1,720,979 research outputs found
The effect of constant darkness and circadian resynchronization on the recovery of alcohol hangover
Full text linkAlcohol hangover (AH) is a particular state after binge-like drinking. AH begins when ethanol is absent in plasma and is characterized by a cluster of physical and psychological symptoms. Alcohol disrupts circadian patterns of behavioral and physiological parameters; however, the involvement of circadian clock on the recovery of AH was not explored. Our aim was to study the effect of continuous darkness and the possible involvement of the circadian clock in the recovery time of neuromuscular impairment and anxiety related-behavior due to AH. Male Swiss mice were habituated to 12:12 L:D or continuous darkness. Each group was injected i.p. either with saline (control group) or with ethanol (3.8 g/kg BW) (hangover group). Motor performance and anxiety phenotype were evaluated at a basal point (ZT0) and every 2 h up to 20 h after blood alcohol levels were close to zero (hangover onset). A third group was subjected to a phase advance during which a hangover episode was induced and behavioral tests were carried out for each group of treatment and resynchronization day. Constant darkness resulted to be in a faster recovery of both motor and anxiety impairments in AH compared with the recovery pattern observed under normal light–dark conditions. Mice suffering from a phase shift exhibited behavioral disruptions due to both AH and phase advance. Results indicated that a synchronized circadian clock is necessary for an adequate recovery of alcohol hangover symptoms.Fil: Karadayian, Analia Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Lores Arnaiz, Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Cutrera, Rodolfo Angel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Alcohol hangover: type and time-extension of motor function impairments
No full textAlcohol hangover is defined as the unpleasant next-day state following an evening of excessive alcohol consumption. Hangover begins when ethanol is absent in plasma and is characterized by physical and psychological symptoms. During hangover cognitive functions and subjective capacities are affected along with inefficiency, reduced productivity, absenteeism, driving impairments, poor academic achievement and reductions in motor coordination. The aim of this work was to study the type and length of motor and exploratory functions from the beginning to the end of the alcohol hangover. Male Swiss mice were injected i.p. either with saline (control group) or with ethanol (3.8 g/kg BW) (hangover group). Motor performance, walking deficiency, motor strength, locomotion and exploratory activity were evaluated at a basal point (ZT0) and every 2 h up to 20 h after blood alcohol levels were close to zero (hangover onset). Motor performance was 80% decreased at the onset of hangover (p < 0.001). Hangover mice exhibited a reduced motor performance during the next 16 h (p < 0.01). Motor function was recovered 20 h after hangover onset. Hangover mice displayed walking deficiencies from the beginning to 16 h after hangover onset (p < 0.05). Moreover, mice suffering from a hangover, exhibited a significant decrease in neuromuscular strength during 16 h (p < 0.001). Averaged speed and total distance traveled in the open field test and the exploratory activity on T-maze and hole board tests were reduced during 16 h after hangover onset (p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate a time-extension between 16 to 20 h for hangover motor and exploratory impairments. As a whole, this study shows the long lasting effects of alcohol hangover.Fil: Karadayian, Analia Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Cs.fisiologicas; ArgentinaFil: Cutrera, Rodolfo Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; Argentin
Autonomic neural signals in bone: Physiological implications for mandible and dental growth
Full text linkSignals derived from the autonomic nervous system exert potent effects on osteoclast and osteoblast function. A ubiquitous sympathetic and sensory innervation of all periosteal surfaces exists and its disruption affects bone remodeling. Several neuropeptides, neurohormones and neurotransmitters and their receptors are detectable in bone. Bone mineral content decreased in sympathetically denervated mandibular bone. When a mechanical stress was superimposed on mandibular bone by cutting out the lower incisors, an increase in bone density ensued providing the sympathetic innervation was intact. A lower eruption rate of sympathetically denervated incisors at the impeded eruption side, and a higher eruption rate of denervated incisors at the unimpeded side were also observed. A normal sympathetic neural activity appears to be a pre-requisite for maintaining a minimal normal unimpeded incisor eruption and for keeping the unimpeded eruption to attain abnormally high velocities under conditions of stimulated incisor growth. These and other results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in mandibular bone metabolism.Fil: Boggio, Veronica Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Ladizesky, Marta Graciela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cutrera, Rodolfo Angel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Effect of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Blockade on Anxiety-Like Behavior Induced in Rats by Postnatal Chronic Exposure to the Endocrine Disruptor Di-2 (Ethyl-Hexyl Phthalate) in Elevated plus Maze Test
