1,721,073 research outputs found
Carotenoids in Fresh and Processed Food: Between Biosynthesis and Degradation
Full text linkCurrently, there is a general trend in food science to link food and health in line with consumers’ concern about what is in their food and how what they eat can promote well-being [...
Anthocyanins: The Infinite Properties of These Incredible Compounds
Full text linkAnthocyanins are acknowledged for their great heterogeneity of colors, from orange to blue hues in the visible spectrum [...
Classification of wine grape biotypes according to their variety and sanitary condition by fingerprinting untargeted analysis
Full text linkGrapes secondary metabolites content mainly depends on variety, but also on climate and cultural conditions, including sanitary status. This study aimed to use a metabolomic fingerprinting approach for grouping 72 wine grape biotypes, Negro amaro n. (N), Malvasia nera di Brindisi/Lecce n. (M), and Uva di Troia n. (U), on the basis of their cultivar and virological conditions. The skins were extracted and analysed by flow injection mass spectrometry; a one-way ANOVA/Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allowed to efficiently cluster the samples, recognizing M from N and U biotypes. Conversely, the clusterisation of the biotypes affected by different virus complexes was really more tough and a clear distinction among infected plants was not always observed. However, very interestingly, by applying ANOVA/PCA to the biotypes of each varieties, singularly, healthy biotypes were sharply separated in all the varieties and a relationship between anthocyanin compounds and Grapevine leafroll associated virus (GLRaV3) slightly appeared
Optimization of a Green Extraction of Polyphenols from Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Pulp
Full text linkThis work focused on the optimization of the ultrasound (US) extraction of polyphenols from sweet cherry pulp by monitoring cyanidin-3O-rutinoside, quercetin-3O-rutinoside, and trans-3-O-coumaroylquinic acid, representing the main anthocyanin, flavonol, and hydroxycinnamate, respectively, identified in the extracts through chromatographic analyses (HPLC-DAD), as output variables. The optimization was performed following a two-level central composite design and the influence of the selected independent variables (i.e., extraction time and solid to solvent ratio) was checked through the response surface methodology. The maximum recovery of the phenolic compounds was obtained at 3 min and 0.25 g/mL in water/ethanol (1:1, v/v) at a set temperature (25 °C), sonication power (100 W), and sonication frequency (37 kHz). Subsequent validation experiments proved the effectiveness and reliability of the gathered mathematical models in defining the best ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions
A new methodology to model interdependency of Critical Infrastructure Systems during Hurricane Sandy's event
Full text linkThe paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the resilience of the critical infrastructures networks hit by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. The region analyzed in the case study is New York metropolitan area which includes New York City and the nearby state of New Jersey. This region was the most affected by the storm and it is one of the most densely populated regions of the United States due to its high concentration of businesses and several critical infrastructures. The identified critical infrastructure systems are highly interconnected, forming a heterogeneous network that is very vulnerable to catastrophic events, such as hurricanes. Due to several existing interdependencies, the systems are subjected to disruptive cascading effects. The disruption of one or more of these systems directly affects people, businesses, the government and leads to additional indirect damages. After a critical comparison of the different methodologies to analyze infrastructure interdependency, the input-output method is selected in order to indentify and rank the different types of dependencies in the network as well as to prioritize the different actions during the restoration process. Previous analyses have shown that power, transportation, and fuel were the most damaged networks in the region generating severe cascading effects due to the interdependencies between them. A series of recommendations to improve the global resilience in the region are provided which will be able to prevent cascading effects and prioritize the recovery effort in the futur
Olive sound: A sustainable radical innovation
Full text linkOlive Sound is the acronym of a Horizon 2020 European Project aimed at the development of a high-flow oil extraction plant, the Sono-Heat-Exchanger, which combines ultrasound and heat exchange in order to break, through a radical innovation model in the oil mill, the historical paradigm that sees as inversely correlated the oil yield and the content of bio-phenols. These compounds are biologically active molecules that transform the product, extra virgin olive oil, from a mere condiment into a functional food. The primary objective of the project, financially supported by the European Union through the “Fast Track to Innovation” program, is the development of a product “ready for the market” (TRL 9) capable of making the involved companies more competitive while increasing the competitiveness of European extra virgin olive oil in the international context
Hemp: An Alternative Source for Various Industries and an Emerging Tool for Functional Food and Pharmaceutical Sectors
Full text linkHemp is a high-value crop that originated in Central Asia and is a historic but emerging cultivated plant. It may be grown for fiber, food, paper making, textiles, and therapeutic reasons. In the 21st century, market interest in hemp and its products has notably increased because seed portions can be utilized in the agri-food business, the woody component of the stem can be used in green buildings, the outer layer of the stems can be used in the textile industry, and the extraction of bioactive components from roots can play a vital role in the pharmacological industries. Hemp has recently been demonstrated to be a viable alternative for economies built on synthetic materials by the food, pharmaceutical, textiles, paper, building, and energy industries, among others. As a result, the goal of this study is to assemble the significant advancements in hemp, as well as to identify research gaps and research direction opportunities. The hemp plant will be provided more encouragement to be grown and be used. Many applications of hemp may be pushed to the next level for both producing a green environment and profit. A strong vision and a well-defined plan will pave the path for the discovery of new technologies and concepts
Processing of Carob Kernels to Syrup by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
Full text linkCarob syrup is one of the most important carob products, which can have applications in pastry and confectionery, as a fruit preservative, but also in the pharmaceutical field because of the antimicrobial activity due to its polyphenol content. Carob syrup is traditionally made through a very time-consuming process, involving solid–liquid extraction in boiling water and concentration at a high temperature (>100◦ C), which potentially causes the degradation of the active compounds (i.e., procyanidins or flavonol glycosides). Therefore, in this work, an alternative and less drastic method based on ultrasound technology was proposed to produce carob syrup. Processing conditions (i.e., time, temperature, and liquid–solid ratio) influencing the extraction of total soluble solids (TSS) and total phenolic compounds (TPC) were optimized using a central composite design coupled to response surface methodology. Reliable mathematical models allowed us to predict the highest TSS (24 ± 2◦ Brix) and TPC (1.7 ± 0.5 mg/mL) values that could be obtained at 15 min, 35◦ C, and 2 mL/g. Finally, a different HPLC-DAD phenolic pattern was determined between syrups produced by traditional and ultrasound methods; epicatechin, 4-hydroxycoumaric acid, and ferulic acid were more concentrated in the former, while procyanidin B2, myricitrin, and quercitrin were prevalent in the latter one
Innovative Extraction Technologies for Development of Functional Ingredients Based on Polyphenols from Olive Leaves
Full text linkOlive tree (Olea europea L.) leaves represent around 10% of the total weight of olives arriving at any given mill, which are generally discarded, causing economic and environmental issues. However, these are rich sources of natural bioactive compounds (i.e., polyphenols), which have health-promoting potential. Thus, the valorization of olive leaves by recovering and reusing their components should be a must for food sustainability and circular economy. This review provides an insight into the principal polyphenols present in olive leaves, together with agronomic variables influencing their content. It also summarizes the recent advances in the application of novel extraction technologies that have shown promising extraction efficacy, reducing the volume of extraction solvent and saving time and cost. Moreover, potential industrial uses and international patents filed in the pharmaceutic, food, and cosmetic sectors are discussed
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