274 research outputs found
New Insights on the Relation Between Human Microbiota and Food Allergy
No full textFood allergy onset occurs in early life, in fact an Australian non-selected 1-year-old children cohort showed a prevalence
of sesame, peanut and egg allergy of 8.9, 3.0 and 0.8 % respectively. Other experiments showed that clinical reactivity to such foods arises around 4 months of age. Several researchers reported dysbiosis in food allergic subjects. Some studies about human microbiome genetics evidenced altered gut microbiota in individuals suffering from both cow’s milk and egg allergies. It is generally accepted that dysbiosis arises prodromal to the food allergy onset. In fact, after analyzing gut microbiota in children, belonging to a Canadian cohort, within 12 months of age, it was found proof of food sensitization after 12 months of age. The aim of this opinion paper is to enforce existing evidences and, above all, to introduce the concept that, in many cases, human features and perceptions are mostly shaped by microbiota, as outlined in my previous papers
Gut Microbiota Role in Liver Regeneration: Evidences and Novel Insights
No full textHuman pathophysiological status highly depends on microbiota activity; its presence is in fact necessary to a healthy development, as well as for
backing up immune system in the defense from pathogens. Gut microbiota also acts as a metabolic player that takes part in host metabolism by partially
regulating bile acids (BAs) metabolism, as well as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling. In fact, if microbiota functions are totally or even partially
impaired, its role in supporting both BAs and FXR pathways will be undermined too, resulting in a diminished liver regeneration function. Hepatic
pathologies have been associated to impaired gut microbial diversity, that can trigger a positive feedback cycle that worsen liver injury and obstruct
liver regeneration process. Alcoholic liver disease subjects were typically infected by Bacteroides species and expanded Proteobacteria ones. Thus, it can
be inferred that an intimate relationship between microbiota, hepatic metabolism and injury as well as regeneration is standing. Within this complex
scenario, it is not surprising that the gut-liver axis could be also part of the regenerative mechanisms that, under certain circumstances, occur within
the hepatic environment. This opinion paper aims to put together some of the evidences related to this thesis in order to consolidate it and give new
insights about i
Oral bacteria contribution in wine flavor perception
No full textBackground: Recently, one of the most debated problems within the wine tasters community, is whether personal biological variability can affect the wine flavors sensing or not. In other words, can wine aroma perception be considered as an absolute truth? Methods: The present paper demonstrates that, relying on proven data, that the answer is no. Few research about this topic has been published, but data clearly show evident biochemical intravariabilities, mostly based on oral bacteria enzymes secretion. Results: Individual variability in receptors expression dramatically affect this process, but the combination between both oral bacteriaderived and salivary enzymes seems to be the pivotal factor able to dissociate aromatic compounds from sugars and allow them to pass from liquid to gaseous phase, so that, following the Retropharyngeal Path, they can be sensed by olfactory neurons placed at tectory level, that can however express receptors in a variable and genetically-based manner. Conclusion: The aim of the present work is that of provide tools to rethink wine tasting, constructing an evidence-based perspective in the broad world of wine
Prosthetic Joint Infections and Prevention
No full textProsthetic joint implantation became a broadly diffused surgery routine due to its life quality enhancement potential, but it carries the intrinsic risk of infection that all surgeries have. Currently, millions of devices are being successfully implanted every year worldwide. Although surgical techniques have been optimized and prostheses are safe and built with germ free materials, prosthetic joint infections are a sanitary burden that often leads the patient to death or serious complications. With this in mind, it is clear that new ideas are needed in order to limit this phenomenon and give to this surgical area a life-saving plan. This opinion paper aim is in fact to elaborate a fresh preventive perspective to reduce as much as possible the prosthetic joint infections incidence
E-MuSER (Enhanced Multiple Sclerosis Expected Rate): a technical improvement
No full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease that strikes the Central Nervous System (CNS). Moreover,
it is the most diffused disabling neurologic disease, in fact about 12 * 103 new diagnoses/year arise in the United States alone. It
is clear that the development of a MS predictive system is necessary, in order to have a reliable biostatistics tool to forecast the
incidence value with a significant degree of accuracy in both time and space. Since the reached prevision time was equal to 1 year
(namely 2019), the model was ameliorated by unpacking the considered and refined time period. The theoretical MS incidence
for 2023 in Italy was calculated to be 12.17% (± 2.04), with a theoretical accuracy of 99.35% (± 1.02). It can be stated E-MuSER
(Enhanced Multiple Sclerosis Expected Rate) could reach a higher dependability degree, as well as theoretical accuracy, with the
respect to the previous model. Its efficiency will be assessed at the end of year 2023
GSL Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
