99 research outputs found
Surface Tension Chem Sci (2015) Paper
No full textExcel 2010 Spreadsheet containing data for seven figures appearing in: Chemical Science (2015) Precise, Contactless Measurements of the Surface Tension of Picolitre Aerosol Droplets Bryan R. Bzdek, Rory M. Power, Stephen H. Simpson, Jonathan P. Reid,* and C. Patrick Royall School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS UK Corresponding author: J. P. Reid ([email protected]
Telecommunications policy in Turkey: restructuring for economic growth. European Policy Paper #11, November 2006
No full textIntroduction. Modern telecommunications technology is now widely seen as a critical driver in economic development. However, the issues involved in the rapid deployment of this technology are complex and frequently highly controversial. While some of these issues are technical, the most difficult ones involve changing a legal and regulatory framework which was originally designed for different times and different technologies. The process of changing this framework necessarily involves disruptive change for existing service providers as well as substantial benefits for the economy at large. This paper seeks to discuss these issues in light of Turkey’s progress to date in taking advantage of advanced available telecommunications technology and the myriad productivity-enhancing services that are associated with it.(1) An important element in developing a more competitive and dynamic sector in Turkey has been the desire of the country to become a member of the European Union. This has encouraged changes in the telecommunications regulatory regime following the guidelines set out in Chapter 19 of the EU “acquis” for candidate members. Nonetheless, substantial further efforts are needed to complete and implement the desired regulatory framework, particularly as it affects the former government monopoly carrier, Turk Telekom, and the cable companies. A further limiting factor has been an overall investment climate in Turkey which has been characterized by a high level of uncertainty for most investors, regardless of size or nationality. Policy recommendations to help accelerate the deployment of telecommunications technology include a clear reaffirmation of the government’s priorities for the sector, a reduction in the level of ownership and regulatory uncertainty, strengthening the Board and Staff of the Telecommunications Authority, and reviewing policies which reduce the scope and increase the cost of telecommunication licenses
(The) man, his body, and his society: masculinity and the male experience in English and Scottish medicine c.1640-c.1780.
No full textThis thesis examines the relationship(s) between medicine, the body and societal codes of masculinity in England and Scotland between c.1640 and c.1780. It responds to the way in which the men in histories of post-1660 masculinity are often disembodied, and to the comparative absence of men’s gendered experiences from the history of medicine. Its findings show that in both centuries the experience of being a man with a body that was the site of health and sickness was an open, candid, and often communal, one, inside and outside of the formal medical encounter. Thus, and on both sides of 1700, ill men had full freedom in the pursuit and acceptance of medical, familial and social assistance, while their physical suffering, and associated emotional distress, was met with sympathy. With their sick bodies the sites of honest self-examination and open discussion, it was in part this very public nature of their sicknesses that allowed men, as a gender and as individuals, independence and agency in their non-commercial health care. Indeed, later-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century men suffered no constraints in their ability to respond to the vulnerabilities of their bodies, even where this involved behaviours or attributes allegedly associated with women and femininity, or inconsistent with ideals of active, independent, masculinity.
