174 research outputs found
Two tropical species of Stephanotheca (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Lanceoporidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia
No full textCumming, Robyn L. (2015): Two tropical species of Stephanotheca (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Lanceoporidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Zootaxa 3948 (2): 279-286, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3948.2.
New encrusting species of Lanceoporidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia
No full textCumming, Robyn L., Sebastian, Pascal (2018): New encrusting species of Lanceoporidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa 4500 (1): 104-114, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4500.1.
Calyptotheca Harmer 1957
No full textGenus Calyptotheca Harmer, 1957 Type species. Schizoporella nivea var. wasinensis Waters, 1913, by original designation as Calyptotheca wasinensis (Waters, 1913). Diagnosis. We follow the diagnosis provided by Cumming & Tilbrook (2014).Published as part of Cumming, Robyn L. & Sebastian, Pascal, 2018, New encrusting species of Lanceoporidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia, pp. 104-114 in Zootaxa 4500 (1) on page 105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/529737
Six species of Calyptotheca (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Lanceoporidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria and northern Australia, with description of a new species
No full textCumming, Robyn L., Tilbrook, Kevin J. (2014): Six species of Calyptotheca (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Lanceoporidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria and northern Australia, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3827 (2): 147-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.2.
FIGURE 2. Stephanotheca bahloo n in New encrusting species of Lanceoporidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia
No full textFIGURE 2. Stephanotheca bahloo n. sp. Holotype (MTQ G101186). A. Autozooids, ovicellate zooid and dimorphic zooid (centre left). B. Primary orifice and avicularium. C. Ovicellate orifice. D. Ovicellate zooids. E. Orifice of dimorphic zooid shown in A. F. Primary orifice condyle.Published as part of Cumming, Robyn L. & Sebastian, Pascal, 2018, New encrusting species of Lanceoporidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia, pp. 104-114 in Zootaxa 4500 (1) on page 109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/529737
Stephanotheca romajoyae Cumming, 2015, n. sp.
No full textStephanotheca romajoyae n. sp. (Figure 2, Table 2) Material examined. Holotype: MTQ G 26769, Bryomol Reef, 16 ° 32.658 ' S, 139 ° 53.567 ' E, 33 m. Paratypes: MTQ G 26770, MTQ G 26771, MTQ G 26772, same data as for holotype; MTQ G 26773, southeastern GoC, 16 ° 40.914 ' S, 140 ° 12.029 ' E, 33 m. Etymology. Named for the author’s mother, Mrs Roma Joy Cumming. Description. Colony encrusting, with frontal budding; autozooids irregularly polygonal, variable in size and shape (average 0.4 × 0.4 mm; Table 2), especially variable in width (s.d. 0.117); frontal shield flattened to slightly convex; pseudopores round, irregularly spaced (c. 0.012 mm diameter), most separated by more than the width of a pseudopore but some close together and sharing depressions or pits (average 47 per zooid), extending to zooid margins; interzooidal boundaries marked by sutural walls and regularly spaced, oval or round sutural pores that are larger than pseudopores in the frontal shield. Primary orifice wider than long (c. 0.09 long × 0.10 wide mm), broadest centrally; anter rounded; lunula extends to lateral margins and appears continuous with condyles; sinus a shallow arc; condyles large, rounded, serrate; a raised nodular thickening proximal to orifice. Adventitious avicularia dimorphic in size, shape and position; usually one per zooid, occasionally two; smaller type common (c. 0.09 long × 0.04 wide mm at crossbar); subtriangular; widest proximally; proximal opesia semicircular, rostral foramen trifoliate to rounded triangular; crossbar complete; usually suboral, medial, directed distolaterally; sometimes with slight asymmetry, curving towards orifice; occasionally directed proximolaterally or positioned in a distolateral corner; occasional