635 research outputs found
Cell-level path allocation in a three-stage ATM switch
No full textA method of cell-level path allocation for three-stage ATM switches has previously been proposed by the authors. The performance of ATM switches using this path allocation algorithm has been evaluated by simulation, and is described. Both uniform and non-uniform models of output loading are considered. The algorithm requires knowledge of the number of cells requesting each output module from a given input module. A fast method for counting the number of requests is described
Distribution and evolution of starspots on the RS CVn binary II Pegasi in 2004
No full textThis work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China through grants Nos. 10373023, 10773027 and 11333006, Chinese Academy of Sciences through project KJCX2-YW-T24.We present Doppler images of RS CVn-type binary II Peg based on two data sets obtained in 2004 February and November. In order to improve signal-to-noise ratio and reliability,we apply least-squares deconvolution technique to calculate average profiles from 2032 photospheric absorption lines. Both of the resulting surface images show a wide latitude distribution of starspots. Most spots are concentrated at a high-latitude belt above 60° and a low-latitude belt near equator. The starspots evolved dramatically between two observing runs, which may indicate shorter time-scale evolution in this epoch, especially for low-latitude belt. There is no stable preferred active longitude that can be found in our images. We also find out a possible phenomenon that the intermediate-latitude spot migrated poleward and merged with the high-latitude spot to make it stronger, which may reveal a more complex behaviour of starspots on II Peg. A potential change of orbital ephemeris zero-point was detected. This may imply an orbital period change of II Peg like other active close binaries.Peer reviewe
The Still Lifes of Edwaert Collier (1642-1708)
No full textDoctoral dissertation Author: Minna Tuominen Title: The Still Lifes of Edwaert Collier (1642 1708)
Among seventeenth-century Dutch still life painters Edwaert Collier is best known for his vanitas paintings. He also painted a considerable number of trompe l oeils. These paintings constitute the primary material for my thesis, along with the biographical records from Breda, Haarlem, Leiden, Amsterdam and London, all places where Collier lived. This research is an examination of the variety of and changes in Collier s production in his sub-genres and of the intriguing questions that his paintings raise. It explores how Collier succeeded in widespread art markets with his speciality in still life painting. This study offers new information on Edwaert Collier s oeuvre, his biography, the value of his still lifes among buyers and his position as an artist.
I have grouped Collier s works into four different themes: the vanitas motif of the overturned crown, the world of knowledge referred to by multiple texts, different modes of self-portraiture and the medium and subjects of trompe l oeil. The complementary approaches this study applies include iconology, studies in representing artist self-awareness, research into the material culture of the seventeenth century, and research into the seventeenth-century art market and art collecting. Contextualizing the depiction of the exchange and growth of wealth in a particular socio-historical situation has been considered as well.
A large number of Collier s preserved paintings (ca 180 registered) suggest continuous production and his willingness to seek out new pictorial solutions for his customers. Collier called upon a wide repertoire of themes derived from the tradition of the vanitas genre in his paintings, but he also managed to create an identifiable style of his own by using a few recognizable compositions and, over time, by including items with new connotations into his still lifes. Changes in his style reflect the trends of his time, which is best seen in his trompe l oeils and their connection to the impact of the English art market. His paintings gained fame among buyers because he merged traditional elements with contemporary sources from the society of his day in his works. In his paintings Collier included various sorts of texts, such as books, newspapers and parliamentary speeches, which together built up a system of citations and commentaries on the arts, religion and politics. Collier elevated his artistic status by representing himself as a learned man and he also signed his paintings in multiple ways. He incorporated his signature in the elements depicted, such as letters and almanacs, and he included his own portrait in his still lifes in such a way that it advertised his talents as a still life painter. Besides himself, Collier portrayed an impressive group of people, who were depicted in drawings, miniatures or prints which were placed conspicuously among the other still life objects or set illusionistically within the trompe l oeil representations. It was a conscious way of drawing attention to a certain ideology or fate which the depicted people represented, and it also positioned the painter himself as an erudite artist in an artistic continuum stretching from antiquity to the time in which he lived. This study presents Edwaert Collier as an active painter who captured various phenomena from his times in his still lifes.Tekijä: Minna Tuominen Väitöskirjatutkimus The Still Lifes of Edwaert Collier (c. 1640 1708) käsittelee hollantilaisen asetelmamaalari Edwaert Collierin taiteellista tuotantoa, jonka laajuudeksi voidaan tänä päivänä arvioida n. 180 teosta. Hänet tunnetaan parhaiten vanitas (lat. turhuus) ja trompe l oeil (ransk. silmän harhautus) -asetelmista. Tarkastelen taiteilijan valitsemien esittämistapojen kautta Collierin taiteilijakuvaa, sen syntymistä ja ylläpitoa, vertailemalla sitä kuvallisen esittämisen keinoihin, joilla taiteilijan asemaa ajan taidemarkkinoilla tuotettiin. Arvioin mitkä olivat Collierin menestymisen taustatekijät ja kuvastrategiset keinot kussakin historiallisessa tilanteessa, jossa hän eli ja johon hän teoksillaan otti kantaa. Lisäksi tutkin, millaisia kannanottoja yhteiskunnasta Collierin taiteessa välittyi. Edwaert Collierin teosten tutkimus tuo uutta tietoa Collierin tuotannosta ja elämänvaiheista, asetelmataiteen arvostuksesta ostajien keskuudessa sekä taiteilijan asemasta.