These findings indicate, therefore, great continuity across the period 1640-1780, and not only in masculine ideals of and involving the male corporeality. There seems to have been significant consistency across time in men’s social and medical experiences of both sickness and their pre-emptive preparation for it, and in an apparent collective self-confidence concerning their corporeal masculinity, their sex, and, possibly, even their sexual potential. Indeed, these sources suggest that seventeenth- and eighteenth-century men had a resilient sense of self-identity (and personal masculinity), conceptually separable from the corporeal body and its known fragilities
Re-thinking residential mobility : linking lives through time and space
No full textRory Coulter’s work on this paper was partly supported by an Economic and Social Research Council grant [ES/L009498/1]. Maarten van Ham’s contribution was supported by funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007–2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 615159 (ERC Consolidator Grant DEPRIVEDHOODS, Socio-spatial inequality, deprived neighbourhoods, and neighbourhood effects); and from the Marie Curie programme under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007–2013) / Career Integration Grant no. PCIG10-GA-2011-303728 (CIG Grant NBHCHOICE, Neighbourhood choice, neighbourhood sorting, and neighbourhood effects). Allan Findlay’s work was supported by an Economic and Social Research Council grant [ES/K007394/1].While researchers are increasingly re-conceptualizing international migration, far less attention has been devoted to re-thinking short-distance residential mobility and immobility. In this paper we harness the life course approach to propose a new conceptual framework for residential mobility research. We contend that residential mobility and immobility should be re-conceptualized as relational practices that link lives through time and space while connecting people to structural conditions. Re-thinking and re-assessing residential mobility by exploiting new developments in longitudinal analysis will allow geographers to understand, critique and address pressing societal challenges.Peer reviewe
Reduction of a Cerium(III) Siloxide Complex To Afford a Quadruple-Decker Arene-Bridged Cerium(II) Sandwich
No full textbibtex: ISI:000416244200030 bibtex\location:'POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY',publisher:'WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH',type:'Article',affiliation:'Mazzanti, M (Reprint Author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Sci & Ingn Chim, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Kelly, Rory P.; Scopelliti, Rosario; Mazzanti, Marinella, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Sci & Ingn Chim, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Maron, Laurent, Inst Natl Sci Appl, Lab Phys & Chim Nanoobjets, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France.','author-email':'[email protected]',da:'2018-12-05','doc-delivery-number':'FN8BR',eissn:'1521-3773','funding-acknowledgement':'Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL); Swiss National Science Foundation [200021\₁57158]','funding-text':'We thank Dr. F. Fadaei Tirani for her contribution to the Xray single-crystal structure data collection and analyses. We thank Dr. Euro Solari for elemental analysis. L.M. is a member of the Institut Universitaire de France. CAlmip is acknowledged for a generous grant of computing time. This work was supported by the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) and by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant (number 200021\₁57158).','journal-iso':'Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.','keywords-plus':'OXIDATION-STATE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DIVALENT LANTHANIDE; AB-INITIO; LIGAND REORGANIZATION; DIURANIUM COMPLEXES; BONDING ENERGETICS; BUILDING-BLOCK; MULTIPLE BOND; METAL CENTER','number-of-cited-references':'66','orcid-numbers':'Mazzanti, Marinella/0000-0002-3427-008X','research-areas':'Chemistry','times-cited':'4','unique-id':'ISI:000416244200030','usage-count-last-180-days':'4','usage-count-since-2013':'22','web-of-science-categories':'Chemistry, Multidisciplinary'\International audienceOrganometallic multi-decker sandwich complexes containing f-elements remain rare, despite their attractive magnetic and electronic properties. The reduction of the Ce-III siloxide complex, [KCeL4] (1; L = OSi(OtBu)(3)), with excess potassium in a THF/toluene mixture afforded a quadruple-decker arene-bridged complex, [K(2.2.2-crypt)](2)[\(KL3Ce)(mu-eta(6):eta(6)-C7H8)\(2)Ce] (3). The structure of 3 features a [Ce(C7H8)(2)] sandwich capped by [KL3Ce] moieties with a linear arrangement of the Ce ions. Structural parameters, UV/Vis/NIR data, and DFT studies indicate the presence of Ce-II ions involved in delta bonding between the Ce cations and toluene dianions. Complex 3 is a rare lanthanide multi-decker complex and the first containing non-classical divalent lanthanide ions. Moreover, oxidation of 1 by AgOTf (OTf = O3SCF3) yielded the Ce-IV complex, [CeL4] (2), showing that siloxide ligands can stabilize Ce in three oxidation states
John Wyclif on war and peace