Full text linkDi-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP) is the widely used to convey flexibility and transparency to plastic products made of polyvinyl chloride and also in the manufacture of medical devices. DEHP disrupts reproductive tract development in an antiandrogenic manner and also may induce neurobehavioral changes. In previous works, we demonstrated that chronic postnatal exposure to DEHP alters the neuroendocrine regulation of the testicular axis, modifying the hypothalamic concentration of excitatory neurotransmitters and therefore induces an anxiogenic effect. In the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) test, dizocilpine (MK-801) induces a decrease in anxiety-related behaviors throughout NMDA receptor blockade. The objective of this work was to investigate whether the blockade of NMDA receptors of glutamate by the non-competitive antagonist MK-801 could modify the anxiety-like behavior induced by chronic postnatal exposure to DEHP (30 mg/kg body weight/day, orally from birth) in young adult male rats in the EPM test. The results show that NMDA receptor blockade by MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) in DEHP exposed animals is able to produce a significant decrease in time spent in closed arms (TSC) and in Freezing Time (FT) as well as an increase in time spent in open arms (TSO) in the EPM test, indicating an anxiolytic effect. In conclusion, our results suggest: 1) NMDA receptor blockade by MK-801 can reverse anxiety-like behavior induced by exposure to DEHP during the early period of life. 2) The glutamatergic system is involved in the anxiogenic effect of phthalate, which is probably triggered by its known antiandrogenic action.Fil: Carbone, Silvia Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Ponzo, Osvaldo Juan. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Cutrera, Rodolfo Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; Argentin
Interferon-gamma release in sympathetically denervated rat submaxillary lymph nodes
No full textObjective: To examine the regulation of interferon (IFN)-γ release by cells derived from submaxillary lymph nodes of rats subjected to an acute or chronic superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx). Methods: A unilateral SCGx and a contralateral sham operation were performed. Twenty hours or 7 days later cells from submaxillary lymph nodes were incubated for 24 h without any additional treatment (experiment 1), after adding lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A (experiment 2) or after adding norepinephrine (NE, 10-8 M; experiment 3). IFN-γ concentration in the culture media was measured by ELISA. Results: Compared to controls, cells obtained from lymph nodes at a time of degeneration of sympathetic nerve terminals released more IFN-γ, whereas those derived from chronically SCGx lymph nodes released less IFN-γ. Stimulation of IFN-γ release by mitogens was detectable in the innervated or acutely denervated lymph nodes, but not in chronically denervated lymph nodes. When the effect of 10-8 M NE on IFN-γ release was tested, the neurotransmitter augmented cytokine release in cells prepared from chronically denervated lymph nodes only. Conclusion: The microenvironment provided by local sympathetic nerves is essential to enable an appropriate IFN-γ release by submaxillary lymph node cells to occur. Copyright © 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel.Fil: Castrillón, Patricia O.. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina ; ArgentinaFil: Arce, Agustín. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Cutrera, Rodolfo Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Esquifino, Ana I.. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Españ
Changes in motor function and brain cortex mitochondrial active oxygen species production in aged mice
No full textNeuronal ageing is a complex physiological process, associated to metabolic and motor changes. In this study, 3 and 17 months old male Swiss mice were used. Aged mice exhibited a significant reduction in motor performance and walking footprint pattern. Synaptosomes and mitochondrial fractions were isolated from mouse brain cortex. Active oxygen species and cardiolipin content were measured in both subcellular fractions. Synaptosomal acetylcholinesterase activity was measured in both animal age groups. Results showed that superoxide levels were 42.9% lower in synaptosomes from old mice as compared with young animals, while no changes were observed in non-synaptic mitochondria. Succinate-glutamate dependent H 2 O 2 production rate was 27.5% decreased in non-synaptic mitochondria from aged mice. Cardiolipin content was 21% decreased in synaptosomes from 17-months old animals, while no changes were observed in non-synaptic mitochondria. Acetylcholinesterase activity decreased 16% in 17-months old mice, as compared with young animals. Age-related alterations in neuronal function could be associated with changes in active oxygen species at synapses, with parallel motor deficiencies.Fil: Lores Arnaiz, Silvia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Lombardi, P.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Karadayian, Analia Graciela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Cutrera, Rodolfo Angel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Bustamante, J.. Universidad Abierta Interamericana; Argentin
Estrogen blocks the protective action of melatonin in a behavioral model of ethanol-induced hangover in mice
Full text linkMelatonin has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties in human beings and experimental models, as well as 'anti-estrogenic' effects. Ethanol (EtOH) affects various behavioral parameters during a period known as ethanol-induced hangover. Our study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on motor performance during ethanol hangover in male and female Swiss mice. The females were subjected to specific hormonal states: ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX estrogenized (OVX-E2). Mice received melatonin (25μg/ml) or vehicle in their drinking water for seven days and were given intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of EtOH (3.8g/kg) or saline on the morning of the eighth day. Motor performance was evaluated by the tightrope test 6h after EtOH exposure (hangover onset). During ethanol hangover, males exhibited lower motor performance than controls (p<0.01) but pretreatment with melatonin significantly improved performance during hangover (p<0.05). In females, melatonin treatment before ethanol-induced hangover led to a better motor performance in OVX compared with intact females (p<0.01) and a lower performance in OVX-E2 compared with not-estrogenized OVX (p<0.05). Consequently, estrogen reversed the motor performance enhancement afforded by melatonin. We conclude that estrogen interferes with the protective action of melatonin on motor performance during ethanol hangover.Fil: Karadayian, A. G.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Mc Laughlin, M. A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Cutrera, Rodolfo Angel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin
