418 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-uar-10.1177_10780874231169920 - Supplemental material for Leadership Transfer Networks and Regional Environmental Governance Performance
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-uar-10.1177_10780874231169920 for Leadership Transfer Networks and Regional Environmental Governance Performance by Can Cui, Wenna Chen and Hongtao Yi in Urban Affairs Review</p
Effect of loading on the friction and interface microstructure of lubricated steel tribopairs
No full textIn this study, the tribological behavior and interfacial evolution of GCr15/Mild steel tribopairs lubricated by inorganic sodium metaphosphate was investigated under different applied loads at 800 degrees C. The results show that sodium metaphosphate lubricates the contact effectively at the load ranging from 5 to 30 N, with higher loads causing increased friction and wear. A layer of glassy phosphate film formed between the contacts is responsible for the improved tribological performance. FIB/TEM and XRD analysis reveals that the phosphate film was mainly composed of amorphous Na-Fe orthophosphate matrix filled up with fine oxide wear debris
Improved Ultrafast Carrier Relaxation and Charge Transfer Dynamics in CuI Films and Their Heterojunctions via Sn Doping
No full textCuI is one of the promising hole transport materials
for perovskite
solar cells. However, its tendency to form defects is currently limiting
its use for device applications. Here, we report the successful improvement
of CuI through Sn doping and the direct measurement of the carrier
relaxation and interfacial charge-transfer processes in Sn-doped CuI
films and their heterostructures. Femtosecond-transient absorption
(fs-TA) measurements reveal that Sn doping effectively passivates
the trap states within the bandgap of CuI. The I–V characteristics of heterostructures demonstrate drastic
improvement in transport characteristics upon Sn doping. Fs-TA measurements
further confirm that the CuSnI/ZnO heterojunction has a type-II configuration
with ultrafast charge transfer (<280 fs). The charge transfer time
of a CuI/ZnO heterostructure is ∼2.8 times slower than that
of the CuSnI/ZnO heterostructure, indicating that Sn doping suppresses
the interfacial states that retard the charge transfer. These results
elucidate the effect of Sn doping on the performance of CuI-based
heterostructures
Light management for polycrystalline Si thin-film solar cells on glass superstrates
Get PDFWeak absorption of near infrared light and a goal of 2μm absorber thickness necessitate efficient light management, incoupling and trapping of light, to make poly-Si thin-film solar cells more competitive in the photovoltaic industry.
This thesis targets breaking the record short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 29.7mA/cm2 for a silicon cell of this thickness via alternative light management approaches. HF is used to thin the borosilicate glass (BSG) superstrate from 3.3mm to 0.5mm. This enhances Jsc by 8%, even higher than the value of 4.6% found in the literature. Also, a subwavelength (SW) structured, broadband antireflection coating is produced on the air side of the glass superstrate by a novel mask forming technique. This SW structure enhances Jsc by 3.4%. Additionally, an Al Induced Texturing (AIT) glass process is optimised and the conventional AIT etch solution, a mix of 49%HF+69%HNO3, is replaced by NaOH and dilute HF solutions. The new etch demonstrates better control of optical and electrical properties than the conventional etch. The optimal back reflector is ≥500nm MgF2+Ag for a randomising back surface as determined by simulation.
Through the methods above, a Jsc of 28mA/cm2 is attained for a ~2 μm thick cell which outperforms the record cell in the 800-1200nm wavelength range. The underperformance in the 300-800nm range mainly comes from inferior metallisation and unsatisfactory passivation.
Estimation of the light trapping properties of textured glass prior to depositing anything on it is desirable. Conventional methods such as haze classification or angularly resolved scattering are found not as effective as a novel method -calculating the correlation coefficient between the interfaces of a Si film based on a self-coding Si film growth model.
Attempts to improve the light trapping of electron-beam (e-beam) poly-Si solar cells are also reported. It is found that only smooth submicron and SW structures do not degrade the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of e-beam poly-Si solar cells and produce a Jsc enhancement of 21% compared to a planar control. The optimal back surface plasmon configuration is found to be paint directly applied on Ag nanoparticles. Three back texturing methods are also developed.