No full textJohn Wyclif (c. 1330-84) was the foremost English intellectual of the late fourteenth century and is remembered as both an ecclesiastical reformer and a heresiarch. But, against the backdrop of the Hundred Years War, Wyclif also tackled the numerous ethical, legal and practical problems arising from war and violence. Since the fifth-century works of St Augustine of Hippo, Christian justifications of war had revolved around three key criteria: just cause, proper authority and correct intention. Utilising Wyclif's extensive Latin corpus, the author traces how and why Wyclif dismantled these three pillars of medieval just war doctrine, exploring his critique within the context of late medieval political thought and theology. Wyclif is revealed to be a thinker deeply concerned with the Christian virtues of sacrifice, suffering and charity, which ultimately led him to repudiate the concept of justified warfare in both theory and practice. The author thus changes the way we understand Wyclif, demonstrating that he created a coherent doctine of pacifism and non-resistance which was at that time unparallelled
Social policy and macroeconomics : the Irish experience
No full textThe remarkable performance of the Irish economy in recent years has attracted much attention. Within a 10-year period the economy went from an 18 percent unemployment rate to nearly full employment, while the ratio of debt to GDP fell from 120 percent to less than 50 percent. Inevitably, this success was also accompanied by problems, as infrastructure came under increasing stress, environmental difficulties became more evident, and a changing social structure resulted in some groups becoming increasingly marginalized. What worked and what did not? In particular, are there lessons that may be relevant for other countries facing similar difficulties, especially in Asia and Latin America? McCarthy focuses on three features of Ireland's economic achievements. Two of these features are external: the opening to Europe and the role of foreign direct investment. The third and perhaps most"exportable"feature is domestic: the role of a social pact. This pact was initially between employers, trade unions, and the government. Subsequent pacts were extended to include a variety of other groups. McCarthy discusses the far-reaching impact of this series of pacts on health, poverty, employment, education, and social welfare. Ireland now faces a number of challenges, including the slowdown in the global economy, a fall in resource transfers from the European Union, and the potential effects of the entry into the EU of Hungary and Poland.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Health Promotion,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Poverty Assessment,National Governance
Coeliccia junis Dow 2020, sp. nov.
No full textCoeliccia junis sp. nov. (Figs 1–3, 10–11, 16–19, 24, 26–27, 32–33, 35, 38–39, 42–43, 46, 52) Type material: Holotype: Ƌ (SAR018_PCD101), near small brown water pool near main “Day 4” stream near Bukit Nyegoh and Bukit Jugam, Bukit Mina Wild Life Corridor, Planted Forest Project, Bintulu Division, Sarawak, approximate coordinates 2.7884N, 113.3151E, ca. 90–110m a.s.l., 10 viii 2018, leg. Cheong Yi Wei, in RMNH. Paratypes. (2 ƋƋ): 2 ƋƋ (SAR18_PCD27–28), in low pH swamp forest beside tributary to Sungai Menaung, Binyo Penyilam, Bintulu Division, Sarawak, Malaysia, approximate coordinates 2.931N, 113.3903E, ca. 30m a.s.l., 20 i 2018, leg. RAD, in coll. Dow. Etymology: Junis, a noun in apposition, named for Joanes Unggang (date of birth 16 vi 1978), friend of the author and facilitator of both the trips on which material of this new species was collected. Junis (“Joo-nis”) is the local pronunciation of Joanes’ name in the Sungai Katibas area of Sarawak, where he comes from. Description of holotype male. Head (Figs 1–3): Labium cream except hooks of labial palps, which are black. Labrum shining black. Mandible bases shining black with grey area lower anterior corner. Clypeus black except faint grey central mark on anteclypeus. Genae shining black except immediately adjacent to mandible bases where very dark brown. Pale blue band running from eye margin to clypeus and narrowly above lateral ca. one quarter of clypeus on either side (Fig. 2). Antenna black with top part of scape and base of pedicel whitish, top of pedicel brown. Frons and vertex mostly black, with irregular, incomplete pale marking from lateral margin lateral ocellus running behind antennae to eye margin as shown in Fig. 1. Ocelli whitish. Pale yellow, elongate oval, transverse postocular spots. Underside of head (Fig. 3) black with pale marks at eye margin and behind mandible bases, these narrowly connected to small pale marks beside point of attachment of prothorax. Thorax: Prothorax (Figs 10–11) with propleuron yellow except small dark mark in lower rear corner and black adjacent to posterior pronotal lobe. Posterior and anterior pronotal lobes black, except narrowly laterally on anterior lobe, where yellow. Anterior carina of anterior pronotal lobe almost reaching same level as main part (Fig. 11). Upper part of notopleural projection just present as small rounded lump. Middle lobe yellow laterally, black dorsally posteriorly with hemispherical, dome-like, bulge on either side bearing many short tubercles (Fig. 11). Posterior pronotal lobe simple, collar