Collier syntyi Bredassa, siirtyi nuorena Haarlemin kautta Leideniin, ja 1690-luvulla Amsterdamin kautta Lontooseen. Arkistotutkimus näissä kaupungeissa on selvittänyt Collierin elämänkertatietoja, joihin Collier on viitannut myös teoksissaan. Tutkimukseni nojaa teosten analysointiin, jotka olen ryhmitellyt neljään eri teemaan: vanitas -motiivi ylösalaisen kruunun kuvauksena, maalatut tekstit oppineisuuteen viittauksina, omakuvauksen tavat ja trompe l oeil -aiheet ilmaisukeinoina. Käytän tutkimuksessa toisiaan täydentäviä lähestymistapoja, joita ovat ikonologia, taiteilija omakuvien tutkimus, materiaalisen kulttuurin tutkimus sekä 1600-luvun taiteen kaupan ja keräilyn tutkimus. Lisäksi kontekstualisoin teosanalyysejä kuhunkin sosiaalihistorialliseen tilanteeseen.
Tutkimusaineiston valossa Collier näyttäytyy aktiivisena taiteilijana, joka haki vaihtelevaa ostajakuntaansa miellyttäviä maalausratkaisuja kilpailussa porvarillisen taiteen markkinoilla. Collierin vanitas -asetelmien yksityiskohdat, kuten pääkallot, kirjat ja musiikki-instrumentit olivat hänen teostensa lähtökohtina, mutta hänen onnistui luoda itselleen tunnistettava tyyli, riittävästi toistamalla samankaltaisia kompositioita ja toisaalta, sekoittamalla jo tunnettuihin, traditionaalisiin kompositioihin uusilla merkityksillä varustettuja elementtejä, kuten tunnettujen henkilöiden muotokuvia ja uutislehtiä. Muutokset Collierin tyylissä heijastuvat ajan trendeistä, josta parhaimpana esimerkkinä ovat hänen 1690-luvun alun trompe l oeil -teokset. Teosten aiheissa näkyy hänen muuttonsa Lontooseen, sillä teoksiin ilmestyi runsaasti viittauksia englantilaiseen yhteiskuntaan. Collier sisällytti maalauksiinsa runsaasti erilaisia tekstejä, osia kirjoista, sanomalehdistä ja parlamentin puheista, jotka yhdessä muodostavat lainauksien ja kommenttien verkoston milloin taiteesta, uskonnosta tai politiikasta. Collier kohotti omaa taiteellista statustaan sekä esittämällä itsensä oppineena taiteilijana että signeeraamalla teoksensa monin erikoisin tavoin, muun muassa upottamalla nimensä kuvattuihin objekteihin, kuten kirjeisiin vastaanottajaksi tai almanakkoihin omistajaksi. Omakuvissa hän esittää itsensä mainosluontoisesti asetelmamaalarina. Collier maalasi myös muita merkkihenkilöitä kuva-kuvassa tekniikalla, esittämällä heidät illusionistisesti piirroksina, etsauksina, tai miniatyyreinä, esineinä muiden asetelmassa esitettyjen objektien joukossa. Kuvatuista tunnetuimpia ovat Kaarle I ja Erasmus Rotterdamilainen. Tällä tavoin Collier painotti kuvattujen henkilöiden ideologiaa tai yhteiskunnallista asemaa ja kohtaloa, joka samalla osoitti hänen itsensä olevan tietoisesti maalaava, sivistynyt taiteilija. Näin hän myös asetti itsensä kuvataiteiden kaanoniin, jonka paremmuudesta sisartaiteiden joukossa käytiin keskustelua edelleen 1600-luvulla.
