130,808 research outputs found
Maurizio Cucchi poète et traducteur
No full textLes débuts de Maurizio Cucchi comme poète ont été salués conjointement par des écrivains aussi éloignés entre eux que Giudici, Pasolini, Raboni, Fortini et Porta. Avec la publication au milieu des années soixante-dix de son premier recueil de poèmes, Il disperso, dans l’une des collections de poésie les plus prestigieuses de la péninsule, Cucchi non seulement réussit l’exploit, comme le rappelle Alba Donati, de mettre d’accord les représentants de l’ancienne Néo-avant-garde italienne et ses d..
Hedgehog signaling pathway and its targets for treatment in basal cell carcinoma
No full textDanilo Cucchi,1,* Maria Anna Occhione,2,* Alberto Gulino,2,3 Enrico De Smaele1 1Department of Experimental Medicine, 2Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 3Center of Life NanoScience @ La Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy*These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common type of cancer and accounts for up to 40% of all cancers in the US, with a growing incidence rate over recent decades in all developed countries. Surgery is curative for most patients, although it leaves unaesthetic scars, but those that develop locally advanced or metastatic BCC require different therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, patients with BCC present a high risk of developing additional tumors. The increasing economic burden and the morbidity of BCC render primary interest in the development of targeted treatments for this disease. Among the molecular signals involved in the development of BCC, the critical role of the morphogenetic Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has become evident. This pathway is found altered and activated in almost all BCCs, both sporadic and inherited. Given the centrality of the Hh pathway in the pathophysiology of BCC, the primary efforts to identify molecular targets for the topical or systemic treatment of this cancer have focused on the Hh components. Several Hh inhibitors have been so far identified – from the first identified natural cyclopamine to the recently Food and Drug Administration-approved synthetic vismodegib – most of which target the Hh receptor Smoothened (either its function or its translocation to the primary cilium). Other molecules await further characterization (bisamide compounds), while drugs currently approved for other diseases such as itraconazole (an antimicotic agent) and vitamin D3 have been tested on BCC with encouraging results. The outcomes of the numerous ongoing clinical trials are expected to expand the field in the very near future. Further research is needed to obtain drugs targeting downstream components of the Hh pathway (eg, Gli) or to exploit combinatorial therapies (eg, with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors or retinoids) in order to overcome potential drug resistance.Keywords: BCC, Hedgehog, vismodegib, Smo inhibitors, Gli antagonists, retinoids, itraconazole, vitamin D
External doses from plated-out decay products in radon-rich enclosed spaces
No full textIn caves in the Alps, where Radon can reach concentrations of tens of or hundreds of kBq/m3, the deposition of decay products on the skin of personnel spending even short times inside may pose a radiological risk. The radiation protection expert (RPE) is confronted with evaluating on the spot, and quickly, this hazard, to take appropriate measures as needed. In the present work, estimates are proposed to assess this problem, estimates that can be used by the RPE for the needed screening to categorize the risk presented by these environments
History of shoulder instability surgery
No full textPurpose: The surgical management of shoulder instability is an expanding and increasingly complex area of study within orthopaedics. This article describes the history and evolution of shoulder instability surgery, examining the development of its key principles, the currently accepted concepts and available surgical interventions. Methods: A comprehensive review of the available literature was performed using PubMed. The reference lists of reviewed articles were also scrutinised to ensure relevant information was included. Results: The various types of shoulder instability including anterior, posterior and multidirectional instability are discussed, focussing on the history of surgical management of these topics, the current concepts and the results of available surgical interventions. Conclusions: The last century has seen important advancements in the understanding and treatment of shoulder instability. The transition from open to arthroscopic surgery has allowed the discovery of previously unrecognised pathologic entities and facilitated techniques to treat these. Nevertheless, open surgery still produces comparable results in the treatment of many instability-related conditions and is often required in complex or revision cases, particularly in the presence of bone loss. More high-quality research is required to better understand and characterise this spectrum of conditions so that successful evidence-based management algorithms can be developed. Level of evidence: IV
Evaluation of the radiological hazard in electron beam welding
No full textIn electron beam welding a very intense pencil beam of electrons is driven onto the base metal, to melt it and produce the welding. In the interaction of the beam with the metal, strong bremsstrahlung emission of X-ray is generated. Here the generation is evaluated, and the KERMA in air at 1 m is predicted. Results show that a significant radiation hazard is present and serious radiation protection measures are needed
La città degli orti. Coltivare e costruire socialità negli spazi verdi della Grande Milano.