like, free margin slightly raised relative to the rest. Synthorax (Figs 16–17) with mesepisternum black with large blue antehumeral markings (Fig. 16), extending from near mesostigmal plates to ca. apex of antealar triangle, outer margin following mesepleural suture for most of length, inner margin irregularly excised centrally. Mesepimeron largely black except narrowly blue above the interpleural suture for some distance and tiny pale mark in upper corner adjacent to antealar carina (Fig. 17). Metepisternum largely blue with black stripe running from antealar carina most of way towards spiracle and narrowly black adjacent to antealar carina. Metepimeron and venter of synthorax pale yellow. Mesokatepisternum black except lower corner adjacent to metepisternum where pale yellowish, Metakatepisternum entirely pale. Legs with coxae and trochanters almost entirely pale, femur most-ly pale with black stripe along extensor surface, dark spines and black stripe along outer flexor surface in distal ca. 2/3 of anterior femur only, tibia mostly pale, dark spines and dark brown on most of flexor surface, tarsi pale with obscure darker areas, claws brown, spines dark. Wings with arc situated slightly distal to Ax 2 (only very slightly distal in right Hw). Fw with 16 Px, Hw with 14 (left) or 15 (right) Px. Two to three post quadrilateral cells in all wings. R 4 arising very slightly distal (Fw) or very slightly proximal (Hw) to Sn. Pt black with narrow irregular white margin, broad, almost a rhombus, covering one and a half to two underlying cells except in right Fw where it covers ca. two thirds of one exceptionally large underlying cell. Abdomen (Figs 26–27): S1 (visible in Fig. 17) pale yellowish except black in narrow apical annulus including posterior carina and area behind, narrowly on dorsum. S2 pale yellowish laterally except small dark brown subtriangular area basally immediately above margin of tergite, becoming brown dorsally, this widest apically; narrow pale stripe centrally on dorsum subbasally. S3–7 pale lower laterally (e.g. immediately above lower margin of tergite), becoming brown dorsally, pale basal annulus, interrupted dorsally, and pair very faint pale subapical dorsal markings, on each segment. S8 pale lower laterally, this becoming blue apically, otherwise black (Fig. 27). S9 black basally with obscure pale area laterally, remainder pale blue, black extending central dorsally to ca. half segment length, posterior carina black but area behind blue (Figs 26–27). S10 pale blue with narrow dark brown areas at apical margin (Figs 26–27). Very broad and relatively long, black, slightly bi-lobed epiproct visible in dorsal view (Fig. 32, clearer in Fig. 33 which shows a paratype, Fig. 35 shows a sketch of the epiproct in dorsal view made from the same paratype) and raised up so just visible in lateral view (indicated with a white line in Fig. 38) as well. Cerci (Figs 32, 38) mostly blue, dark interiorly, narrowly black above apically; basal tooth present but hidden under epiproct so that only visible in an end-on view, strong central ventral interior tooth with apex before half-length, visible in lateral view (Fig. 38). In dorsal view (Fig. 32) each cercus subrectangular, apex at outer side, distinct ridge running diagonally forwards from apex part way to inner margin. In lateral view (Fig. 38) cercus tapering slightly from base to rounded apex, almost missile shaped. Paraprocts (Figs 38, 42) mostly whitish in visible parts, tips reaching same level of those of cerci, turned inwards and slightly down apically; in ventral view running almost straight after base along outer margin before turning abruptly but smoothly inwards towards apices (Fig. 42), contracting to strongly in-turned apices along inner margin from ca. two-thirds length, so that the inner margin is a semicircle in this part, the apices almost touching (Fig. 42). In lateral view paraprocts (Fig. 38) with lower margin running gently upwards from base to point of down turn, but along upper margin with an abrupt, step-like contraction just before one-third length, thereafter tapering gradually towards apices. In ventral view apical part of paraprocts appearing narrow, but actually rather flattened so that this is an artefact of the view (see Fig. 32). Genital ligula: only examined in a paratype (Fig. 24), of typical form for the Coeliccia membranipes –group (also see Fig. 1 in Dow 2016). Measurements (mm): Abdomen with anal appendages 35, Hw 21. Female. Unknown. Variation in paratypes. Note that the two paratypes (SAR18_PCD27 is shown in Figs 18–19, 24, 33, 35 and 43, SAR18_PCD 28 in Fig. 46) are somewhat discoloured after being stored in suboptimal conditions for some time and subsequently treated for fungus. The interior excision in the inner margin of the antehumeral stripes in both paratypes is a slightly different shape to that in the holotype (compare Figs 16 and 18). There are a few other, insignificant, differences in markings that are not discussed further here. The pterostigma in one paratype is shorter and deeper in all wings than in the holotype, and brown rather than black, in the other paratype the pterostigma is of similar shape to the holotype in all but one wing but is greyish brown. In both paratypes the epiproct is directed more strongly upwards than in the holotype so that it