Tämä tutkimus todistaa Collierin olleen aikaansa seuraava ja muuntumiskykyinen taiteilija, joka vangitsi useita oman aikansa ilmiöitä asetelmiinsa. Hänen maalauksensa olivat suosittuja ostajien parissa, koska hän yhdisti traditionaalisiin teoksiin helposti tunnistettavia historiallisia tai oman aikansa yhteiskunnallisia merkityksiä kekseliäissä yksityiskohdissa.ei saavutettav
Evaluating the Ecological Impacts of Cultivating Genetically Modified Herbicide Tolerant (GMHT) Oilseed Rape and Maize: (2007-B-DS-1-S1) STRIVE Report
No full textThis report is published as part of the Science, Technology, Research and Innovation for the
Environment (STRIVE) Programme 2007–2013.Author has checked copyrigh
Impact of the International Coffee Agreement's export quota system on the World's coffee market
No full textEx-post simulations of the global coffee model over the recent period of operation of the International Coffee Agreement's export quota system, (1981-86) show the following. The quota system had a stabilizing effect on world coffee prices in the 1981-85 period. In 1986, when coffee prices increased sharply due to the drought in Brazil and the export quotas were suspended, prices would have been 24 percent higher in the absence of quotas over the 1981-85 period. However, the quotas have reduced export revenues (in real terms), except for such large producers as Brazil and Colombia. These countries gained form the scheme because they face very small or even zero marginal export revenues from increased exports, due to their large market shares. In projections of the coffee market, with and without the export quota system, prices would be substantially lower during the first half of the 1990s if the quota system were suspended in 1990. But prices would recover in the second half of the decade as production and exports declined in lagged response to the very low prices of the first half.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Markets and Market Access,Access to Markets,Crops&Crop Management Systems
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Sense and Separability: Clarifying Star Athletica Amongst Lower Court Confusion
No full textCopyright law is designed to protect the artistic, the creative. For centuries, courts have been careful to avoid granting copyright protection to systems or processes better suited to patent protection. For instance, in a book explaining how to build a house, the text of the book as creative expression would be copyrightable. However, copyright protection would not extend to the actual system or process for building the house. This idea-expression dichotomy becomes more complicated in cases of useful articles with design elements. In the 1954 case Mazer v. Stein, the Supreme Court first addressed the need to physically and/or mentally separate the utilitarian and ornamental elements to determine which aspects, if any, may be copyrighted. This case led to the codification of separability in the Copyright Act of 1976; § 101 requires that a copyrightable pictorial, graphic, and sculptural work (“PGS work”) contain “sculptural features that can be identified separately from, and are capable of existing independently of, the utilitarian aspects of the article.” Despite this attempt at clarification, a nine-way circuit split emerged, with courts— as well as the Copyright Office itself—taking various approaches to the separability analysis. In fact, the Second Circuit developed three different approaches itself, each attempting to identify the supremacy of the artistic or creative elements over the utilitarian aspects of a work in order to award it copyright protection
Sense and Separability: Clarifying Star Athletica Amongst Lower Court Confusion
No full textCopyright law is designed to protect the artistic, the creative. For centuries, courts have been careful to avoid granting copyright protection to systems or processes better suited to patent protection. For instance, in a book explaining how to build a house, the text of the book as creative expression would be copyrightable. However, copyright protection would not extend to the actual system or process for building the house. This idea-expression dichotomy becomes more complicated in cases of useful articles with design elements. In the 1954 case Mazer v. Stein, the Supreme Court first addressed the need to physically and/or mentally separate the utilitarian and ornamental elements to determine which aspects, if any, may be copyrighted. This case led to the codification of separability in the Copyright Act of 1976; § 101 requires that a copyrightable pictorial, graphic, and sculptural work (“PGS work”) contain “sculptural features that can be identified separately from, and are capable of existing independently of, the utilitarian aspects of the article.” Despite this attempt at clarification, a nine-way circuit split emerged, with courts— as well as the Copyright Office itself—taking various approaches to the separability analysis. In fact, the Second Circuit developed three different approaches itself, each attempting to identify the supremacy of the artistic or creative elements over the utilitarian aspects of a work in order to award it copyright protection
