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In taberna quando sumus: a drunkard's cakewalk through wine proteomics
No full textA review. Anal. of white and red wine trace proteomes via capture with combinatorial peptide ligand libraries (CPLL) is reported here. Most of the alc. beverages tested (all of Italian origin) were found to contain only traces of casein (on av. from 20 to 60 Î1⁄4g/L, with a detectability of as low as 1 Î1⁄4g/L) and not any grape protein any longer, as they had been fined with bovine casein (surprisingly also red wines for which the typical fining agent is egg albumin). However, anal. of untreated white wine (Recite, from Garganega grapes in the Veneto region) via CPLL capture indeed permitted to detect close to 100 unique gene products from the grapes, suggesting the possibility of proteotyping grand crus, i.e. those aged, high quality wines that should not be treated with fining agents. Thus the CPLL technique could become a formidable tool for traceability of beverages in particular and of foodstuff in general. For trace protein anal., a new, most powerful CPLL methodol. emerges: capture at pH=2.2 in 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) under the conditions mimicking reversed-phase mechanisms of adsorption
The “Dark Side” of Food Stuff Proteomics: The CPLL-Marshals Investigate
Get PDFThe present review deals with analysis of the proteome of animal and plant-derived food stuff, as well as of non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages. The survey is limited to those systems investigated with the help of combinatorial peptide ligand libraries, a most powerful technique allowing access to low- to very-low-abundance proteins, i.e., to those proteins that might characterize univocally a given biological system and, in the case of commercial food preparations, attest their genuineness or adulteration. Among animal foods the analysis of cow’s and donkey’s milk is reported, together with the proteomic composition of egg white and yolk, as well as of honey, considered as a hybrid between floral and animal origin. In terms of plant and fruits, a survey is offered of spinach, artichoke, banana, avocado, mango and lemon proteomics, considered as recalcitrant tissues in that small amounts of proteins are dispersed into a large body of plant polymers and metabolites. As examples of non-alcoholic beverages, ginger ale, coconut milk, a cola drink, almond milk and orgeat syrup are analyzed. Finally, the trace proteome of white and red wines, beer and aperitifs is reported, with the aim of tracing the industrial manipulations and herbal usage prior to their commercialization
Anyone for an aperitif? Yes, but only a Braulio DOC with its certified proteome
No full textThe trace proteome of a Braulio aperitif (a 21% alc. beverage, named after a mountain in the Val di Stelvio, Italy) has been investigated via capture with combinatorial peptide ligand libraries (CPLL, ProteoMiner). This aperitif is made with an infusion of 13 mountain herbs and berries, among which four are officially indicated in the label: Achillea moschata, juniper (Juniperus communis subsp. alpina) berries, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium) and gentian (Gentiana alpina) roots. Via capture with CPLLs at pH 7.0 and 2.2 we were able to identify 29 unique gene products, among which the PR5 (parasite resistance) allergen Jun r 3.2, a 25 kDa species from Juniperus rigida. Due to the paucity of data on these alpine herbs, it was difficult to attribute these proteins to the specific plant exts. presumably present in this beverage; however most of the species identified indeed belong to alpine herbs and plants, living in a habitat between 1000 and 2000 m of elevation. Most of them are enzymes, spanning a Mr range from 10 to 65 kDa. It is hoped that such a proteomic signature should help tracking counterfeited products sold on the marke
Ginger Rogers? No, Ginger Ale and its invisible proteome
No full textThe trace proteome of a Ginger drink, stated to be produced with a ginger root ext., has been investigated via capture with combinatorial peptide ligand libraries (ProteoMiner). Although in traces, we could confirm the presence of five grape proteins and one apple protein, but not even the faintest trace of any ginger root proteins. The first two findings are correct, as the producer stated that this beverage had been reinforced with 12% grape juice and 6% apple juice, but the absence of even traces of ginger proteins does not permit the classification of this beverage as a ginger ext. on a proteomics scale. However, organoleptic tasting has confirmed the presence of a ginger ext., due to its piquant and tongue-biting taste. Nevertheless, any ginger root ext. must be considered as a minor component as compared to the presence of grape and apple juice. At the light of these findings, it is hoped that the competent authorities will in the future make compulsory the proper labeling also of beverages so that all amts. of compds. utilized will be clearly stated in the label, including the presumptive main componen
