130,551 research outputs found
Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in small mammals
No full textV Sloveniji je lymska borelioza najpogostejša bolezen, katere povzročitelje prenašajo klopi. Povzročajo jo predstavniki kompleksa Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Borelije za uspešno razmnoževanje potrebujejo kompetentne gostitelje. Pri nas so to mali sesalci, ptiči in kuščarji. Opravili smo epidemiološko raziskavo prekuženosti malih sesalcev z Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Borrelia miyamotoi. Prisotnost borelij lymske borelioze smo preverili v srcih in pljučih testiranih živali. S PCR v realnem času smo dokazovali prisotnost gena ospA v vzorcih. Odkrili smo, da je okuženih 20,25 % malih sesalcev. Manjšo diagnostično občutljivost je pokazala metoda kultivacije, s katero smo odkrili prisotnost B. burgdorferi sensu lato pri 6,01 % malih sesalcev. Pričakovano je bila prevalenca B. miyamotoi mnogo manjša. Z molekularnimi metodami in sekvenciranjem smo pri malih sesalcih odkrili 0,61 % prevalenco B. miyamotoi. Želeli smo natančneje identificirati osamljene borelije lymske borelioze, zato smo izolirane seve genotipizirali z metodo polimorfizma dolžin restrikcijskih fragmentov celotnega genoma (angl. large restriction fragment pattern, MluI-LRFP) in metodo tipizacije na osnovi multilokusnih zaporedji (angl. multilocus sequence typing, MLST). Z metodo MluI-LRFP smo ugotovili, da vsi izolirani sevi borelij lymske borelioze pripadajo podtipu Mla1 vrste Borrelia afzelii. Boljšo sposobnost ločevanja znotraj vrste omogoča MLST. Z MLST smo odkrili tri različne sekvenčne tipe. Vsi trije sekvenčni tipi pripadajo B. afzelii in so že bili odkriti v Sloveniji. Naše ugotovitve potrjujejo uspešno razmnoževanje in kroženje borelij med gostitelji, prenašalci in ljudmi.Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in Slovenia. Lyme borreliosis is caused by a group of related spirochaetes named Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. In Slovenia the main competent reservoirs are small mammals, birds and lizards, which are crucial for successful maintenance and transmission for borrelia. The aim of the present study was to perform an epidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato and Borrelia miyamotoi in small mammals. Heart and lungs was examined with molecular methods and culture techniques. DNA of B. burgdorferi sensu lato was detected in 20,25 % rodents, using real time PCR, targeting gene ospA. B. burgdorferi sensu lato was isolated from 6,01 % rodents. Molecular methods were more sensitive than culture techniques. B. miyamotoi DNA was detected in 0,61 % rodents, using molecular methods and confirmed with sequencing. Identification of isolated Lyme borrelia was performed on limited number of samples with large restriction fragment pattern (MluI-LRFP) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). MluI-LRFP revealed all isolates as Borrelia afzelii Mla1. According to our results MLST has greater discriminatory power. MLST analysis revealed three distinct sequence types, all belonging to B. afzelii species and all three already known in Slovenia. Our findings confirm successful reproduction and transmission between reservoir, vectors and humans
Analiza organizacijskih struktur v hotelskem podjetju - primer hotel Mons in kongresni center Ljubljana
No full text
SCRIPT LANGUAGE FOR INTUSOFT SPICE SOFTWARE
No full textPredstavljen je skriptni jezik programskega paketa Intusoft Spice (ICAPS/4 Demo: 8.3.11 Build 2817). V nalogi je na kratko opisana njegova struktura in njegov namen. S sintaktičnimi pravili so predstavljene najpomembnejše funkcije in ukazi, ki se uporabljajo pri merilnih skriptih. Diplomsko delo lahko služi kot hiter priročnik za omenjeni programski paket.Script language for program package Intusoft Spice (ICAPS/4 Demo: 8.3.11 Build 2817) has been represented. Structure and purpose of Script language have been shortly summarized. Most important functions and commands that are used in measure script are represented with syntax rules. Graduate work can be used as quick and easy handbook for this program package
PROVERBS ABOUT BEE AND HONEY