No full textProgressive Muscular Dystrophies (PMDs) are a heterogeneous family of neuromuscular diseases. Although they are considered as a rare diseases group, their severity and relatively high prevalence make them a suitable target for that kind of scientific research whose target is to give to the community a better quality of life. With this in mind, it is reasonable to think that a reliable predictive model is needed. Alas, since both PMDs subtypes prevalence and incidence among general population do not show significant statistical variations, it is not possible to base a predictive model on these data. However, the aim of this paper is to elaborate a novel approach in order to crack the code of PMDs unpredictability
Microbiota and HCV Infection Interplay
No full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) is held responsible for about 17.5% of acute hepatitis cases and after acute infection, roughly 65% of patients develops a chronic infection. Intestinal microbiota’s relevance in the pathogenesis of HCV-induced chronic liver diseases is a promising topic within scientific community. Anyway, its role in chronic HCV infection is still not completely unraveled and it needs more detailed investigations. Although results on relationships standing between human microbiota and HCV infections are lacking, the few published articles are highly inspirational for both further studies and theoretical researches, giving a starting substrate to hypothesize the mechanisms underlying the relationships between microbiota and HCV in the context of gut-liver axis. The aim of this short review is to summarize the state of the art of microbiota/HCV interactions and possibily give a novel point of view based on the articles’ conclusions, using an eagle-eye perspective that will allow to open a door to new research studies concerning HCV infection
Valutazione della qualità tecnologica del frumento mediante indici reologici di tipo fondamentale
No full textNelle abitudini alimentari mediterranee il frumento rappresenta un cereale essenziale essendo utilizzato per prodotti come pane e pasta, che costituiscono la base dell'alimentazione. Diverse sono le tipologie di frumento (specie e varietà), che si differenziano per caratteristiche di produzione, di adattabilità, resistenza alle malattie e qualità tecnologica di trasformazione.
L’obiettivo del presente lavoro è stato quello di individuare metodiche reologiche fondamentali per la valutazione della qualità panificatoria di farine di frumento tenero
Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption as a Key Role Problem in Multiple Sclerosis: A Novel Primary Prevention Strategy
No full textBlood-barrier disruption is known to be a typical feature of Multiple Sclerosis. Such a vasal permeability let lymphocytes infiltration, with consequent central nervous system inflammation and demyelination. It has been demonstrated that blood-brain barrier disruption also occurs with aging and among pathology like Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Dysfunction. With this in mind, it is clear that such phenomenon is a common trait between very important and severe neurodegenerative diseases, letting happen neurological damages such as harmful cytokine diffusion within central nervous system and inlet of autoreactive immune cells. Interestingly, research about primary prevention of blood-brain barrier disruption is still lacking, so that the aim of this work is to propose a novel strategy to forestall this important etiological event. As it has been discussed throughout the paper, many risk factors have been identified, i.e. smoking habits, juvenile obesity, low vitamin D and oxidative stress. Since the above cited disorders onsets occurs at least after 20 years of age, a preventive strategy has been designed to be employed since the early childhood. Such plan includes eliminating smoking habits, the employment of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with vitamin D rich foods, introducing physical activity and the consumption of food containing antioxidants
Perceptually Visible but Emotionally Subliminal Stimuli to Improve Exposure Therapies
No full textSubliminal stimuli are gaining growing interest due to their capability to induce desensitization to pathologically feared (e.g., phobic) pictures without inducing exaggerated emotional reactions. However, unresolved methodological issues cast significant doubt on the reliability of these findings and their interpretation. The studies most robustly assessing stimulus detection found that ~30% of the supposed‐to‐be‐subliminal stimuli were, in fact, detected, suggesting that the beneficial effects attributed to subliminal stimuli may result from those actually seen. Nevertheless, a deeper analysis of the data underlying this misinterpretation unveils theoretical and clinical implications. Since the purpose of subliminal stimulation is to reduce the aversiveness of exposure therapies while maintaining their efficacy, researchers should measure the emotional relevance of supposed‐to‐be‐subliminal stimuli that are, in fact, detected. A distinction is needed between perceptually‐ and emotionally‐subliminal stimuli: the former is not consciously detected; the latter just fails to elicit emotional reactions. Emotionally‐subliminal stimuli could represent an intermediate step of exposure in addition to those involving perceptually subliminal or supraliminal stimuli. Importantly, emotionally subliminal stimuli could make patients able to sustain a conscious exposure to feared stimuli without exaggeratedly reacting to them: if confirmed by empirical data, this unexpected disconfirmation of patients’ beliefs could pave the way for successful therapy while increasing their self‐efficacy and compliance to treatment
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