is more visible in lateral view (compare Figs 38 and 39), since it seems likely that the epiproct is capable of some movement this may merely be the result of its position at preservation rather than genuine variation. In one paratype the epiproct is largely pale rather than black. The apices of the paraprocts are not so strongly in-turned in one (compare Figs 42 and 43). Measurements (mm): 16–18 Px in Fw, 15–16 in Hw; abdomen without anal appendages 35; Hw 21.5–22. Diagnosis. Within the Coeliccia membranipes –group the male of C. junis is readily separated from those of C. membranipes, C. nemoricola (and allied forms) and C. cyaneothorax by its excised antehumeral markings. It is also separated from the aforementioned taxa and from C. nigrohamata, C. matok Dow, 2016, C. octogesima (Selys, 1863), C. paludensis Dow, 2016 and C. resecta by its broad epiproct. The size of the epiproct also separates C. junis from C. macrostigma Laidlaw, 1918 and C. roberti sp. nov., but in these species the epiproct is also broad although nowhere near so large. Coeliccia junis is also separated from C. roberti by the position of the ventral tooth on the cercus and indeed the details and position of this tooth also separate it from most other species in the group. In C. macrostigma the ventral tooth of the cercus is in a similar position to that of C. junis but shaped differently and the apex of the cercus is also a different shape (compare Figs 38–39 here with Fig. 60 in Dow (2016)) and the paraprocts are also different (compare Figs 42–43 here with Fig. 65 in Dow (2016)). Remarks. To expand upon the characters mentioned in the diagnosis, the details of the male antehumeral markings of Coeliccia junis also clearly separate it from all named species in the C. membranipes –group, even those where these markings are excised (for instance compare Figs 16 and 18 here with Figs 35, 37 and 39 in Dow (2016)), however since there is clearly some variation in the markings of C. junis this character is not stressed in the diagnosis. Another character that appears to separate C. junis from both C. macrostigma and C. roberti is that the underside of the head is less extensively pale than in those species (compare Fig. 3 here with Fig. 9 and with Fig. 7 in Dow (2016)), however this character is not unique within the C. membranipes –group (for instance see Fig. 13 in Dow (2016)) and is therefore not more generally diagnostic. The shape of the anterior pronotal lobe viewed dorsally (Fig. 10) is unusual in C. junis. In most species from the C. membranipes –group the sides of the main raised part of the anterior pronotal lobe converge slightly after the anterior carina or remain approximately parallel (sometimes rounded) to the rear in dorsal view but in C. junis they diverge; this character is shared, at least among named species, with only (both sexes of) C. paludensis (see Figs. 27 and 33 in Dow (2016)). The dome-like bulges on the middle pronotal lobe are also unusual in the C. membranipes group but are shared with C. macrostigma (both sexes) and C. roberti (where they are only present in the male). The very large epiproct of C. junis is unusual and highly distinctive. The only other C. membranipes –group species with an epiproct that is both broad and often visible in dorsal view are C. macrostigma (see Fig. 59 in Dow (2016)) and C. roberti, but in these the epiproct is significantly smaller and less conspicuous than in C. junis. Since it is not very clear in the dorsal views of the anal appendages, Figs 35–37 show sketches of the epiproct in paratypes of C. junis (Fig. 35), C. roberti (Fig. 37) with C. nigrohamata (Fig. 26), which has a typical epiproct for the group, included for comparison The ventral view of the cercus unobscured by the paraprocts shown in Fig. 46 is instructive as to the structure of the diagnostically important ventral expansion of the cercus, in this view it is revealed to be the most expanded part of a long ridge or fold. The general form is typical for the C. membranipes –group at least, with the expansion bearing a tooth in its basal part, but the position of the expansion in C. junis is unusually basal compared to most species of the C. membranipes –group, more of it is typically visible in lateral view than in some species (often only the apex of the tooth is visible in this view) and the tooth is large. Coeliccia junis is only known from two locations in Bintulu Division, Sarawak, where it occurs at very low densities. At Binyo Penyilam it was found in low pH swamp forest beside a small stream; C. nigrohamata occurred on the stream in close proximity to the spot where C. junis was found. In the Bukit Mina Wild Life Corridor the holotype was collected at a small pool in a section of swampy (low pH) kerangas forest.Published as part of Dow, Rory A., 2020, Revision of the genus Coeliccia Kirby in Borneo part III: Two new species from the C. membranipes-group from Sarawak and Brunei (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae), pp. 473-492 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on pages 474-478, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/430645
Change in Northumbria : was Aldfrith of Northumbria's reign a period of innovation or did it merely reflect the development of processes already underway in the late seventh century?