No full textČebele je preprosto ljudstvo od nekdaj cenilo zaradi medu in voska ter pozitivnih lastnosti (delavnost, gospodarnost, nesebičnost), ki jih je skupaj z medom spretno vpletlo v pregovore. Slednji so predmet raziskovanja paremiologije, etnologije, jezikoslovja in slovstvene folkloristike. Posledica različnih vidikov raziskovanja so različne definicije pregovorov. Poseben odnos slovenskega človeka do čebele se kaže tako v jezikovnem izrazu (sinonimija, antropomorfizacija) kot tudi v zunajjezikovni dejanskosti (panjske končnice, čebelnjak). Motivacija za pregovore s sestavinama čebela in med izhaja iz življenja čebel, čebelarjenja in lastnosti medu. Pregovori so torej odsev kmečkega sveta, ki hkrati odražajo razmišljanje, verovanje, védenje, vrednote in prepričanje preteklega časa. Slovenski prednik je bil tesno povezan z naravo in katoliško vero, kar je vidno zlasti pri vremenskih pregovorih (čebela, med). Sporočilo pregovorov je preoblikovano v poetično obliko. Gradniki slednje pa so zlasti: rima, asonanca, hiperbola, elipsa, metafora in primera. Glede notranje strukture prevladujejo primerjalni pregovori, medtem ko so oziralni pregovori prevladujoči z vidika zunanje strukture.Bees have always been valued by common people, not just because of honey and beeswax, but also due to their positive characteristics (diligence, frugality, selflessness), which have been artfully intertwined into proverbs, together with honey. Proverbs are the subject of study by paremiology, ethnology, linguistics and literature folkloristics. The results of the studies are various definitions of proverbs. A special relationship of Slovene people to bees is seen in linguistic expression (synonymy, anthropomorphism) as well as in extralinguistic reality (beehive panels, bee house). The motivation for proverbs which include the words bee and honey origins in the lives of bees, beekeeping and the characteristics of honey. They are therefore a reflection of the country life and the thinking, beliefs, knowing, values and convictions of the past. Slovene ancestors were closely connected to nature and Catholic religion, which are mirrored especially in weather proverbs (bee, honey). The message of the proverbs is transformed into poetic expression, the elements of which are mostly: rhyme, assonance, hyperbole, ellipsis, metaphor and comparison. Inner structure includes mostly comparative proverbs, while in the outer structure relative proverbs are predominant
Tuning ultrafast electron injection dynamics at organic-graphene/metal interfaces
No full textThe properties of novel and prospective 2D materials are dramatically influenced by the interaction with a substrate. For example, the electronic hybridization of silicene states on Ag(111) or graphene ones on Ni(111) disrupts the Dirac fermions of the freestanding layers. This calls for efficient approaches to tune the interaction strength at the interface. Here we focus on the case of graphene functionalized by organic molecules and grown on Ni(111) and on the interfacial charge transfer dynamics. This is investigated by X-ray resonant photoemission spectroscopy, that is able to measure electron transfer rates occurring within few femtoseconds, and by a theoretical framework based on density-functional theory [1,2].
We use 4,4’-bipyridine as the prototypical molecule for these explorations as the energy level alignment of core-excited molecular orbitals allows ultrafast injection (τ=4fs) of electrons from the substrate to the molecule adsorbed on epitaxial graphene/Ni(111), which is characterized by a strong hybridization between C and metal states. We demonstrate that this interface can be decoupled by the addition of a second layer of graphene, where the one in contact with the metal acts as a buffer layer and the one in contact with the molecule is less hybridized with Ni underneath. As a result, the ultrafast injection of electrons from the substrate to the molecule is ∼4 times slower on weakly coupled bilayer graphene than on epitaxial graphene. Through our experiments and calculations, we can attribute this to a difference in the density of states close to the Fermi level between graphene and bilayer graphene. We therefore show how graphene coupling with the substrate influences charge transfer dynamics between organic molecules and graphene interfaces.
[1] G. Fratesi, C. Motta, M. I. Trioni, G. P. Brivio, and D. Sánchez-Portal, J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 8775 (2014)
[2] D. Cvetko, G. Fratesi, G. Kladnik, A. Cossaro, G.P. Brivio, L. Venkataraman, and A. Morgante, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 22140 (2016)
[3] A. Ravikumar, G. Kladnik, M. Müller, A. Cossaro, G. Bavdek, L. Patera, D. Sánchez-Portal, L. Venkataraman, A. Morgante, G. P. Brivio, D. Cvetko, and G. Fratesi, Nanoscale 10, 8014 (2018)
Traceability improvement study with partial RFID introduction in Mercator, d. d.