Rivulus mahdiaensis Suijker & Collier, 2006, new species
No full textRivulus mahdiaensis, new species (Figure 1) Holotype. ZMA 123.720 (Allotype, ZMA 123.721; Paratype, ZMA 123.722) Guyana, Mazaruni-Potaro District, Blackwater Creek, tributary of the Potaro River, on 5 miles from Mahdia crossing the road from Mahdia to Garroway Stream, 5° 21’ 11” N and 59 ° 08’48” W. Field code Guy 95/11. Coll W. Suijker & Y. Suijker-Jansen, 1995 April 12 at 14.00 hours. 3 Paratypes. FMNH 113582, FMNH113583 and FMNH113584. Guyana, Mazaruni-Potaro District, Blackwater Creek, tributary of the Potaro River, on 5 miles from Mahdia crossing the road from Mahdia to Garroway Stream, 5° 21’ 11” N and 59 ° 08’48” W. Field code Guy 95/11. Coll W. Suijker & Y. Suijker-Jansen, 1995 April 12 at 14.00 hours. 3 Paratypes. ZMA 123.853, ZMA 123.854 and ZMA 123.855 Guyana, Mazaruni-Potaro District, Blackwater Creek, tributary of the Potaro River, on 5 miles from Mahdia crossing the road from Mahdia to Garroway Stream, 5° 21’ 11” N and 59 ° 08’48” W. Field code Guy 95/11. Coll W. Suijker & Y. Suijker-Jansen, 1995 April 12 at 14.00 hours. Diagnosis Males of Rivulus mahdiaensis differ from all other species of the genus Rivulus by their unique long and lyre-shaped caudal fin with filaments and by the elongated unpaired fins. Females show a narrow dark lateral band and share this distinctive characteristic only with Rivulus frenatus, R. xiphidius and perhaps R. campelloi (Huber 1992). Females of Rivulus mahdiaensis have an ocellus on the dorsal part of the caudal peduncle. This is unusual because the small species of the Guyana plateau have no ocellus on the caudal peduncle. This ocellus is often present in females of many species of Rivulus and hence is often called a “ Rivulus spot”. The meristics (D 6-7, A 8-9 and D/A 4-5) (Table 1) are lower than those of the other small species on the Guyana plateau (Table 2). Comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences place this species as a member of a monophyletic clade which includes R. agilae, geayi Vaillant, frenatus, xiphidius Huber and lyricauda Thomerson, Berkenkamp & Taphorn. R. mahdiaensis possesses a unique karyotype (2n=38) among members of this group. Description This new species is small and slender and has a uniquely shaped caudal fin. All rays of the caudal are proportionately longer than for most Rivulus while the dorsal and ventral rays are extended to an even greater degree in mature males. Thus, it is the first record of a Rivulus species with an exaggerated lyre tail. The dorsal and anal fin rays are also uniquely elongated. The longest anal fin rays of mature males are at least 150% of the body depth at anal fin origin, whereas in all other known species of the genus they are less than 100% of the body depth. Coloration Live colors. Male: The sides are blue reflective and show five or six continuous lines. The three upper lines are red. The lower lip is black and a wide stripe runs via the eyes to the gill covers where it splits into two lines and ends at anal fin height. These two lower lines are more dark red to black on the sides before they merge to one red band posterior to the anal fin and continue through the mid-lower portion of the caudal fin. The lyre shaped caudal fin has the following color pattern. There is a yellow stripe along the dorsal margin which continues to the end of the dorsal extension, followed interiorly by a blue stripe and then a red one. The ventral margin of the caudal is also yellow which continues to the end of the ventral extension, followed interiorly by a blue stripe and then a red one. The middle part of the caudal is greenish. The elongated dorsal fin is reflective blue with a many red spots. The elongated anal fin is yellow distally and blue basally with a few red spots. The ventral fins are yellow with some red spots. The pectoral fins are clear. The dorsum is brown and the belly is dirty white. Female: dorsum and sides are light brown with irregular dark spots that form a pattern of diagonal bands. There is a black band on the lower lip, which runs, as in the males, via the eye to the lower part of the base of the caudal fin. Above this band there are two lines of indistinct red spots. The caudal fin is clear and shows irregular black markings that form three vertical-lines. On each fin ray between the vertical-lines is a light yellow spot. Females also have an ocellus on the dorsal part of the caudal peduncle. This ocellus is often present in females of many species of Rivulus and hence is often called a “ Rivulus spot”. The proximal 1/3 of the anal fin is light blue with two rows of dark spots. The distal 2/3 is dark red. The dorsal fin is clear with irregular red spots. The ventral and pectoral fins are clear. Color in alcohol. Males: Sides are