1,721,143 research outputs found
Trigeminal Neuralgia
No full textTrigeminal neuralgia, traditionally called tic douloureux, is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder characterized by spontaneous and elicited
paroxysms of electric shock–like or stabbing pain in a region of the face. A poor quality of life and suicide in severe cases have been attributed to the disorder. A classification of trigeminal neuralgia has been adopted by several professional societies and forms the basis of its description in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11
Functional organization of the trigeminal motor system in man. A neurophysiological study.
No full textTranscranial stimulation (TCS) in intact human subjects was used to investigate the corticobulbar projections and the functional organization of the trigeminal motor system. Both electrical (with the anode overlying the face area of the motor cortex) and magnetic TCS (with the coil at the vertex) excite the upper motoneurons projecting to the trigeminal motor nucleus, evoking motor potentials (C-MEPs) in the jaw-closing and suprahyoid muscles, but only during voluntary contraction. At least 30% of jaw-closing motoneurons are reached by direct fast-conducting corticobulbar fibres; these projections are mainly crossed. Suprahyoid motoneurons are also reached by fast-conducting corticobulbar fibres; these projections are probably bilateral. In the masseter, electrical TCS also evokes an ipsilateral motor response (R-MEP), followed by a later wave (U), and bilateral inhibitory periods. The R-MEP is secondary to excitation of the motor trigeminal root; the U wave probably results from the simultaneous excitation of Ia afferents in the root and ipsilaterally projecting corticofugal fibres; the inhibitory periods are largely due to activation of exteroceptive afferents in the root. Magnetic TCS, avoiding spread of current to the trigeminal root, evokes C-MEPs but not R-MEPs or U waves. The masseter inhibitory period after magnetic TCS may be due to excitation of corticofugal inhibitory fibres and to mechanical activation of Golgi tendon organs
Corticobulbar projections to upper and lower facial motoneurons. A study by magnetic transcranial stimulation in man.
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