1,720,971 research outputs found
Composition of volatile in micropropagated and field grown aromatic plants from Tuscany Islands
No full textAromatic plant species present in the natural Park of Tuscany Archipelago are used as flavoring agents and spices, as dietary supplements and in cosmetics and aromatherapy. The plants are usually collected in wild field, inducing a depauperization of the natural habitat. Therefore, micropropagation of these aromatic plants can play a role for the protection of the natural ecosystem, can guarantee a massive production and can provide standardized plant materials for further economical purposes. The aim of this study is to compare the volatile organic compounds produced from the wild plants with the in vitro plantlets using headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), followed by capillary gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Typical plants of this natural area selected for this work were Calamintha nepeta L., Crithmum maritimum L., Lavandula angustifolia L., Myrtus communis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Satureja hortensis L. Different explants have been used microcuttings with vegetative apical parts, axillary buds or internodes. Sterilization percentage, multiplication rate and shoot length, as well as root formation were measured. The volatile aromatic profiles produced from in vitro plantlets were correlated to that of the wild plants, in particular for C. maritimum, R. officinalis, S. officinalis and S. hortensis. This study indicated that the micropropagation technique can represent a valid alternative to produce massive and steril plant material characterised by the same aromatic flavour than the wild grown plant
Evaluation of new synthesized “adenine derivatives” molecules as cytokinin-like compounds .
No full textMicropropagazione di specie aromatiche dell'isola d'Elba
No full textElba island belong to the archipelago Toscano, the largest marine Park in Europe, influenced by the Mediterranean climate. Its vegetation is characterised by several aromatic species used as traditional food and cosmetics, in phytotherapy and aromatherapy. The plants are usually collected in wild field, inducing a impoverishment of the natural habitat The aim of this study is to utilize micropropagation technique, commonly used for massive production of plants, for the conservation of the germoplasm of selected species typical of these islands: Calamintha nepeta L., Crithmum maritimum L. Lavandula angustifolia Miller, Myrtus communis L., Nepeta cataria L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Satureja hortensis L. The main type of explants used have been either microcutting (vegetative apical portions), in some case axillary buds, or internodes. After sterilization the explants were placed on suitable culture media for growth. Sterilization percentage and multiplication rate were measured, indicating that some wild plants were difficult to sterilize, but others were well in vitro propagated. The detection of head-space components produced from the in vitro plantlets looks similar to that known in wild type plants. Micropropagation of these aromatic plants will play a role for protection of ecosystem but also an additional use, as “babyplants“, a token gift for tourist customers
Psoralea Bituminosa L. In Vitro Cultures And Hairy Roots For Bioactive Constituents Production
No full textPhytoremediation potentiality of Cistus Ssp. and Inula Viscosa in heavy metal contaminated soils
No full textAim of the study is the evaluation of native Mediterranean plants, e.g. Cistus ssp and Inula viscosa, to be used for the phytoremediation of dismissed mining areas on Elba Island. The study was focused on the area named Puppaio in the Mining Park near Rio Marina. Different parameters were considered: a) heavy metal composition of the soil; b) collection and sampling of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton, C. monspeliensis L.and C. salvifolius L. growing on contaminated soil; c) chemical analysis of different plant organs (roots, stems, leaves) in order to evaluate metal uptake and translocation; d) activity of the main antioxidant enzymes and presence of secondary metabolites linked to oxidative stress; e) in vitro cultures of the selected species, grown on specific media mimicking some of the original conditions (presence of heavy metals, extremely acidic pH), in order to obtain a population of plantlets able to be possibly reintroduced in the considered polluted areas. Preliminary results showed: a) the ability of collected plants to take up and translocate metals to the aerial parts, b) an enhanced ability of the native plants to grow in media at low pH and high metal concentration
Trasformazione di Ocimum basilicum mediante agrobacterium rhizogenes per la produzione di biomassa differenziata
No full textEstablishment of highly efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation for Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni explants
Full text linkLeaves and internodes from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plants growing in different conditions were used for transformation with two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes: ATCC 15384 and LBA 9402. Hairy roots formation was observed and the percentage of the transformed explants depended on the type of explant, time of inoculation and inoculum concentration.Inoculation of explants from ex vitro and in vitro plants with LBA9402 strain led to higher efficiency of transformation than inoculation with ATCC 15384 strain. Growth rate of hairy roots in liquid culture was assessed under light and dark conditions. It was found that the growth of hairy roots decreased significantly under light conditions. Transformation of hairy roots growing in different culture conditions was confirmed at the molecular level using PCR method with primers constructed against rolB and rolC genes from A rhizogenes.
Growth rate of hairy roots in liquid culture was assessed under light and
dark conditions. It was found that the growth of hairy roots
decre
ased
significantly
under
light conditions
. Transformation of hairy roots growing in different culture conditions
was confirmed
at the
molecular level using PCR method with primers constructed against
rolB
and
rolC
genes from
A
.
rhizogene
Ozone-elicited secondary metabolites in shoot cultures of Melissa officinalis L.
Full text linkThe effects of ozone treatment (200 ppb, 3 h) on the accumulation of main secondary metabolites have been investigated in Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) aseptic shoot cultures in order to evaluate the biotechnological application of this gas for improving the yield of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. During the treatment, we found (i) an activation of enzymes involved in phenolic metabolism [as confirmed by the increase of shikimate dehydrogenase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activities (about twofold higher than controls)], (ii) a development of cellular barriers with a higher degree of polymerization of monolignols [as indicated by the increase of lignin (+23% compared to controls)], (iii) an accumulation of phenolic compounds, in particular rosmarinic acid (about fourfold compared to control plants cultivated in filtered air) and (iv) an increase of antioxidant capacity [as documented by the improved 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity]. The effect of ozone as elicitor of the production of secondary metabolites in lemon balm shoot cultures was dependent on the specific regime, the time of exposure and the concentration of the stressor. After the end of the treatment, we found cell death and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) deposition concomitant with a prolonged superoxide anion-generation suggesting that a transient oxidative burst had occurre
Water deficit regimes trigger changes in valuable physiological and phytochemical parameters in Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L. Burtt
Full text linkThe genus Helichrysum Miller is a source of many bioactive metabolites commonly used in traditional medicine. In particular, Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L. Burtt shows activities as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and in the control of anxiety disorder. Biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites is a defense mechanism of plants and it is strictly influenced by the surrounding environmental conditions. In this study, drought was imposed on H. petiolare (HEL008 clone CREA-Sanremo collection) to understand the effect of water stress on the dynamics of plant biomass and secondary metabolites production, and the morphological and physiological mechanisms involved in plant responses. H. petiolare was cultivated for 34 days under three water regimes: 100% of container capacity (CC, control), 50% CC (moderate water stress), and 0% CC (severe water stress). Plant growth traits, leaf water potential, gas exchange parameters, phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity changes were determined twice a week, while the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and essential oils (Eos) at the end of the trial. Severe water stress dramatically reduced aerial and root dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, leaf water potential, water use efficiency (WUE, A/E), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic rate (A) and antioxidant activity. Moderate water stress induced only slight changes and led to an increase of WUE at the end of the experiment. The total amount of VOCs and Eos was not affected by water stress while their quality changed. Moderate water stress increased the main constituents of both VOCs, i.e. the monoterpene hydrocarbons, and Eos, i.e., the oxygenated sesquiterpenes. In conclusion, this H. petiolare cultivation under the applied moderate drought condition could lead to a double benefit i.e., water-saving irrigation practice and high quality metabolite producti
- …
