1,721,014 research outputs found
Development and validation of the Scale of Cultural Capital
No full textCultural capital refers to the knowledge and use of cultural codes that are relevant in the community wherein people live. A valid scale to measure all the dimensions of cultural capital is not available. In this paper, exploratory, confirmatory, and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were performed using independent samples of adults to select the best items and to investigate their factorial structure and invariance across sex and occupation prestige. We found three interrelated factors made up of 14 items: participating in groups and associations, consuming cultural events, and carrying out activities requiring expertise or creativity. This three-factor model exhibited partial factor mean invariance for sex and partial factor variance/covariance invariance for occupational prestige and convergent/divergent validity for measures of bonding and bridging social capital. The Scale of Cultural Capital is a useful tool for assessing the cultural capital in experimental and professional settings and for developing an evidence-based theoretical model
Adaptation of the personal social capital brief scale for the measurement of the offline and online social capital in Italy
Full text linkSocial Capital refers to the resources associated with durable and trustworthy social connections. Social Capital can be developed through offline and online relationships. It can be distinguished between cognitive Social Capital (perception of trustworthiness, reciprocity, and support) and structural Social Capital (density of social networks and membership, and participation in groups and associations). It can also be distinguished between bonding Social Capital (resources associated with informal networks; i.e., neighbors, friends, colleagues) and bridging Social Capital (resources associated with formal networks; i.e., community service, cultural, religious or political groups/associations). The different forms and dimensions of Social Capital may have distinct effects on health outcomes and self-rated health. Therefore, public health researchers need valid and reliable instruments to investigate Social Capital. However, valid instruments including the measurement of online Social Capital are not available. The Personal Social Capital Scale aims to assess bonding and bridging Social Capital by means of cognitive and structural items. In the present investigation, three studies were carried out (N = 1149) to adapt the Personal Social Capital Scale to develop the Personal On-Offline Social Capital Brief Scale, a brief scale for measuring online and offline bonding and bridging Social Capital in Italy. Factorial structure and convergent/divergent validity in relation to scales measuring constructs with different patterns of relationships with bonding and bridging Social Capital (i.e., social support and stress; sense of community and health) were also investigated. Overall, these studies provide evidence of reliability and validity related to the internal structure of the Personal On-Offline Social Capital Brief Scale in measuring online and offline bonding and bridging Social Capital and discriminating them from similar constructs. This scale is a useful instrument for planning public health interventions
The Vineland-II in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Item Content Category Analysis
No full textWe investigated which item subsets of the
Vineland-II can discriminate low-functioning preschoolers
with ASD from matched peers with other neurodevelopmental
disorders, using a regression analysis derived from
a normative sample to account for cognitive and linguistic
competencies. At variance with the typical profile, a pattern
with Communication more impaired than Socialization was
observed. The source of the frequently reported Socialization
delay in ASD appears to be in Playing and Imitating
skills only, not in other social adaptive behavior skills. The
combination of item subsets Playing, Following instructions,
Beginning to talk, and Speech skills provided the
best discrimination between the two clinical groups.
Evaluation of the Vineland-II score on item content categories
is a useful procedure for a more efficient clinical
description
Effetti del livello socio-culturale sulle dimensioni di personalita
No full textThe studies on the effects of Socio-Cultural Level (SCL) on the Big Five personality factors have always considered the Socio-Economic Status but not the Cultural Capital (CC) and Social Capital (CS). In the present investigation, for the first time, we have studied the effects of all the dimensions of LSC on personality of 121 women and 106 men, living in the same geographical area. We have compared them with those observed previously in their teenage sons and daughters. Results showed differential effects by gender and age: personality appears to be influenced by CC in all women, by CS in adolescent males, and by education level in adult men
The Vineland-II in preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An item content category analysis
No full textWe investigated which item subsets of the Vineland-II can discriminate low-functioning preschoolers with ASD from matched peers with other neurodevelopmental disorders, using a regression analysis derived from a normative sample to account for cognitive and linguistic competencies. At variance with the typical profile, a pattern with Communication more impaired than Socialization was observed. The source of the frequently reported Socialization delay in ASD appears to be in Playing and Imitating skills only, not in other social adaptive behavior skills. The combination of item subsets Playing, Following instructions, Beginning to talk, and Speech skills provided the best discrimination between the two clinical groups. Evaluation of the Vineland-II score on item content categories is a useful procedure for a more efficient clinical description
Environmental factors and teenagers’ personalities: The role of personal and familial Socio-Cultural Level
No full textEnvironmental (e.g., socio-cultural context), individual (e.g., genetic makeup), and interpersonal (e.g., caregiver–children relationships) factors can play a crucial role in shaping the development of the teenagers’ personality. In this study, we focused on the Socio-Cultural Level that designates the set of preferences, knowledge, and behaviors that characterize an individual’s way of life and depend on his or her cultural, social, and economic resources. We studied the relationship between Socio-Cultural Level(personal, maternal, and paternal) and Big Five personality traits of 191 teenagers living in the same geo-graphical area. Results showed that Socioeconomic Status (i.e., parental education level and occupational prestige), which is the only dimension generally measured in investigations on Socio-Cultural Level, was not related with personality. In contrast, Cultural Capital and Social Capital were associated with different personality traits. Personal Cultural Capital was related to Openness to experience of boys and girls and to Extraversion of girls; personal Social Capital was related to Extraversion of girls, Emotional stability of boys, and Agreeableness of both boys and girls; maternal Cultural Capital was associated with Openness to experience of daughters. Overall, the personality of teenagers was more related to their own Cultural and Social Capital than to the Cultural and Social Capital of their parents. Moreover, the relationship between Cultural Capital and Social Capital of boys/girls and of fathers/mothers was moderate in strength. It seems that parents influence the development of personality of their teenagers indirectly, their Socio-Cultural Level shaping the Socio-Cultural Level of their sons and daughters
Between Bouillaud and Broca: an unknown Italian debate on cerebral localization of language
No full textPsicothema
Full text linkResumen basado en el de la publicaciónEstatus socioeconómico, capital cultural y capital social en adultos: un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Antecedentes: el Nivel Sociocultural (NSC) está compuesto de Estatus Socioeconómico (ESS), Capital Cultural (CC) y Capital Social (CS). Nunca se han investigado las relaciones entre las dimensiones del NSC. Este estudio tiene como objetivo desarrollar un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que represente cómo afecta la edad a las relaciones entre el nivel educativo, el prestigio ocupacional (como medida del ESS), el CC y el CS en hombres y mujeres. Método: el nivel educativo, el prestigio ocupacional, las dimensiones del CC y el CS se midieron con escalas validadas en 654 adultos (63% mujeres), de 19 a 74 años de edad, la mayoría en posesión de al menos un título universitario (65%), que tenían o habían tenido una ocupación laboral. Todos vivían en el municipio de una ciudad italiana de tamaño medio. Resultados: la edad afecta a los indicadores interrelacionados del ESS, que a su vez afectan a las dimensiones interrelacionadas de CC y CS (CFI = .97; RMSEA = .073 [CI = .053 - .095]; SRMR = 0.031). Conclusiones: la estructura jerárquica del NSC y los efectos sobre el mismo de la edad y el género deben ser tenidos en cuenta en el estudio de los efectos del NSC.ES
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