second avicularium positioned more proximally with variable orientation; larger type uncommon, occupying most of frontal shield (c. 0.28 long × 0.07 wide mm at crossbar); elongate oval with parallel sides; proximal opesia oval, rostral foramen rounded subtriangular with concave sides; crossbar complete; usually proximal, medial, directed distolaterally, terminating in a distolateral angle; vicarious avicularia absent. Ovicell hyperstomial (prominent), recumbent on frontal shield of distal zooid; ooecium longer than wide (c. 0.4 × 0.3 mm); flattened frontally; with numerous pseudopores of variable shape and size, larger than those of frontal shield; an arch of nodules surrounding the pseudopores, terminating laterally; walls almost vertical, imperforate (height c. 0.06 mm); orifice dimorphic, ovicellate orifice longer (c. 0.11 vs. 0.09 mm) and much wider (c. 0.14 vs. 0.10 mm; Table 2) than autozooidal orifice (1 -tailed t-test: p<0.001). Remarks. The variability in avicularium size, shape, position and orientation sets Stephanotheca romajoyae n. sp. apart from all other Stephanotheca species. The nine temperate species described by Reverter-Gil et al. 2012 all have a single, medial, proximally directed adventitious avicularium. While S. romajoyae n. sp. also has a medial avicularium on each zooid, these vary in orientation from distolateral to proximolateral, there are also occasional additional avicularia elsewhere on the zooid, and occasional large elongate-oval avicularia that occupy most of the frontal shield. Sometimes the two different avicularium types occur together on a single zooid (Figure 2 A). Stephanotheca ipsum n. sp. is the only other Stephanotheca species with more than one avicularium on some zooids, but they are a distinctly different shape and are not dimorphic. Stephanotheca ochracea (Hincks, 1862) is the only other species with dimorphic adventitious avicularia, but they are a different shape and proximally directed. The level of variability in the avicularia of Stephanotheca romajoyae n. sp. resembles that of Calyptotheca australis (Haswell, 1880) in the dimorphism, the variable orientation and in sometimes being slightly asymmetrical and curved around the orifice (see Cumming & Tilbrook 2014). These two species also share similar small orifices of the same dimensions (c. 0.09 × 0.10 mm) and large, serrate condyles. The ooecia of the two species are clearly different (those of C. australis are fully pseudoporous), but colonies without ovicells are readily distinguished by the much shallower sinus in S. romajoyae, avicularium shape and colony form. The small avicularia of S. romajoyae are subtriangular and widest proximally, whereas those of C. australis are narrowly triangular proximally and usually widest midlength. The large avicularia of C. australis are also narrowly triangular proximally, whereas those of S. romajoyae are elongate oval with parallel sides. The growth form of C. australis is a network of unilaminar tubes, whereas S. romajoyae is an encrusting species. Stephanotheca romajoyae n. sp. has the smallest orifice of the Stephanotheca species (0.09 × 0.10 mm), followed closely by S. ipsum n. sp. (0.10 × 0.10 mm). The southern Australian species S. ambita and S. victoriensis also have smaller orifices than the European species (0.11 × 0.11 mm, 0.11 × 0.13 mm respectively vs 0.12–0.15 × 0.13–0.15 mm). Stephanotheca ambita shares with S. romajoyae n. sp. a wide shallow sinus, but it has smooth rather than serrate condyles and a single, small, oval suboral avicularium. Stephanotheca victoriensis has a larger, wider, distinctly oval orifice, and a single oval avicularium distant from the orifice and almost in the centre of the zooid. Orificial dimorphism occurs in all Stephanotheca species except S. perforata (0.15 vs 0.15 mm; Reverter-Gil et al. 2012), but is most pronounced in S. romajoyae n. sp., with ovicellate orifices much wider than autozooidal orifices (0.14 vs. 0.10 mm). The ooecia of S. romajoyae differ from those of all known Stephanotheca species in being longer than wide. Ooecia of the Australian species differ in various ways from the typical crowned ooecium of the European species: those of S. ipsum n. sp. are ridged, those of S. victoriensis have a single row of pseudopores forming an arch and those of S. ambita have a relatively large perforated