light brown, on the lower part there are two or three rows of dark red spots, no longitudinal band is visible. All fins are clear without spots. Females are light brown with darker brown spots with no visible longitudinal stripe. All fins are clear, except the caudal fin, which has the same pattern as in life. The holotype and allotype have a D type pattern of frontal scalation (sensu Hoedeman 1958). The other specimens were not examined for this character as it is no longer used in diagnostic keys. Etymology Rivulus mahdiaensis is named after the village Mahdia near where it was discovered. Distribution and habitat The type locality of Rivulus mahdiaensis is a small black water creek, called Blackwater Creek, near the village of Mahdia. This creek is a tributary of the Potaro River, 4 miles above Kangaruma landing, on the right bank of the Potaro River, Mazaruni-Potaro District, Guyana. The location is about 250 meters above sea level. Rivulus mahdiaensis was collected in the shallow parts of this black water forest-creek between the roots of plants growing at the bank of the creek (Fig. 2). We also caught them in little pools along the banks of the creek. They prefer the dark parts of the biotope. Rivulus waimacui, Apistogramma ortmanni, Nannacara bimaculata, Poecilocharax bovalli were caught in the same creek. The temperature of the water was 25° C. at 14.00 hours. The pH was 4.5 and the Total Dissolved Solids was <1DH. A second location of this new species was found in 1997 along the road between Bartica and Garraway Stream by the author and his wife Y. Suijker-Jansen, F. Vermeulen and M. Vermeulen. This location is another blackwater creek, north of the Potaro River, which crosses the road from Bartica to Mahdia at 77 miles from Bartica (Fig. 3). No specimens were preserved from this second location. This species may have a very limited distribution or be uncommon where it is found as no other collections of R. mahdiaensis were made at the eight different sites around Mahdia and along the road from Bartica to Mahdia visited during collecting trips of 1991, 1995, and 1997. Aquarium behavior Rivulus mahdiaensis is a peaceful species, which can be kept in a group of several pairs. Sometimes there is some aggression or competition between the males but they do not appear to damage each other. They do not like bright light. The pH of the water must be around 6 and temperature around 23° C. Under aquarium conditions they lay their eggs (~2 mm in diameter) in plants with fine leafs, like Vesicularia dubyana (Java moss). They will also spawn in artificial spawning mops made of yarn depositing eggs in the top and at the bottom. The eggs develop in 18 to 21 days. The newly hatched fry are immediately able to take Artemia nauplii. Young fish have the plainer pattern of females until ten to twelve weeks of age when the color pattern of males begins to appear. Discussion One of the hallmarks of the genus Rivulus is morphometric homogeneity (Huber, 1992). However, R. mahdiaensis is easily distinguished from related small species of Rivulus by the following criteria. It differs from Rivulus breviceps, Rivulus lyricauda, Rivulus agilae, Rivulus torenticola Vermeulen & Isbrücker, Rivulus gransabanae Lasso, Taphorn & Thomerson, Rivulus frenatus and Rivulus xiphidius by its lower number of dorsal and anal fin rays as well as a more anterior insertion of the dorsal fin relative to the anal fin (D/A metric of Huber, 1992). The low number of lateral line scales (30) in R. mahdiaensis is similar to that of R. lyricauda (30.6) and R. xiphidius while this number averages greater than 31 for the other species listed above (Huber 1992) (Table 2). Females of R. mahdiaensis have a caudal ocellus as do R. agilae and R. geayi. However, it is lacking in females of R. lyricauda, R. frenatus, R. xiphidius, R. gransabanae, and R. torenticola. R. mahdiaensis also differs from all of these species by body shape, shape of anal and dorsal fin and shape and color pattern of the caudal fin. R. mahdiaensis represents a unique and distinct phenotype within the genus Rivulus. The color pattern, especially that of the female, suggested a relationship with R. frenatus and R. xiphidius, as females of these species also are characterized by a broad, dark longitudinal stripe on the sides. The broad dark longitudinal stripe also appears in R. lyricauda when it is stressed (Thomerson et al. 1991). Although R. lyricauda has modest extensions to the dorsal and ventral rays of the caudal, these extensions are not as long as those of R. mahdiaensis nor are the rays of all unpaired fins as elongated. All four of these species are also characterized by having very dark to black lips. The molecular phylogeny of R. mahdiaensis and some of its related species reveals considerable congruence with the morphological features discussed above (Fig. 4). The closest relative among the species sampled is R. lyricauda, the only other species of Rivulus with a clear tendency to form a lyre shaped caudal