisoner's dilemma game, where the temptation to exploit the others and the fear to be betrayed by them drives the people behavior, which eventually results fully defective. In this work, we integrate the SIRS epidemic model with the replicator equation of evolutionary games in order to study the interplay between the infection spreading and the propensity of people to become cooperative under the pressure of the epidemic. We find that the developed model possesses several steady states, including fully or partially cooperative ones and that the presence of such states allows to take the disease under control. Moreover, assuming a seasonal variation of the infection rate, the system presents rich dynamics, including chaotic behavior and epidemic extinction
La nuova disciplina sanzionatoria dello scarico di acque reflue (legge 25 febbraio 2010, n. 36)
No full textCommento alla legge n. 36/2010 che riformula l'art. 137, c. 5, d. lgs. n. 152/2006, il quale punisce a titolo di reato lo scarico in acque di reflui contenenti sostanze pericolos
Un recepimento solo parziale della Direttiva 2008/99/CE sulla tutela penale dell'ambiente
No full textCommento al d. lgs. 121/2001 che, nel recepire la direttiva CE/2008/99 sulla tutela penale dell'ambiente, ha introdotto due nuovi reati ambientali ed esteso la responsabilità amministrativa degli enti ai reati ambiental
Attuazione in materia penale della legge Cirinnà sulle unioni civili
No full textD. lgs. n. 6/2017, has implemented law n. 76/2016 (Civil Partnership) in relation with criminal law. The Executive has provided coordination between civil partnership and Criminal Code, as well as with Code of Criminal Procedure, both by means of interpretative provisions and with the introduction of new provisions, aiming to equate
civil partnership and marriage for purposes of Criminal Law and Process. As it will be shown, harmonisation
hasn’t been completely fulflled, as signifcant lack of protection of civil partners can be detecte
Modelli di imputazione della responsabilità alle strutture sanitarie per l'evento avverso del paziente in Italia e in Inghilterra
No full textLa monografia analizza il profilo della responsabilità penale o comunque da reato della struttura sanitaria per l’evento avverso subito dal paziente determinato o agevolato da carenze o inadeguatezze strutturali/organizzative. Lo studio è svolto in chiave comparata negli ordinamenti italiano e inglese, in ragione della forte similitudine di organizzazione sanitaria che li contraddistingue.
In Italia ci si riferisce al d. lgs. n. 231/2001, la cui disciplina appare carente sotto il profilo dei reati presupposto attribuibili all’ente sanitario per l’evento avverso, e andrebbe pertanto ampliata, in una prospettiva de iure condendo In Inghilterra sono presenti alcuni reati, in primis il corporate manslaughter, imputabili alle strutture sanitarie. Per verificare la concreta attribuzione della responsabilità, lo studio viene completato con l’analisi giurisprudenziale
Evoluzione della normativa europea sulla sicurezza alimentare e assenza di una disciplina armonizzata delle frodi alimentari: una proposta de iure condendo
No full textPaper retraces steps that led EU legislator to a policy of harmonization of the agri-food sector based on the integral strategy known as the “from farm to folk” strategy, primarily aimed at the protection of human health through the guarantee of food safety, understood in a increasingly broader sense over time. EU legislation, moreover, has developed entirely on the preventive level, through the imposition of obligations, prohibitions and standards of various kinds, devolving the repressive one to , Member States except for the provision of the classic formula that requires these ones to provide for proportionate, effective and dissuasive sanctions for violations of the rules of EU regulations. The lack of homogeneity between Member States’ systems with regard to food crimes, especially frauds – both with regard to the selection of punishable acts and the nature (criminal or administrative) of the offences, and with regard to the formulation technique – makes appropriate, for a more effective protection of food safety, to also harmonize the regulation of criminal food law and, in a de iure condendo perspective, the author suggests three categories of food fraud, outlining their structural feature
Linear least squares parameter estimation of nonlinear reaction diffusion equations
No full textThis paper concerns with the development of a direct parameter identification procedure for a class of nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations. We assume to know the model equations with the exception of a set of constant parameters, such as diffusivity and reaction term parameters. Using the finite element method the original partial differential equation is transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations. A linear least squares method is then applied to estimate the unknown parameters by using normal equations. The measurements errors obtained following this approach are significantly lower than the error obtained by a nonlinear least squares identification procedure. In order to better understand the differences between the two approaches, a sensitivity analysis with respect to initial conditions and mesh dimension is performed. The robustness of the method is tested on noise corrupted data, showing that the linear least square method may be sensitive to perturbations in the data. The procedure is applied to two ecological models describing the dynamics of population growth. © 2011 IMACS
Urbanistica ed edilizia. I reati. Lavori in assenza o in difformità totale dal permesso
No full textAnalisi del reato di lavori in assenza o in difformità totale dal permesso di costruire (art. 44, c. 1, lett. b), d. P.R. n. 380/2001), alla luce delle interpretazioni giurisprudenziali e dottrinal
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