Proteomics of wine additives: mining for the invisible via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries
No full textCombinatorial peptide ligand libraries (CPLLs) have been adopted for harvesting and identifying traces of casein (used as a fining agent) present in white wines. Although minute amounts (200 microL) of CPLL beads are added to the entire content of a wine bottle (750 mL), they are able to sequester with high efficiency (up to 80%) residual traces of casein, permitting a signal "amplification" of at least 5000-fold. It is here demonstrated that as little as 1 microg/L of casein can be efficiently detected in white wines, a major improvement over previous investigations in which the lower detection limit had been estimated at 100 microg/L. The fact that such very low levels of fining agents can still be detected in treated white wines should be taken into consideration by winemakers in labelling their products and by EC rulers in issuing proper regulations
The Silk Road, Marco Polo, a bible and its proteome: A detective story
No full textAround the end of XIII century (at the time of young Marco Polo's first trip to China at the court of Khubilai Khan in Khan Baliq) a pocket Bible was delivered by a Franciscan friar to the Mogul Emperor, in the framework of the evangelization program of the Far East. Four centuries later, in 1685, this Bible was rediscovered by the Jesuit Philippe Couplet in the house of a rich Chinese in Nanchin and donated to Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany. This Bible was recently "unearthed" in the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana in Florence, wrapped up in a precious yellow silk cloth, in a rather ruined state. After two years of restoration, the Bible will return to China in 2012 for a celebration of its > 700. years of life and of its remarkable return trip on the Silk Road. On account of the thinness of the parchment (barely 80 μm thickness, the size of each foil being 16.5 × 11 cm) it was widely held that the pages were produced from foetal lambskins. On tiny fragments of the margins of a foil, after several unsuccessful attempts at digesting the vellum, we were able to obtain a tryptic peptide mixture, which, upon mass spectrometry analysis, yielded the identity of 8 unique proteins, belonging to the genus Bos taurus, thus confirming the origin of the vellum from calfskins rather than from foetal lambskins. Our results prove that it is possible to obtain reliable protein extraction and IDs from ancient parchment documents
PROTEOMIC SIGNATURE TO IMPROVE OUTCOME IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (NSCLC) PATIENTS TREATED WITH EGFR-TKIS
No full textProteomic analysis of Lycium barbarum (Goji) fruit via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries
No full textThe proteome of Goji berries (Lycium barbarum) has been investigated in depth by using the combinatorial peptide ligand libraries (CPLL) technology. Since, in general, when plant samples are solubilized under native conditions, a limited number of identifications ensues, we have tried here solubilization under both native and denaturing conditions. In the latter case, since up to 3% SDS is used, the amount of surfactant is diluted to 0.1% or else proteins are precipitated with acetone/methanol, followed by CPLL capture. Under these conditions, a total amount of 350 proteins has been univocally identified, which represents by far the deepest proteomic investigation of Goji berries
In Depth Exploration of the Hemolymph of Limulus polyphemus via Combinatorial Peptide Ligand Libraries
No full textThe hemolymph of Limulus polyphemus, a very ancient marine arthropod dating back to ca. 440 million years, has been explored in depth via capture by combinatorial peptide ligand libraries. Whereas barely a dozen proteins had been known up to the present, we have increased this number by more than 1 order of magnitude, up to 160 unique gene products, identified via the dbEST-limulus as well as via comparison with the other members of the Chelicerata subphylum to which Limulus belongs, namely, scorpions, ticks, mites, and spiders. Yet we have sequences of many other peptides, suggesting the presence of at least one more order of magnitude of species (1000 and more), that could not be identified as such sequences have no counterparts in present databases. This further reinforces the notion that these could be ancestral proteins, scarcely represented in present times. These data might represent the true birth of paleo-proteomics
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