Nano-imprinting is developed to transfer the texture from an AIT glass template to sol-gel coated planar glass. A baseline process is established and proved to successfully complete the pattern transfer. However the patterned sol-gel is found to be not compatible with a rapid thermal annealing process
Research on urban furniture intervention to foster community emotional healing
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALENella frenetica costruzione urbana contemporanea e nella competizione sociale, sempre più persone soffrono di ansia, solitudine, depressione e altre condizioni di salute mentale secondaria. Ad un certo punto, dopo aver vissuto la pandemia di COVID-19 e il distanziamento sociale, le persone hanno dovuto superare l'alienazione psicologica e adattarsi alla "nuova vita normale", che ha anche definito il valore pratico dell'intervento di guarigione emotiva della comunità nella pianificazione urbana. Questo studio vuole indagare come l'arredo urbano abbia il potenziale per diventare un punto di contatto per la cura emotiva della comunità.
Questa ricerca evidenzia dapprima le teorie relative alla guarigione emotiva della comunità. Poi chiarisce le differenze concettuali tra "guarigione" e "terapia" e analizza i ruoli dei diversi stakeholder. Poi, dal punto di vista dello spazio, l'autore ricerca spazi adatti per la guarigione emozionale della comunità, combinati con il concetto di micro-rinnovamento urbano e di “fifteen-minute living circle”, attraverso l' "agopuntura urbana” e liberando il potenziale degli "spazi residui", che prima erano "nascosti" nella comunità. Inoltre, l'autore esplora una serie di metodi di interazione che possono attrarre i residenti circostanti. Essi possono essere riassunti come interazione a basso livello di pressione sociale, interazione a basso livello di apprendimento, interazione a breve tempo, ed evoluzione portata dalla tecnologia emergente.
Il documento analizza la situazione attuale dell'arredo urbano ordinario e ne individua quattro caratteristiche basate sulla guarigione emotiva della comunità. L'arredo urbano non ha solo uno scopo funzionale, ma può anche integrarsi e interagire facilmente con l'ambiente sociale.
Infine, questo studio introduce sette strategie di design per l'intervento sull'arredo urbano, al fine di favorire la guarigione emotiva della comunità. Inoltre, l'autore utilizza queste strategie per creare una serie di installazioni urbane su Chifeng Road a Shanghai. Ciò ha dimostrato in modo più vivido e completo la fattibilità della strategia di progettazione. Esso ha il potenziale per alleviare la pressione psicologica degli abitanti, per migliorare la salute sociale e per promuovere ulteriormente l'innovazione sociale.In contemporary fast-paced urban construction and social competition, more and more people suffer from social anxiety, loneliness, depression and other mental sub-health conditions. At the same time, after experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing, people had to overcome psychological alienation and adapt to the "new normal" life, which also clarified the practical significance of community emotional healing intervention in urban planning. This thesis aims to explore how urban furniture has the potential to become the touchpoints for community emotional healing.
The thesis first studies the theories related to community emotional healing. Then clarifies the conceptual differences between "healing" and "therapy" and analyses the roles of different stakeholders. From the perspective of space, the author researches suitable spaces for community emotional healing, combined with the concept of urban micro-renewal and fifteen-minute living circle, through the "urban acupuncture and release the potential of "leftover spaces", which used to be "hidden" in the community. Furthermore, from the interaction perspective, the author explores a series of interaction methods that can attract surrounding residents. They can be summarised as "Low social pressure cost interaction", "Low learning cost interaction", "Low time cost interaction", and "Evolution brought about by emerging technology".
The article analyses the current situation of ordinary urban furniture and discovers four characteristics of urban furniture based on community emotional healing. Urban furniture not only has functional attention but also can easily integrate and interact with the social environment.