No full textIl volume presenta i risultati di una ricerca biennale sulle caratteristiche territoriali e sociali, paesaggistiche e produttive degli orti urbani della Città Metropolitana di Milano, un uso del suolo formale e informale che interessa oltre 800 ettari di territorio sia pubblico che privato. La ricerca, finanziata da Fondazione Cariplo, ha visto collaborare Italianostra, Boscoincittà, Parco Nord Milano, la scuola agraria di Monza, l'Università Statale e il Dastu del Politecnico di Milano anche nell'ambito delle attività promosse nell'ambito del Dipartimento di Eccellenza sulla Fragilità territoriali. Descrivere gli orti e il loro funzionamento porta a osservare la città in modo differente: a interrogarci sulle relazioni tra pratiche ortive e forme di consumo, a considerare le pratiche abitative oltre il tema della casa, talvolta a scoprire e considerare luoghi inattesi, di degrado e di emarginazione, o di insperata qualità e bellezza. L'apparato di mappe, la ricerca tipologica, le indagini quantitative hanno alimentato un ampia descrizione di casi e la predisposizione di uno specifico database territoriale
Lactate transporters as therapeutic targets in cancer and inflammatory disease
No full textIntroduction: Inflammation is associated with the accumulation of lactate at sites of tumour growth and inflammation. Lactate initiates tissue responses contributing to disease. We discuss the potential of targeting lactate transporters in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory conditions. Areas covered: Lactate is the product of glycolysis, which is considered to be a waste metabolite and a fuel for oxidative cells. It is also an active signalling molecule with immunomodulatory and angiogenic properties. They are the consequence of lactate binding to membrane receptor(s) or being transported through specific carrier-mediated transporters across the cellular membrane. Carriers are distinct in proton-linked monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and Na+-coupled electrogenic transporters (SMTCs), expressed by several tissues including immune system, endothelium and epithelium. Several tumours and inflammatory sites (i.e., arthritic synovium, atherosclerotic plaque) show accumulation of lactate and altered expression of its transporters, thus suggesting a role of this metabolite in cancer and inflammatory disorders. We review the most recent evidence on lactate biology, focusing on transporter expression and function in health and disease. Expert opinion: Lactate-initiated signalling is gaining attention for its implications in cancer and inflammation. This review deals with the therapeutic potential of targeting lactate transporters and drugs that are already in clinical use for cancer and discusses the opportunity to develop new therapeutics for inflammatory disease based on recent findings.</p
It’s time to change perspective! New diagnostic tools for lateral elbow pain
No full textPurpose: The presence of intra-articular findings that may complement the extra-articular pathology in lateral epicondilytis has been suggested, and a role for minor instability of the elbow as part of the causative process of this disease has been postulated. This study was designed to describe two new clinical tests, aimed at detecting intra-articular pathology in patients affected by recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis and investigate their diagnostic performance. Methods: Ten patients suffering of atraumatic lateral elbow pain unresponsive to conservative treatment were considered in this study. Two clinical tests were developed and administrated prior to arthroscopy: Supination and Antero-Lateral pain Test (SALT); Posterior Elbow Pain by Palpation-Extension of the Radiocapitellar joint (PEPPER). Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy of SALT and PEPPER as diagnostic tests for seven intra-articular findings were calculated. Results: In 90% of the patients, at least one test was positive. All patients with signs of lateral ligamentous patholaxity or intra-articular abnormal findings had a positive response to at least one of the two tests. SALT proved to have a high sensitivity but a low specificity and is accurate in detecting the presence of intra-articular abnormal findings, especially synovitis. PEPPER test was sensible, specific and accurate in the detection of radial head chondropathy. Conclusions: Two new diagnostic tests (SALT and PEPPER) were specifically designed to evoke pain from intra-articular structures. These tests could be a valid support in the diagnostic algorithm of recalcitrant lateral elbow pain. Positive findings may be indicative of a minor instability of the lateral elbow condition. Level of evidence: Diagnostic study, development of diagnostic criteria on basis of consecutive patients, level II
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