1,721,284 research outputs found
La nazione meglio polita: buon governo e costituzione economica della Cina alla scuola di Genovesi
No full textThis article exploits the concepts of emulation and “heterotopia” in order to answer an important question: what kind of constitutional arrangement did Antonio Genovesi and his pupils have in mind? While previous literature underlined how the commercial states of north-western Europe offered the Neapolitans a model to imitate, the article highlights the paradigmatic role of China. In the works of Paolo Mattia Doria and Antonio Genovesi we find the origins in Naples of the enduring myth of China’s perfect administration and political economy. Such a positive image of China survived among Genovesi’s pupils until the last decades of the century. The idea that China was ruled in agreement with the laws of nature, originating in Jesuist sources, became part of Genovesi attack on Montesquieu’s and feudalism; but it also provided the Neapolitan reformers with the model of a ruling elite of mandarins whose only title to power was their knowledge of political economy. The Supreme Council of Finance, created in 1782, seemed for a while to embody certain proposals derived from alleged Chinese models
Agricultural numbers: The statistics of the international institute of agriculture in the interwar period
Full text linkThis article examines the statistics produced by the International Institute of Agriculture in connection with the economic conferences that were held under the auspices of the League of Nations in Genoa (1922) and Geneva (1927). Established in 1905 in Rome, the International Institute of Agriculture formed an important institutional framework for the exchange of knowledge on agriculture in the first half of the twentieth century. By examining the Institute's reports and enquiries and the planning for the world census of agriculture (1930), the article argues that the Institute held a particular vision of the relationship between agriculture and industry that differed greatly from the perspective of the Anglophone experts of the League of Nations. It will be shown that whilst the League addressed the issue of famine and food shortages, the Institute focused on stabilizing farmers' income
The microfoundations of Italian agrarianism: Italian agricultural economists and fascism
No full textBy studying the theoretical and empirical work of agricultural economists in pre-World War I and interwar Italy, this article shows that agrarianism was a general paradigm shared across the Italian political spectrum by different political families. Originating in the agricultural crisis of the late nineteenth century, agrarianism was understood differently by different political groups, so that its political meaning changed over time, while the underlying economic principles remained stable. The "democratic agrarianism" of the first two decades of the twentieth century-an effort to increase the number of owner-farmers in the name of the "social utility" of land-evolved into the "productivist agrarianism" of the fascistperiod, when the regime tried to reconcile under a technocratic leadership the contrast between social issues and land productivity. It declared peasant farmers a protected category of subjects, and put the development of Italian agriculture under the tutelage of the state and its bureaucratic structure
Making Variety Simple: Agricultural Economists in Southern Italy, 1906-9
No full textIn this contribution I examine the Italian parliamentary inquiry into the conditions of peasants in the southern provinces and Sicily, usually called the Faina inquiry (1906–9). I focus on how the task of observing the conditions of the peasant was defined, how it was entrusted to agricultural economists, and how they accomplished it. The peasant way of life varied greatly across southern Italy. Knowledge about local varieties and local specificities was embedded contextually and was available only to locals themselves. Observation thus coincided with translation of local features into a more general language that could be understood by a larger community of scientists and by a nationwide public opinion. Political change imposed severe time constraints on data collection. Farm types were devised to handle variety quickly and effectively. Types mobilized difference while preserving and stabilizing variety among classes
Agricultural numbers: The statistics of the international institute of agriculture in the interwar period
No full textThis article examines the statistics produced by the International Institute of Agriculture in connection with the economic conferences that were held under the auspices of the League of Nations in Genoa (1922) and Geneva (1927). Established in 1905 in Rome, the International Institute of Agriculture formed an important institutional framework for the exchange of knowledge on agriculture in the first half of the twentieth century. By examining the Institute's reports and enquiries and the planning for the world census of agriculture (1930), the article argues that the Institute held a particular vision of the relationship between agriculture and industry that differed greatly from the perspective of the Anglophone experts of the League of Nations. It will be shown that whilst the League addressed the issue of famine and food shortages, the Institute focused on stabilizing farmers' income
Photochemical reactivity of halofuran and halothiophene derivatives in the presence of alpha-methylstyrene and heteroallylic acetates
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The mechanism of the photochemical conversion of 5-bromo-2-furancarboxyaldehyde into the corresponding 5-aryl derivatives: evidence for exciplex formation
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