Effect of unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy on bone mineral content and density of rat's mandible
Full text linkTo assess the effect of a local sympathectomy on bone metabolism, the effect of a unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (Gx) on growth and bone mineral content and density of the ipsi- and contralateral mandibles was examined in female rats. A significant increase in the hemi-mandibular bone ipsilateral to Gx was found as compared to the contralateral, sham-operated side 30 days, but not 15 days, after surgery. Bone mineral content of the hemi-mandibular bones was significantly lower in the side ipsilateral to Gx in the group of rats killed on the 30th day after surgery. Since no difference in areas between innervated and denervated hemi-mandibles was found, bone mineral density was also significantly lower in the hemi-mandible ipsilateral to Gx. The results further support that a regional sympathectomy causes qualitative alterations in bone modeling and remodeling, leading to bone resorption.Fil: Ladizesky, Marta Graciela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Cutrera, Rodolfo Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Boggio, Veronica Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Mautalen, Carlos Alfredo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentin
Auditory deprivation modifies biological rhythms in the golden hamster
No full textTo assess to what extent auditory sensory deprivation affects biological rhythmicity, sleep-wakefulness cycle and 24 h rhythm in locomotor activity were examined in golden hamsters after bilateral cochlear lesion. An increase in total sleep time as well as a decrease in wakefulness (W) were associated to an augmented number of W episodes, as well as of slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) episodes in deaf hamsters. The number of episodes of the three behavioural states and the percent duration of W and SWS increased significantly during the light phase of daily photoperiod only. Lower amplitudes of locomotor activity rhythm and a different phase angle as far as light off were found in deaf hamsters kept either under light-dark photoperiod or in constant darkness. Period of locomotor activity remained unchanged after cochlear lesions. The results indicate that auditory deprivation disturbs photic synchronization of rhythms with little effect on the clock timing mechanism itself.Fil: Cutrera, Rodolfo Angel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas. Laboratorio de Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pedemonte, M.. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Vanini, G.. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Goldstein, N.. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Savorini, Daniel Mario. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas. Laboratorio de Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Cardinali, D. P.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas. Laboratorio de Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Velluti, R. A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas. Laboratorio de Neurociencias; Argentin
Effect of Interferon-γ Treatment on 24-Hour Variations in Plasma ACTH, Growth Hormone, Prolactin, Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone of Male Rats
Full text linkInterferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a cytokine produced by T helper cells on antigenic challenge that may affect the release of several pituitary hormones. However, in vitro or in vivo studies have yielded disparate results with stimulatory, inhibitory or absent effects of IFN on pituitary hormone release. One of the reasons for these discrepancies could be that hormone changes were commonly assessed at a single time point in the day-night cycle. In this study we measured the circadian pattern of plasma ACTH, growth hormone (GH), prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) at 6 different time points within a 24-hour cycle in adult male Wistar rats. METHODS: Groups of 6-8 rats kept under light from 08:00 to 20:00 h daily received 5 daily injections intraperitoneally of human IFN-gamma (10(5) IU/kg body weight) or saline at 08:30 h. Plasma ACTH, GH, prolactin, LH and FSH levels were measured by a homologous specific double antibody RIA. RESULTS: A factorial ANOVA for main effects indicated a significant 43% increase of circulating prolactin in IFN-gamma-treated rats. Time of day changes were significant for the five hormones examined and these diurnal variations became altered by IFN-gamma administration, with a phase advance of ACTH peak, a suppression of the rest phase peak of GH, the appearance of a second peak of prolactin at an early phase of daily photoperiod, and the blunting of the 24-hour variations of plasma FSH. CONCLUSION: The data point out an effect of IFN-gamma on the mechanisms responsible for the circadian organization of pituitary hormone release.Fil: Cano, Pilar. No especifíca;Fil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Jimenez, Vanessa. No especifíca;Fil: Alvarez, Maria P.. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Cutrera, Rodolfo Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; ArgentinaFil: Esquifino, Ana I.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; Argentin
- …