area and smaller, lower nodular rim of calcification. S. romajoyae ooecia are most similar to those of S. ambita, with a similarly wide perforated area. Distribution. Stephanotheca romajoyae n. sp. is known only from the GoC, with four colonies collected from the same site at Bryomol Reef, east of Mornington Island at 33 m, and a fifth colony from southeastern GoC at 33 m.Published as part of Cumming, Robyn L., 2015, Two tropical species of Stephanotheca (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Lanceoporidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, pp. 279-286 in Zootaxa 3948 (2) on pages 283-285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3948.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/24050
FIGURE 6 in Six species of Calyptotheca (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Lanceoporidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria and northern Australia, with description of a new species
No full textFIGURE 6. Calyptotheca triquetra (Harmer, 1957) (MTQ G26473). A, whole colony; B, primary orifice and avicularium; C, primary orifice; D, autozooids.Published as part of Cumming, Robyn L. & Tilbrook, Kevin J., 2014, Six species of Calyptotheca (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Lanceoporidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria and northern Australia, with description of a new species, pp. 147-169 in Zootaxa 3827 (2) on page 164, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/25062
FIGURE 1. Calyptotheca trimandibulata n in New encrusting species of Lanceoporidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia
No full textFIGURE 1. Calyptotheca trimandibulata n. sp. Holotype (MTQ G101182). A. Autozooids, ovicellate zooids and dimorphic zooid (centre). B. Distal avicularium. C. Proximal avicularium. D. Primary orifice. E. Autozooids, ovicellate zooids and dimorphic zooid (centre). F. Ovicellate orifice. G. Orifice of dimorphic zooid shown in E.Published as part of Cumming, Robyn L. & Sebastian, Pascal, 2018, New encrusting species of Lanceoporidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia, pp. 104-114 in Zootaxa 4500 (1) on page 107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/529737
Calyptotheca tilbrooki Sebastian & Cumming 2016, n. sp.
No full textCalyptotheca tilbrooki n. sp. (Figs 3, 4, Table 2) Material examined. Holotype: MTQ G26785, GBR lagoon, Innisfail region, 17°59.1' S, 146°47.5' E, 29 April 2004, 34 m, coll. Seabed Biodiversity Project. Paratype: MTQ G26786, GBR lagoon, Shoalwater Bay region, 21°73.5' S, 149°.60.5' E, 4 October 2004, 16 m, coll. Seabed Biodiversity Project. Etymology. Honorific for Dr Kevin J. Tilbrook, in recognition of his contribution to the bryozoan collections at MTQ and to the taxonomy of Bryozoa. Description. Colony encrusting, multilaminar, forming thick upright multilamellar fronds (Fig. 3A, B), orange-red in ethanol; autozooids rectangular to irregularly polygonal (c. 0.5 x 0.5 mm; Table 2); frontal shield flattened to slightly convex with rounded pseudopores (average 23 per zooid), sparser or absent proximal to orifice, in zooid centre and towards zooid borders; interzooidal boundaries marked by thin raised lines of calcification with irregular marginal areolae. Primary orifice wider than long (c. 0.10 x 0.12 mm); lunula extending laterally, continuous with condyles; sinus a shallow rounded arc; condyles large, not serrate; raised nodular thickening proximal to orifice. Adventitious avicularia elongate-oval, some slightly wider distally (c 0.09 x 0.04 mm); marginal; most often in one or both proximal angles, sometimes on proximolateral margin; 0–3 per zooid, often absent; directed distally or distolaterally; proximal opesia semicircular, rostral foramen semielliptical, crossbar complete. Vicarious avicularia elongate-oval (c. 0.6 x 0.1 mm), without frontal shield; opesia oval, rostral foramen triangular with concave distal sides, crossbar complete, with large columella directed distally. Ooecium immersed, not raised above surrounding zooids, wider than long (c. 0.4 x 0.5 mm), sometimes crossed by sutural lines; pseudopores of both ooecium and ovicellate zooid frontal shield similar in size but in greater density (c. 73 vs 23 pseudopores per zooid) than autozooidal frontal shield, sometimes 2–3 pseudopores share same