fin. These two sister taxa are members of a monophyletic group that also includes R. frenatus, R xiphidius, R. agilae, R. geayi, and R. strigatus. [We are aware that R. strigatus Regan has been synonymized with R. geayi (Huber 1992), however the two geographically distinct populations used for the DNA sequencing (Guyana and Belem, Brazil) displayed significant sequence differences and we retained the name strigatus in Fig. 4] The ten taxa represented in Figure 4 and rooted in that figure with R. cylindraceus and R. roloffi when placed in the larger context of the family Rivulidae, represents a monophyletic clade that diverged from other members of the family early in its history (Murphy et al., 1999: Hrbek and Larsen, 1999). Rivulus breviceps, and R. gransabanae are also members of this group based upon independent sequence data (Hrbek et al., 2004), but were not available for inclusion in this analysis. Rivulus torenticola may also be a member of this group. The reduced chromosome number seen for R. mahdiaensis (Fig. 5a) is an unusual karyotype in that Rivulus karyotypes rarely show reduction in chromosome number below 2n=44 (Scheel 1972, Collier, unpublished data). However, within the group of ten taxa shown in Figure 4, most members have reduced chromosome numbers. This reduction is minimal for three species in this clade which have most recently diverged from each other [R. agilae is 2n=44 (Zoch et al. 1989), R. geayi is 2n=42 (Fig. 5f), R. strigatus from Belem is 2n=42 (Fig. 5e)], whereas it is more pronounced for R. mahdiaensis and the three other related species [R. mahdiaensis is 2n=38 (Fig. 5a), R. lyricauda is 2n=40 (Fig. 5b), R. frenatus and R. xiphidius are both 2n=30 (Fig. 5c & d),]. Within this latter group R. mahdiaensis is also distinctive in possessing a pair of an exceptionally large acrocentric chromosome not evident in the other karyotypes examined. One of the remaining species, R. rectocaudatus (Fels & de Rham, 1982), is reported to also be 2n=38.Published as part of W. H. Suijker & G. E. Collier, 2006, Rivulus mahdiaensis, a new killifish from central Guyana (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)., pp. 1-13 in Zootaxa 1246 on pages 3-1
You don't know how it feels to be me: an exploration of those who belong to online groups and communities dedicated to student loan debt information dissemination and reform
No full textStudent loan debt has become a topic of great economic and social concern. With this debt surpassing 40,000 or less in debt and those who are above $40,000 in debt. This research has uncovered educational attainment differences with those who have less debt having generally earned only a bachelor’s degree whereas those who are more indebted holding master's degrees. Financially, statistical differences are found between yearly gross earnings, monthly savings, percent of monthly income to repay student loan debt, percent of max credit card debt, and FICO score category. Additionally found were differences in reporting to ignore health concerns, in stress levels, and in political behaviors and beliefs. Deeper exploration of these differences suggest that for each group different variables have influenced borrowing, monthly savings, ignoring health, stress levels, and political beliefs and behaviors. Discussion focuses on connections to previous research and explores some of the more unique findings, such as for the more indebted group enrollment in income-based repayment promotes ignoring health concerns. Recommendations and implications focus on the wider contributions to the field and future research suggestions.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2018-08-01The student, Daniel Collier, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-14 at 09:26.The student, Daniel Collier, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-07-14 at 09:33.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-07-15 at 09:03.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9935 on 2016-11-10 at 12:20:39Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T18:27:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Using teaching case studies for management research
No full textTeaching case studies are widely deployed in business schools. They are
contextually rich in detail, and students learn by applying and adapting
theoretical concepts to specific business situations described in the case. This
article proposes a new way to use teaching case studies, as research materials
for academics. The article addresses three questions: (1) Can teaching cases be
used as an alternative to field research? (2) When can teaching case studies be
used as secondary data? and (3) How can teaching case studies be used as
secondary data? The article concludes that teaching case studies are an
unexploited and readily available source of research data, a source which should
be considered when going into the field and gathering primary data is not
possible
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