No full textS črtno kodo se srečujemo vsak dan, saj se nahaja na vseh izdelkih, ki jih je moţno kupiti. Pojavlja pa se nova tehnologija, ki lahko v veliki meri izpodrine uporabo črtne kode. Danes pomeni radiofrekvenčna identifikacija prednost pred drugimi podjetji, kmalu pa lahko postane pogoj za obstanek. Pri nas jo zaenkrat uporabljamo za identifikacijo ljudi, označitev ţivali, plačilo cestnine in v avtomobilskih kodnih ključih. V osnovi sistem predstavlja komunikacijo med radiofrekvenčno oznako in čitalcem. Dnevni pretok velike količine blaga zahteva usklajeno dobavno verigo. Radiofrekvenčna tehnologija prinaša veliko prednosti. Največje prednosti so: sledljivost, avtomatizacija postopkov, hitro zajemanje podatkov in ponovno vpisovanje podatkov. Radiofrekvenčna tehnologija pa prinaša tudi določene slabosti. Cena vpeljave je prva slabost, na katero pomislimo, sledijo še vpojnost radiofrekvenčnega signala, varnost podatkov in elektromagnetne motnje. Začetni stroški uvedbe so visoki, vendar so izboljšave v proces materialnih tokov očitne.We see the barcode on every product that is available for purchase, but there is a new technology that can put the use of barcode on the side. Today radio frequency identification means a competitive advantage, but soon it can become a term of survival for the companies. We use it mainly for personal identification, marking the animals, paying the toll and in transponder car keys. The system basically represents a communication between the radio frequency tag and the reader. The daily flow of goods demands a consistent supply chain. The biggest advantage of the radio frequency technology is traceability, next there are automatisation, fast data acquisition and renewal. The weaknesses that this technology brings to mind are its initial cost, absorbance of the radio signal, data safety and electromagnetic disruption. The start-up expenses are high, but the improvements in the material flow are evident
Deuterium scattering from Rh(110) surface
No full textThermal energy deuterium beam scattering (TEDS) from Rh(110) surface is reported and compared to helium atom scattering (HAS). Unlike for He, we find quite strong D-2 off-specular diffraction. The D-2 diffraction intensities are fairly isotropic along the [001] and [1 (1) over bar 0], reflecting the presence of a finite dissociation barrier in the potential energy surface (PES) rather than the anisotropic corrugation of the relevant Rh(110) surface electron density. Inelastic D-2 scattering with strong J=0-->2 kinetic-to-rotational energy conversion is also presented and discussed
Substrate induced ultrafast electron injection dynamics at organic-graphene interfaces
No full textElectron core-level spectroscopies can effectively be used to investigate electron transfer rates at organic/inorganic interfaces occurring within few femtoseconds. The core-level excitation at an adsorbed molecule strongly perturbs the system and calls for a proper theoretical description. On the other hand it induces novel phenomena such as backward electron transfer (substrate-to-molecule) as we measure by X-ray resonant photoemission and calculate by a theoretical framework based on density-functional theory (DFT) [1]. The rates can be controlled by varying molecular properties like the adsorption angle [2], as well as by tailoring the substrate like we show here for molecules on graphene.
N1s core excitation induces ultrafast electron transfer (τ=4fs) for bipyridine molecules on epitaxial graphene/Ni(111), which is characterized by a strong hybridization between C and metal states. We demonstrate that this interface can be decoupled by the addition of a second layer of graphene, so that the one in contact with the molecule is less hybridized with Ni underneath. In that case, transfer rates decrease by about one order of magnitude in the experiments and in the simulations, whereas no transfer is in principle expected for molecules on freestanding graphene within the current description.
[1] G. Fratesi, C. Motta, M. I. Trioni, G. P. Brivio, and D. Sánchez-Portal, J. Phys. Chem. C 118 (2014) 8775
[2] D. Cvetko, G. Fratesi, G. Kladnik, A. Cossaro, G.P. Brivio, L. Venkataraman, and A. Morgante, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 (2016) 2214
Femtosecond electron transfer at core-excited adsorbed molecules
No full textCharge transfer phenomena at metal/organic interfaces are a crucial step affecting the efficiencies of devices for organic based electronics and photovoltaics. A quantitative study of electron transfer rates, which take place on the femtosecond timescale, is often difficult, especially since in most systems the molecular adsorption geometry is unknown. Electron core-level spectroscopies have emerged as effective tools to investigate several aspects of the hybrid interface between organic molecules and a substrate. In particular, X-ray resonant photoemission spectroscopy can measure interfacial electron transfer times down to the femtosecond timescale. Furthermore, the strong perturbation induced by the core hole opens up the several questions on how the properties of the interface are modified, calling for a theoretical description of the core-excited system.
Here, we use X-ray resonant photoemission spectroscopy to measure ultrafast charge transfer rates across pyridine/Au(111) interfaces while also controlling the molecular orientation on the metal [1]. We demonstrate that a bi-directional charge transfer across the molecule/metal interface is enabled upon creation of a core-exciton on the molecule with a rate that has a strong dependence on the molecular adsorption angle.
We adopt a theoretical framework based on density-functional theory (DFT), where the excitation is introduced explicitly in the core-level occupation of an atom in a molecule, to investigate the electronic structure and electron transfer from/to the molecules adsorbed on a semi-infinite metal, whose continuum of states is described by a Green's function method [2]. We show that the alignment of molecular levels relative to the metal Fermi level is dramatically altered when a core-hole is created on the molecule, allowing the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital to fall partially below the metal Fermi level opening to substrate-to-molecule electron transfer in X-ray photoemission experiments. We also calculate charge transfer rates as a function of molecular adsorption geometry and find a trend in semiquantitative agreement with the experiment [1].
References:
[1] D. Cvetko, G. Fratesi, G. Kladnik, A. Cossaro, G.P. Brivio, L. Venkataraman, and A. Morgante, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 (2016) 22140
[2] G. Fratesi, C. Motta, M. I. Trioni, G. P. Brivio, and D. Sánchez-Portal, J. Phys. Chem. C 118 (2014) 877
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