Finally, this study introduces seven design strategies for urban furniture intervention to foster community emotional healing. Furthermore, the author uses these design strategies to create a series of urban furniture on Chifeng Road in Shanghai. Which more vividly and comprehensively demonstrated the feasibility of the design strategy. It has the potential to relieve residents' psychological pressure, improve social health, and further promote social innovation
Future disco. Investigation on music experiences in the era of digitally consumed spectacles
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALEDall’inizio del ventunesimo secolo ad oggi, la rivoluzione digitale ha colpito e modificato diversi settori, l’industria musicale è stata particolarmente compromessa da questo sviluppo tecnologico, che ha determinato la sua profonda trasformazione economica e sociale.
Gli effetti più evidenti dell’avvento di internet sul settore musicale sono stati infatti un notevole calo negli introiti, visibile fino alla metà del 2010 e un’evoluzione del rapporto tra musica e utenti; la possibilità di accedere ad una pressoché infinita quantità di musica, da qualsiasi luogo e in qualsiasi momento ha gradualmente reso la musica stessa un prodotto, un qualcosa di consumabile, determinandone una implicita perdita di valore. Le esperienze di musica dal vivo, come concerti e discoteche, sono emerse come soluzioni a queste problematiche, assumendo maggiore importanza economica e culturale, e ponendosi come uniche occasioni in cui la musica è protagonista, viene vissuta e percepita in condivisone e non è un mero sottofondo alle attività quotidiane degli utenti. Le esperienze di musica dal vivono ricoprono oggi un ruolo essenziale nel panorama del consumo musicale, ruolo messo a rischio, ancora una volta, dall’evoluzione digitale.
Infatti, negli ultimi anni, anche questo settore ha iniziato a studiare il mondo virtuale, sperimentando con esperienze nel cyber spazio, trasmesse in diretta su piattaforme internet social o di gioco. Tuttavia, tali esperienze non sono ancora qualitativamente comparabili alle corrispettive del mondo reale, e nonostante introducano fattori positivi, come la rimozione dei limiti nella partecipazione all’evento, sono ancora esperienze marginali e poco diffuse.
È importante sottolineare come la sperimentazione di eventi digitali riguardi solo il mondo dei concerti, e ancora non coinvolga le discoteche. Ciò riflette la differenza tra i due settori; infatti, mentre lo spazio dei concerti si è evoluto in concomitanza alla rivoluzione digitale, lo spazio delle discoteche è rimasto invariato dagli anni ’60 ad oggi, anzi in qualche modo regredendo e perdendo delle sue caratteristiche avvalorative. Tale differenza è risultata ancor più evidente durante la pandemia da Covid-19, la quale ha fatto emergere la necessità del pubblico di partecipare ad esperienze di musica dal vivo. Il settore dei concerti ha risposto con esperienze digitali progressivamente più curate ed immersive, al contrario le discoteche non hanno saputo offrire delle esperienze alternative a quella fisica. Alla base di questa discrepanza vi è la differenza delle identità delle due esperienze. Mentre nei concerti è fondamentale la figura dell’artista e della musica live, nelle discoteche manca una figura predominante sui cui concentrarsi per lo sviluppo dell’esperienza digitale; l’elemento più rilevante è infatti l’immersività data dalla somma di vari fattori, come la musica ad alto volume, le vibrazioni sul corpo, le luci frastornanti e la vicinanza fisica ed emotiva con il resto del pubblico. Ciò rende la discoteca ancora poco adattabile al mondo virtuale, ma non giustifica la mancanza di trasformazioni spaziali, volte a creare un’esperienza al passo con i tempi.