No full textThis thesis looks at a period of Northumbrian history when the king was a part Irish, Iona trained scholar. Some have suggested that Aldfrith was assisted to the kingship by the northern victors of the battle of Nechtansmere. It examines processes in the late seventh century to try to identify changes that might have happened during the reign of this king.
The study begins with a wide overview of previous research to establish a basis from which to look for processes and change and also examines the sources available to us, written and archaeological. It then looks at the kingdoms to the north and west and at Aldfrith and the period of his reign. The suggestion is made that Aldfrith acted, with the Church, to cult saints that were Northumbrian and Romanist, as opposed to other options that might have been available. It proposes that the Northumbrians rejected opportunities to develop links with the north and west that may have been open to them. The following chapters then examine processes underway in Northumbria in three general areas; in the use of power, in society, and in the economy.
It concludes that although many processes continued as before, these sped up and in certain areas such as the production of coins, and the consequential development of trade, it was a period of innovation. There is no evidence of a focus to the north and west during Aldfrith’s reign and this has implications for how Aldfrith got to the throne, suggesting that it was with the support of the Northumbrian elite and not through the military strength of the Dál Riata or the Picts. The evidence is that Northumbria increasingly looked south for its influences and is prepared to absorb and implement processes and approaches from southern England, Gaul and Rome
DARK LEGACIES: TRACING ROOTS OF U.S. SETTLER COLONIALISM IN CONTEMPORARY TRIBAL ISSUES
No full textThesis (Ph.D.), Individual Interdisciplinary, Washington State UniversityDrawing on the traditions and perspectives of ethnic studies, history and anthropology, I examine historical roots of U.S. settler colonialism and how they shape contemporary tribal issues in the U.S. Driven by the forces of territoriality and occupation, colonial strategies and derivative mechanisms have fostered misconceptions about the unique socio-political status of tribal nations and, in turn, prompted a range of responses within Indigenous communities. Deconstructive analysis of works by non-Native and Indigenous scholars illuminates settler colonialism’s historical formation and lasting legacies. Tracing Indian responses and resistance reveals an extensive history of Indigenous perseverance that traces back 600 years and continues into the present day.
Two broad issues occupy the analysis: 1) U.S. colonial policy with its racializing legacy of “blood quanta” established during the Allotment Era in the late 1800s extends into present-day controversies surrounding eligibility requirements for tribal membership, and 2) varied colonial assaults on Indigenous cultural landscapes threaten traditional land-use treaty rights for hunting, fishing, and gathering on Indian, federal, and public lands, continuing to facilitate colonial strategies of appropriation, assimilation, and elimination that began as early as the 1600s.
I conclude this project with a contemporary example of strategic Indigenous agency by Colorado Southern Utes against U.S. settler colonial normalization and subjugation followed by valuable insights from Pawnee attorney, activist, tribal judge, and author, Walter Echo-Hawk. Final closing remarks punctuate the imperative of educating the non-Native public to recognize and acknowledge the role of settler colonialism in major contemporary tribal issues in order to clarify misconceptions, promote understanding, facilitate intercommunications, and encourage future collaboration with Indigenous nations in U.S. society.Washington State University, Individual Interdisciplinar
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