pit; pronounced orificial dimorphism, ovicellate orifice twice as wide (c. 0.24 vs 0.12 mm) and longer (c. 0.15 vs 0.10 mm) than autozooidal orifice; sinus wide and very shallow; condyles rounded, not serrate; suboral umbo present. Remarks. Calyptotheca tilbrooki n. sp. is distinguished by its growth form of thick multilamellar mounds and fronds, long, oval vicarious avicularia, elongate-oval, marginal adventitious avicularia, pronounced orificial dimorphism, and distinctive high-density pseudopores in the ooecia and frontal shields of ovicellate zooids. Seven Calyptotheca species have been described with vicarious avicularia, viz C. capitifera (Canu & Bassler, 1929), C. conica, C. inclusa, C. obscura Harmelin, López de la Cuadra & García-Gómez, 1989, C. orbiculata Harmer, 1957, C. reniformis Tilbrook, 2006 (unpubl. data in Cumming & Tilbrook 2014) and C. wulguru n. sp. All of these species except C. capitifera have the primitive form of vicarious avicularia that resemble autozooids with perforated frontal shields, but with greatly enlarged orifices. Those of C. capitifera therefore appear most similar to those of C. tilbrooki n. sp. (without a perforated frontal shield). Canu & Bassler (1929, pl. 32, fig. 5) described “the spatulate shape of interzooidal avicularia” of C. capitifera (not C. capitifera of Harmer 1957; see Cumming & Tilbrook 2014, p. 160). The vicarious avicularia of C. tilbrooki n. sp. are not spatulate but elongate-oval with acuminate rostral foramen, while those of C. capitifera, are semicircular and there are no adventitious avicularia. The combination of shape and position of the adventitious avicularia of C. tilbrooki n. sp. is unique within the genus. The elongate oval shape does not conform to the C. wasinensis subgroup described above, despite having a similarly marginal position. The adventitious avicularia of C. thornelyae are most similar to those of C. tilbrooki n. sp., but pseudopore density of autozooidal and ooecial calcification is identical; there is no orificial dimorphism and vicarious avicularia are lacking (Ryland & Hayward 1992, p. 260). Calyptotheca tilbrooki n. sp. has the most pronounced known orificial dimorphism amongst Calyptotheca species, with the ovicellate orifice double the width of the autozooidal orifice. A greater density of pseudopores on the ooecium was also described by Harmer (1957, p. 1020) in C. fossulata, which is distinguished from C. tilbrooki n. sp. by the lack of vicarious avicularia and having rounded marginal adventitious avicularia typical of the C. wasinensis subgroup. Distribution. Calyptotheca tilbrooki n. sp. is known only from the GBR lagoon. One colony was collected from the Innisfail area at 34 m and one colony from the Shoalwater Bay region, North of Yeppoon at 16 m.Published as part of Sebastian, Pascal & Cumming, Robyn L., 2016, Three new species of Calyptotheca (Bryozoa: Lanceoporidae) from the Great Barrier Reef, tropical Australia, pp. 467-479 in Zootaxa 4079 (4) on pages 472-475, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4079.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/105086
FIGURE 2. Stephanotheca romajoyae n in Two tropical species of Stephanotheca (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Lanceoporidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia
No full textFIGURE 2. Stephanotheca romajoyae n. sp. holotype (MTQ G26769): A, general view with autozooids and ovicellate zooids; note dimorphic orifices, additional avicularia on some zooids, and irregularly spaced pseudopores, some sharing pits (see zooid lower centre with large avicularium); B, primary orifice; C, orificial condyle; note serrations; D, ooecium; note ring of nodules and irregularly shaped pseudopores; E, large adventitious avicularium (scale bar 50 µm); F, small adventitious avicularium (scale bar 20 µm); G, autozooids; note unusual proximolaterally directed avicularia, and autozooid with two avicularia.Published as part of Cumming, Robyn L., 2015, Two tropical species of Stephanotheca (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Lanceoporidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, pp. 279-286 in Zootaxa 3948 (2) on page 284, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3948.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/24050
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