La tesi si propone quindi di esplorare l’evoluzione dell’industria musicale, dei suoi spazi e del rapporto con gli utenti, per contribuire al discorso in corso su questi temi, e soprattutto offrire spunti per un’evoluzione dello spazio delle discoteche. L’output progettuale della tesi è infatti un prototipo per la discoteca del futuro, che vuole comprendere e promuovere diverse tipologie di rapporto con la musica e con gli altri, cercando di andare di pari passo con la continua e perenne evoluzione digitale. La proposta di un progetto sotto forma di prototipo è dettata dalla volontà di non limitare l’output progettuale a una specifica situazione spaziale o temporale, ma fornire un modello trasformabile e declinabile secondo diverse esigenze e limitazioni dettati dal tempo e luogo in cui si vuole applicare il modello proposto, raggiungendo obbiettivi differenti.From the beginning of the twenty-first century to today, the digital revolution has affected and changed various sectors; the music industry has been particularly affected by this technological development, resulting in its profound economic and social transformation.
The most evident effects of the advent of the internet on the music sector were a significant drop in revenues, visible until mid-2010, and an evolution in the relationship between music and users; the possibility of accessing an almost infinite quantity of music, anywhere and anytime, has gradually made the music itself a product, something consumable, causing an implicit loss of its value. Live music experiences, such as concerts and discos, have emerged as solutions to these problems, assuming greater economic and cultural importance and representing the only occasions in which music is the protagonist, is experienced and perceived in a shared environment and is not a mere background to users' daily activities. Today, live music experiences play an essential role in the panorama of music consumption, a role put at risk, once again, by digital evolution.
In recent years, the live music sector began to study the virtual world, experimenting with cyberspace experiences, broadcast live on social or gaming internet platforms. However, these experiences are not yet qualitatively comparable to the real-world counterparts, and although they hold beneficial factors, such as removing attendance limits, they are still marginal and not widespread experiences.
It is essential to underline that digital events' experimentation only concerns the world of concerts and still does not involve discotheques. This disparity reflects the difference between the two sectors; while the concert space has evolved in conjunction with the digital revolution, the disco space has remained unchanged from the 1960s to today, somehow regressing and losing some valuable characteristics.
This difference was even more evident during the Covid-19 pandemic. The concert sector has responded to the public's need to participate in live music experiences with progressively more accurate and immersive digital experiences; on the contrary, discos have not been able to offer alternative experiences to the physical ones. Underlying this discrepancy is the difference in the identities of the two experiences. While the figure of the artist and live music is fundamental in concerts, discos lack a predominant figure on which to focus for the development of the digital experience; the most relevant element is the immersion given by the sum of various factors, such as loud music, vibrations on the body, dazzling lights and physical and emotional closeness with the rest of the audience. The factors that define the nightclub make the disco not adaptable to the virtual world but do not justify the lack of spatial transformations to create an experience in step with the times.
Therefore, the thesis aims to explore the evolution of the music industry, its spaces, and the relationship with users to contribute to the current discourse on these issues and offer ideas for an evolution of the discotheque's space. The thesis's design output is a prototype for the future disco, which wants to understand and promote different types of relationships with music and other participants, trying to keep up with the constant and continuing digital evolution. The project of a prototype is dictated by the desire not to limit the design output to a specific spatial or temporal situation but to provide a transformable model, declinable to different needs and limitations dictated by the desired goal and the time and place where the proposed model is to be applied
What Drives the Performance of Collaboration Networks: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Local Water Governance in China
No full textLocal water governance is challenging given the significance to public health and the difficulties to manage it in a fragmented administrative system. A collaboration network is a popular governance tool in local governance to cope with functional fragmentation problems and institutional collective action (ICA) dilemmas. Empirical works are needed to examine the outcomes of such governance networks, especially in the context of environmental governance. With fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this article seeks to evaluate the outcomes of collaboration networks by investigating the influence of network structures on local water governance performance in China. Based on empirical analyses on a dataset of twenty local water governance networks implementing the Water Ecological Civilization Pilot Project in China, the findings suggest that a high overall bridging and bonding of social capital and a low network density are important determinants of effective collaboration networks. This study has policy implications for the design of local collaboration networks in facilitating effective environmental governance
Mesoporous SiO2 produced by mineralization of yeast cells as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction
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